金属基复合材料的性能和应用

对金属基复合材料的发展历程作了简单的回顾。并描述了金属基复合材料出色的综合性能及其在运输、热学管理、航空航天、工业、娱乐业和基础设施等行业的应用；最后对金属基复合材料（MMCs）的发展作出展望。     

金属基复合材料制备工艺的研究进展

系统论述了金属基复合材料研究和发展的概况,简要介绍了金属基复合材料的常用金属基体、增强体,重点阐述了金属基复合材料常用的制备技术,即：搅拌铸造法、粉末冶金法、原位生成法等。另外,对金属基复合材料的润湿性、界面反应、复合材料力学性能和有限元模拟作了简单介绍。最后,对半固态成形技术应用于金属纂复合材料中的成形加工发展方向做了展望。     

海洋工程金属基复合材料的分类与制备

介绍了海洋环境的特点,综述了海洋工程金属基复合材料的发展现状,介绍了海洋工程金属基复合材料的分类与特点,着重介绍了铁基、铝基、钛基及铜基复合材料;综述了金属基复合材料制备技术的发展历程;概述了液态法、扩散粘结法、形变法、沉积法、多层喷射沉积法以及原位合成法等工艺;展望了海洋工程金属基复合材料的产业化发展趋势,提出了海洋工程金属材料朝金属基复合材料的方向发展,而采用防腐蚀涂层和镀层将进一步提高复合材料的耐腐蚀性.     

金属基碳纳米管复合材料的研究及展望

将碳纳米管引入到金属中形成金属基碳纳米管复合材料,其硬度、强度、磨损性能、热稳定性能等都得到了提高,使得金属基复合材料在性能上又有了质的飞跃。综述了铜、铝、铁、镁金属及其合金的国内外发展应用现状,介绍了将碳纳米管引入到金属中制备金属基碳纳米管复合材料的方法,并对金属基碳纳米管复合材料的发展进行了展望。     

金属基复合材料的发展及展望

综述了金属基复合材料的发展，指出了在其制造和使用中的主要问题及应取对策；重点分析了金属基混杂复合材料、金属间化合物基复合材料、功能梯度材料及金属基智能复合材料的发展前景。     

碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料的研究现状

碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料密度低、高强度、抗氧化性好和耐腐蚀,是尖端技术领域发展高性能结构材料的研究方向和热点。简要介绍了碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料的主要制备技术,并指出各自的优势与缺点。同时,对碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料性能的影响因素进行总结,以全面了解该类复合材料研究与发展现状,为高强度碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料的设计提供指导。     

面向未来的金属基复合材料

<正> 近代工业和高新技术的发展,对金属材料的性能不断提出新的要求。金属基复合材料的研制在满足这一要求方面开始发挥了它应起的作用。 金属基复合材料(Metal—matrix composites)简称MMC,具有一系列优点:刚度好、强度高、重量轻,耐高温和热膨胀系数小。它的最大潜力是能按要求制造出各向异性的材料。 金属基复合材料的组成 金属基复合材料,主要有纤维增强金属基复合材料     

铸渗法制备陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究进展

综述了铸渗法制备陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合材料的成分设计原则。从陶瓷预制体制备工艺、铸渗法制备陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合材料制备工艺及改善陶瓷颗粒与金属基体润湿性3个方面阐述了复合材料的研究进展。概述了陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合材料应用现状,并对未来发展进行了展望。     

金属基复合材料的发展与应用

介绍了金属基复合材料的研究及发展历程,以及国内外的研究进展情况,例举了一些不同制备工艺的金属基复合材料的力学性能和金属基复合材料在各方面的应用.     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究现状及展望

从材料的选择、制备技术和性能等方面对颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究现状进行综合评述。分析了颗粒增强金属基复合材料发展过程中存在的一些问题及改进措施 ,指出了颗粒增强金属基复合材料的几个重要发展方向 :制备技术的改进、应用范围向特色应用领域的拓宽和再生回收的重视     

金属基复合材料的现状与发展趋势

在过去的二十多年里,金属基复合材料凭借其结构轻量化和优异的耐磨、热学和电学性能,逐渐在陆上运输（汽车和火车）、热管理、民航、工业和体育休闲产业等诸多领域实现商业化的应用,确立了作为新材料和新技术的地位。但是,金属基复合材料的未来发展仍然面临不确定性,既有可能持续扩大应用领域和市场规模,也有可能在其它材料和技术的竞争下停滞甚至萎缩。在综述金属基复合材料的研究与应用现状的基础上,对其可预期的增长点和发展趋势进行了展望。     

Mechanical spectroscopy of thermal stress relaxation at metal–ceramic interfaces in Aluminium-based composites

The micromechanisms of thermal stress relaxation in aluminum-based metal-matrix composites (MMCs) have been investigated by mechanical loss and dynamic shear modulus measurements during thermal cycling between 100 and 500 K. A transient mechanical loss maximum, which is absent in the monolithic material, appears during cooling. This damping maximum is strongly dependent on the measurement parameters: oscillation frequency, oscillation amplitude and cooling rate. In addition, it increases with the volumetric reinforcement content and decreases if the matrix strength is improved. The shear modulus evolution during thermal cycling shows that no detectable interfacial debonding occurs. Compared with alloyed MMCs, Al4N-based MMCs show the highest damping maximum simultaneously with a plateau in the elastic shear modulus. The mechanical loss maximum is attributed to dislocation generation and motion near the interfaces, resulting from the differential thermal contraction of matrix and reinforcement. A new model is proposed which describes this specific mechanical behavior of MMCs in terms of the development of microplastic zones in the matrix near the metal–ceramic interfaces.     

