形变对LY12铝合金应力腐蚀开裂性能的影响

本文研究了不同的形变时效处理对LY12铝合金应力腐蚀开裂性能的影响。利用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了各种形变时效状态试样应力腐蚀开裂的断口形貌及其微观组织,探讨了形变提高LY12铝合金应力腐蚀开裂抗力的原因。     

纯剪试验及Bauschinger效应研究

本文阐述了纯剪试验的原理及方法,对三种国产铝板材(δ=1mm) LY12 M,LF21M,LC4M 进行了试验研究,取得了纯剪的应力,应变曲线,同时讨论了板材的 Bauschinger 效应,试验取得了 LF21M 不同方向的 Bauschinger 效应曲线。     

LC9铝合金单轴拉伸形变规律

研究了LC9铝合金棒材在室温下的形变硬化规律。测量了真应力应变曲线。得到了均匀形变阶段和非均匀形变阶段的真应力应变关系。进行了缩颈区应力修正,对试样颈部表面作了初步讨论。     

颗粒形状、含量和基体特性对金属基复合材料压缩力学行为的影响

通过建立轴对称体胞模型,用数值分析手段研究了在变形速率范围10－4~105/s内,陶瓷颗粒增强铝合金复合材料的压缩塑性流变特征,讨论了不同颗粒形状(圆柱形和球形),不同颗粒体积含量(10％~50％)和不同铝合金基体(LC4、LY12CZ和7075)对金属基复合材料流动应力、应变率敏感性等的影响,构造了可以描述高应变率下金属基复合材料压缩行为的本构模型,并考虑了基体特性、颗粒形状、体积含量及应变率的影响,得出了与试验相吻合的结果。     

铝合金应力腐蚀的电化学研究

应用电化学测试法、恒载荷拉伸法和慢应变速率拉伸法研究了硬铝合金LY12 3.5 %NaCl溶液应力腐蚀体系的电化学特性。结果表明应变速率比应力对电化学特性的影响更大。应变速率为 1.13× 10 - 5/s时 ,应力腐蚀较为敏感 ;形变强化阶段力学、化学效应最为明显 ;LY12的应力腐蚀开裂是阳极溶解和氢脆共同作用的结果     

LY12—CZ和LC4—CS铝合金在多种环境中的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展

文中对两种常用铝合金LY12—CZ和LC4—CS在各种环境中的疲劳裂纹扩展速率与实验室空气中的数据进行了比较,揭示了不同的腐蚀环境对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响。腐蚀环境的参加使两种铝合金的裂纹扩展速率明显加快,其影响的严重程度由重到轻依次为:盐水,盐雾,盐雾+SO_2,潮湿空气。LC4—CS合金比LY12—CZ合金对环境因素表现更为敏感,其疲劳裂纹扩展抗力在腐蚀环境中的降低更为显著。     

高锰Hadfield钢单向拉伸变形及断裂行为研究

本研究测试了高锰Hadfield钢室温下在大应变速率(分别为6×10~(-3)s~(-1)、6×10~(-4)s~(-1)、3×10~(-5)s~(-1)和6×10~(-6)s~(-1))范围内的单向拉伸变形的力学响应行为,分析了合金的变形行为及裂纹萌生与扩展规律。结果表明:在不同应变速率下均存在动态应变时效现象,且延伸率具有正的应变速率敏感性。拉伸变形后,奥氏体晶粒内产生了大量位错和层错,以及细小且相互平行的形变孪晶。应变硬化率随真应变的增加依次表现为"减小—增大—减小"三个演变阶段。其中,第二阶段的增大现象是形变孪晶的急剧增加而形成孪生硬化所致。垂直于拉伸变形方向分布的高密度滑移带是裂纹萌生的主要区域。裂纹扩展以沿垂直拉伸方向的穿晶形式为主,结合沿孪晶方向进行。高锰Hadfield钢的主要变形机制是滑移与孪生的相互竞争。     

LC4高强铝合金的慢应变速率拉伸试验

采用慢应变速率拉伸 (SSRT)技术测试了LC4铝合金在空气和质量分数为 3.5 %的NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀断裂 (SCC)行为 .研究了应变速率对铝合金SCC行为的影响和氢在LC4高强铝合金应力腐蚀断裂过程中的作用 .试验结果表明 ,LC4合金具有SCC敏感性 ,在潮湿空气中发生应力腐蚀断裂 ,而在干燥空气中不发生应力腐蚀断裂 .对于长横取向的LC4铝合金试样 ,在应变速率为 1.331× 10 6s 1时 ,其SCC敏感性比应变速率为 6 .6 5 5× 10 6s 1时的敏感性大 .在潮湿空气和阳极极化条件下 ,铝合金的应力腐蚀断裂机理是以阳极溶解为主 ,氢几乎不起作用 .在预渗氢或阴极极化条件下 ,氢脆起主要作用 ,预渗氢时间延长可加速LC4合金的应力腐蚀断裂 .     

CRYOGENIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF Al─Li SINGLE CRYSTAL

Ａｌ－Ｌｉ单晶体（７７Ｋ和２９３Ｋ）的塑性流变行为表明，Ａｌ－Ｌｉ单晶体的极限拉伸率度σｂ和最大均匀应变εｂ在低温下有所提高；形变硬化率ｄσ／ｄｅ和形变硬化指数ｎ的增加表明其均匀变形能力得以提高：Ａｌ－Ｌｉ中的锯齿流变（ＰＬＣ）效应与δ粒子和固溶Ｌｉ原子均有联系。     

预变形对LY12铝合金板热处理后晶粒度的影响

为了制定合理的铝合金板多道次成形工艺,需确定每道次的粗晶临界应变.通过将单向拉伸试件拉伸到不同预应变,然后热处理测定晶粒度的方法,分别研究了不同预变形对退火和淬火热处理后LY12铝合金板晶粒度的影响.结果表明,不同预变形对退火热处理后晶粒度无影响;对淬火热处理后晶粒度影响显著,而且存在一个临界应变,当预应变大于该临界应变时,晶粒突然长大.对于包铝层,该临界应变小于0.8%;对于基体,该临界应变在4%左右.对于LY12铝合金板多道次成形工艺设计,退火前道次极限变形量的制定不需考虑粗晶影响,淬火前道次变形量的制定需考虑粗晶临界应变.     

Effect of heat treatment on strain hardening of ZK60 Mg alloy

Strain hardening behaviors of extruded ZK60 Mg alloy under different heat treatments (T4, T5 and T6) were studied using uniaxial tensile tests at room temperature. Hardening capacity, strain hardening exponent as well as strain hardening rate curve were obtained according to true plastic stress–strain curves. T5 and T6 treatments decrease strain hardening of extruded ZK60 alloy, and subsequently give rise to an obvious reduction in tensile uniform strain. While, as-T4 treated specimen shows the strongest strain hardening ability among these specimens, and its hardening capacity and strain hardening exponent are nearly twice those of as-T5 and T6 treated specimens. These effects were analyzed in terms of the microstructural variation and dislocation storage in ZK60 alloy.     

Stretch Formability in HSLA and IF Steels

Stretch formability of steel sheets can be evaluated by the strain hardening exponent. Cold rolled High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) and Interstitial Free (IF) steels having different compositions and processing histories have been studied. Steels were subjected to controlled strains and the values of strain hardening exponents, microstrains and residual stresses were measured. It was found that a linear correlation exists between residual stresses and the strain hardening exponents. A possible mechanism for work hardening in the presence of misoriented grains is proposed taking in account the smrage of elastic strain energy and the dislocation movements. A strain interval (10.15%) is proposed for stretch forming operations to minimize residual stresses.     

Parametric Analysis of Tensile Properties of Bimodal Al Alloys by Finite Element Method

An axisymmetrical unit cell model was used to represent a bimodal Al alloy that was composed of both nano-grained (NG) and coarse-grained (CG) aluminum. Effects of microstructural and materials parameters on tensile properties of bimodal Al alloy were investigated by finite element method (FEM). The parameters analyzed included aspect ratios of CG Al and the unit cell, volume fraction of CG Al (VFCG), and yield strength and strain hardening exponent of CG Al. Aspect ratios of CG Al and the unit cell have no significant influence on tensile stress-strain response of the bimodal Al alloy. This phenomenon derives from the similarity in elastic modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion between CG Al and NG Al. Conversely, tensile properties of bimodal Al alloy are extremely sensitive to VFCG, yield strength and strain hardening exponent of CG Al.Specifically, as VFCG increases, both yield strength and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the bimodal Al alloy decreases, while uniform strain of bimodal Al alloy increases. In addition, an increase in yield strength of CG Al results in an increase in both yield stress and UTS of bimodal Al alloy and a decrease in uniform strain of bimodal Al alloy. The lower capability in lowering the increase of stress concentration in NG Al due to a higher yield strength of CG Al causes the lower uniform strain of the bimodal Al alloy. When strain hardening exponent of CG Al increases, 0.2% yield stress, UT5, and uniform strain of the bimodal Al alloy increases. This can be attributed to the increased work-hardening ability of CG Al with a higher strain hardening exponent.     