原位生成Al2O3、TiB2和Al3Ti/Al复合材料的热循环行为

本文研究了Al-TiO2-B系原位生成Al2O3、TiB2和Al3Ti/Al颗粒增强铝基复合材料的热循环行为，研究结果表明了纯铝及B／TiO2摩尔比分别为0、1和2的颗粒增强铝基复合材料的热循环行为具有以下结果，纯铝和复合材料热循环后均产生了残余应变和滞后环；Al-TiO2-B系列复合材料热循环应变的各项指标均比纯铝基体大大降低，且具有较小的内耗功和较好的热稳定性，可以预测其具有较高的热疲劳寿命，热循环曲线能很好的评估复合材料在温度循环变化的环境中工作时的热稳定性和热疲劳。     

铝基复合材料在交通运输工具中的应用

铝基复合材料在汽车中的应用日益增多。杜拉坎是一种用常规铸锭冶金法生产的以氧化铝粒子增强的铝合金基复合材料,已在国外一些汽车中批量应用。     

Metal-matrix composites in ground transportation

Metal-matrix composites (MMCs) are used in a variety of automotive and other ground transp ortation applications. This article provides a brief overview of the major applications of MMCs in ground transportation. The main attractive features of MMCs are: high strength-to-weight ratio, enhanced mechanical and thermal properties over conventional materials, improved fatigue and creep characteristics, better wear resistance, and general tailorability of properties. Because the transportation industry is extremely cost-sensitive, reducing the manufacturing costs of MMC components will aid in the use of MMCs.     

Effect of Heat Input on Mechanical and Metallurgical Properties of Friction Stir Welded AA6061-10% SiCp MMCs

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced with SiC particles combine the matrix properties with those of the ceramic reinforcement, leading to higher stiffness and superior thermal stability with respect to the corresponding unreinforced alloys. However, their wide application as structural material needs proper development of a suitable joining process. In this investigation, an attempt was made to study the effect of heat input on the evolution of microstructure in weld region of friction stir welded AA6061-10% SiCp MMCs. The tensile properties of the joints were evaluated and they are related with microstructure and heat input of the process. The microstructure characterization of the weld zone shows evidence of a substantial grain refinement of the aluminum matrix and fracturing of reinforcement particles due to dynamic recrystallization induced by the plastic deformation and frictional heating during welding.     

Metal-matrix composites for space applications

From the onset of the space era, both organic-matrix and metal-matrix composites (MMCs), with high specific stiffness and near-zero coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), have been developed for space applications. Of the organic-matrix composites, graphite/epoxy (Gr/Ep) has been used in space for truss elements, bus panels, antennas, wave guides, and parabolic reflectors in the past 30 years. MMCs possess high-temperature capability, high thermal conductivity, low CTE, and high specific stiffness and strength. Those potential benefits generated optimism for MMCs for critical space system applications in the late 1980s.^1,2 The purpose of this article is to detail the history, status, and opportunities of MMCs for space applications. Editor’s Note: A hypertext-enhanced version of this article can be found at www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/0104/Rawal_0104.html. For more information, contact S.P. Rawal, Lockheed Martin Space Systems-Aeronautics Operations, Advanced Structures and Materials and Thermal Control Group, Denver, Colorado.     

金属基复合材料相界面区力学性能显微力学探针分析

雾化喷射沉积成型２０１４铝合金＋１５％ＳｉＣｐ和１８Ｎｉ马氏体时效钢＋１０％（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）ｐ金属基复合材料表现出加速时效行为。采用显微力学探针技术研究了复合材料的时效行为，发现在增强颗粒附近存在明显的弹性模量和硬度的梯度分布１，是热错配应力造成的位错密度分布引起的析出相梯度分布的结果。     

Development and Characterization of B4C Reinforced Detonation-Sprayed Al Coatings

Because of their excellent properties aluminum and its alloys cover a wide range of applications especially in the lightweight construction sector. In order to reach a higher strength and wear resistance metal matrix composites (MMCs) are used. Typically Al MMCs are manufactured by casting or extrusion processes. The disadvantage of these production routes is a cost-intensive and time-consuming finishing in terms of grinding and milling. The technique of thermal spraying provides the possibility to coat aluminum parts with MMCs close to their final shape. In addition to the shape accuracy the ductility and toughness of the coated parts are generally higher compared to extruded or casted parts. This study describes the development of detonation-sprayed boron carbide reinforced aluminum coatings on aluminum (EN AW 5754) substrates. The optimization of the coatings was focused on a homogeneous coating structure, a low coating porosity, a high deposition efficiency, a high number of embedded carbides, and a small percentage of oxides. In continuous tensile tests the influence of the MMC coating on the tensile strength was determined. Furthermore, the tensile strength was investigated in a discontinuous tensile test step by step. The different stages of deformation were analyzed by using micro computed tomography. This method enables the observation of tensile specimens in 3D, and consequently the site and moment of crack formation.     

金属基复合材料强度的影响因素

过去30年里金属基复合材料虽然得到了广泛的研究与发展，但其性能一致性差的问题制约了其应用，因此复合材料的性能设计受到了普遍的关注。强度是材料在工程应用上重要的衡量指标，对强度影响因素的研究对复合材料的性能设计至关重要。本文着重分析了复合材料中基体合金化，增强体，基体与增强体的相容性，界面，工艺等因素对强度的影响。