SiC颗粒增强6061Al基复合材料的动态拉伸性能Ⅰ应变硬化

利用拉伸split Hopkinson bar实验装置研究了SiCp/6061Al复合材料及其基体合金的动态拉伸性能及应变硬化行为。结果表明，与静态加载类似，在动态加载条件下，SiCp/6061Al复合材料的强度高于基体合金的强度，其断裂延伸率低于基体合金的断裂延伸率，在低应变动态拉伸时，复合材料的应变硬化指数高于Al合金材料的应变硬化指数，随着应变的增加，复合材料的应变硬化指数迅速下降，以至低于基体合金的应变硬化指数。     

铝合金LC4和LY12CZ在高应交率拉伸和压缩下的本构关系

对国产沉淀硬化铝合金（ＬＣ４和ＬＹ１２ＣＺ）进行了静态和动态的拉伸与压缩试验研究．应变率范围为１０－４ｌ／ｓ～１０３ｌ／ｓ．结果表明，ＬＣ４和ＬＹ１２ＣＺ都是应变率不敏感材料，它们对应变率的不敏感性可以用率相关位错理论来解释．试验还发现压缩应力－应变曲线高于拉伸应力－应变曲线，并用细观损伤的观点进行了初步探讨     

Strain hardening of as-extruded Mg-xZn (x = 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt%) alloys

The influence of Zn on the strain hardening of as-extruded Mg-x Zn(x = 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt%) magnesium alloys was investigated using uniaxial tensile tests at 10~(-3)s~(-1) at room temperature. The strain hardening rate,the strain hardening exponent and the hardening capacity were obtained from true plastic stress-strain curves. There were almost no second phases in the as-extruded Mg-Zn magnesium alloys. Average grain sizes of the four as-extruded alloys were about 17.8 μm. With increasing Zn content from 1 to 4 wt%, the strain hardening rate increased from 2850 MPa to 6810 MPa at(б-б_(0.2)) = 60 MPa, the strain hardening exponent n increased from 0.160 to 0.203, and the hardening capacity, Hc increased from 1.17 to 2.34.The difference in strain hardening response of these Mg-Zn alloys might be mainly caused by weaker basal texture and more solute atoms in the α-Mg matrix with higher Zn content.     

The variation of strain rate sensitivity exponent and strain hardening exponent in isothermal compression of Ti–6Al–4V alloy

The deformation behavior in isothermal compression of Ti–6Al–4V alloy is investigated in the deformation temperatures ranging from 1093 K to 1303 K, the strain rates ranging from 0.001 s⁻¹ to 10.0 s⁻¹ at an interval of an order magnitude and the height reductions ranging from 20% to 60% at an interval of 10%. Based on the experimental results in isothermal compression of Ti–6Al–4V alloy, the effect of processing parameters and grain size of primary α phase on the strain rate sensitivity exponent m and the strain hardening exponent n is in depth analyzed. The strain rate sensitivity exponent m at a strain of 0.7 and strain rate of 0.001 s⁻¹ firstly tends to increase with the increasing of deformation temperature, and maximum m value is obtained at deformation temperature close to the beta-transus temperature, while at higher deformation temperature it drops to the smaller values. Moreover, the strain rate sensitivity exponent m decreases with the increasing of strain rate at the deformation temperatures below 1253 K, but the m values become maximal at a strain rate of 0.01 s⁻¹ and the deformation temperature above 1253 K. The strain rate affects the variation of strain rate sensitivity exponent with strain. Those phenomena can be explained reasonably based on the microstructural evolution. On the other hand, the strain hardening exponent n depends strongly on the strain rate at the strains of 0.5 and 0.7. The strain affects significantly the strain hardening exponent n due to the variation of grain size of primary α phase with strain, and the competition between thermal softening and work hardening.     

Tensile and fatigue properties of a cast aluminum alloy with Ti, Zr and V additions

The development of aluminum alloys for automotive powertrain applications is in high demand due to the required weight reduction and fuel efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microstructure and mechanical properties of a newly developed Al-7%Si-1%Cu-0.5%Mg cast alloy with further additions of Ti, Zr and V. The microstructure of the alloys consisted of Al dendrites surrounded by Al-Si eutectic structures with Mg/Cu/Fe-containing Si particles, and contained nano-sized trialuminide precipitates in the Ti/Zr/V added alloys. The alloys had a significantly (60-87%) higher yield strength but lower ductility than A356-T6 and 319-T6 alloys. With the addition of Ti/Zr/V both monotonic and cyclic yield strengths increased, but ductility and hardening capacity decreased due to reduced dislocation storage capacity caused by stronger interactions between dislocations and trialuminide precipitates. The Zr/V-modified alloy had a longer fatigue life, and all the alloys exhibited cyclic stabilization at low strain amplitudes and cyclic hardening at higher strain amplitudes. With increasing strain amplitude, the extent of cyclic hardening increased. Both cyclic yield strength and cyclic strain hardening exponent were higher than the corresponding monotonic yield strength and strain hardening exponent, indicating that a stronger cyclic hardening ability of the alloys developed. Fatigue cracks were observed to initiate at near-surface defects, and crack propagation was mainly characterized by the formation of fatigue striations together with secondary cracks.