钢板连续热浸镀铝硅镀层的微观结构和冷成形性能

采用连续热浸镀工艺和成分为Al-10％Si(质量分数)的镀液在0.8 mm厚的冷轧低碳钢板上制备铝-硅涂层.检测了连续热浸镀铝硅镀层的形貌、元素分布、微观结构和相成分.研究了钢板浸入渡槽的温度(640～710℃)对镀层组织和冷成形时开裂倾向的影响,并分析了涂层开裂的原因.结果表明:钢板浸入渡槽的温度对热浸镀铝硅镀层的组...     

合成温度对聚晶金刚石的影响

本文利用六面顶压机,在高温高压条件下进行了合成聚晶金刚石的实验。研究了合成温度对聚晶金刚石晶粒大小和黏结剂分布的影响。用扫描电子显微镜观察了相同压力、不同合成温度条件下合成出的聚晶金刚石的断口形貌。结果表明,合成温度高时(1 650℃),晶粒尺寸稍小,金属黏结剂分布均匀;合成温度低时(1 590℃),晶粒尺寸稍大,金属黏结剂分布不均匀。这可能是因为,当温度高时,金刚石生长驱动力小,生长速度稍慢,在相同时间条件下,晶粒尺寸稍小。同时温度稍高,黏结剂流动性增强,更有利于其均匀分布。     

放电等离子烧结制备Ti-4.3Fe-7.1Cr-3Al合金

利用放电等离子烧结技术制备了一种低成本车用钛合金(Ti-4.3Fe-7.1Cr-3Al),研究烧结温度对其晶粒尺寸、孔隙率、显微组织、成分均匀性、相结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明,在1100和1300℃两种烧结温度下,其显微组织基本由针状α相和β基体相组成,其间分布着条状或颗粒状TiC。随着烧结温度的升高,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,孔隙率逐渐减小,TiC析出密度逐渐增多,针状α相逐渐减少,并且由1100℃的不均匀分布逐渐转变为1300℃的均匀分布。电子探针分析表明,1100℃时成分均匀性差,出现了Cr和Al元素的偏析,而1300℃时基本无偏析。XRD分析和纳米力学探针测量显示,添加的合金元素使β相的晶格参数减小以及细小第二相析出,弹性模量增大。     

TD法盐浴渗钒层初期生长表面形貌的研究

在不同温度下对T12钢基体进行不同时间的盐浴渗钒处理,采用扫描电镜、电子探针和XRD等分析手段,分析了渗钒层初期生长的表面形貌演变过程,并对比了国产供应态和球化退火态两种T12钢基体上渗钒初期的覆层形貌和成分分布。结果表明:在不同温度下渗钒,覆层的初期生长都是初始晶核不断形成并生长,直至覆盖整个表面,同时在初始晶粒上生成超细晶粒,最终形成非常光滑的表面;温度不同,则覆层形成类似形貌所需的处理时间不同;覆层形成初期的形貌受基体组织的影响,使基体中的渗碳体均匀分布有利于均匀致密覆层的形成。     

氧化石墨烯表面原位生长纳米碳化钨工艺及形貌

为发挥氧化石墨烯在热喷涂碳化钨耐磨涂层中自润滑性能,提高氧化石墨烯与热喷涂粉末的相容性,将偏钨酸铵作为钨的前驱体与氧化石墨烯混合,采用还原技术在氧化石墨烯表面原位生长纳米尺度碳化钨颗粒。借助XRD和SEM研究偏钨酸铵与氧化石墨烯不同摩尔配比、不同升温速率、不同反应温度等条件下获得样品的物相组成及表面形貌。结果表明:氧化石墨烯表面原位生长纳米碳化钨所需原料氧化石墨烯与偏钨酸铵最佳配比优化后对应为n(W)∶n(C)=1∶5,最佳升温速率为70℃/min,最佳还原温度为700℃,该条件下获得样品形貌为纳米片层氧化石墨烯表面弥散分布有尺度均匀的纳米碳化钨颗粒。     

回火温度对37CrMnMo钢冲击性能的影响

通过冲击、拉伸试验、光学显微镜和扫描电镜,研究了钻杆接头用37CrMnMo钢在不同回火温度下的显微组织形貌及强度和冲击性能的影响的变化规律。结果表明,37CrMnMo钢经水淬后于500～640 ℃回火后得到回火索氏体,随回火温度的上升其抗拉强度与屈服强度由平缓降低变为陡降趋势。500 ℃的回火组织中碳化物呈现层片状分布,冲击吸收能量为30.94 J;600 ℃回火后碳化物呈均匀弥散分布,冲击吸收能量为117.49 J;经过640 ℃回火后,显微组织中碳化物粗化,直接导致冲击吸收能量下降。故37CrMnMo钢试样在870 ℃淬火后于不同温度回火,碳化物的形貌对其强韧性起着关键作用。     

活性填料对聚硅氮烷连接SiC陶瓷接头性能的影响

采用陶瓷先驱体聚合物--含乙烯基聚硅氮烷并加入活性填料纳米铝粉连接无压烧结SiC陶瓷.研究了纳米铝粉填料对连接强度的影响,并对连接层的微观结构及成分进行了分析.结果表明,纳米铝粉的加入,促进了聚硅氮烷的裂解,降低了连接温度,减少了连接层内的孔隙等缺陷,从而有效地提高了连接强度.当连接温度为1 150 ℃,加入纳米铝粉填料所获得的连接件经2次浸渍/裂解增强处理后,其室温三点抗弯强度达到最大值为146.8 MPa.XRD分析表明,连接层含有Si3N4,SiC及少量AlN等微粒.微观结构及成分分析显示,连接层厚度约为5 μm,元素分布较为均匀,连接层与母材之间接合良好.     

水热法制备纳米氧化锆煅烧过程中晶粒生长特性研究

对水热法制备的纳米氧化锆在不同温度和保温时间条件下进行了煅烧,采用X射线结合全谱模型方法分析了晶粒尺寸和晶粒尺寸分布的变化。结果表明,当煅烧温度在300℃时,纳米氧化锆晶粒开始生长并伴随着晶粒尺寸分布宽化。纳米氧化锆的晶粒生长速率及晶粒尺寸分布与煅烧温度和保温时间有关。根据分析结果,计算了晶粒生长指数和晶粒生长活化能。讨论了晶粒生长机理,晶粒旋转合并是纳米氧化锆晶粒生长的主要方式。     

CDS铸造过共晶铝硅合金组织及性能研究

采用受控扩散凝固(CDS)技术制备Al-20％Si合金,研究了混合方式和高硅合金的混合温度对目标合金组织和性能的影响,探讨了合金组织与热膨胀性能之间的关系.结果表明,采用受控扩散凝固技术,纯铝液(660℃)与高硅合金液(850℃)混合所制备的目标合金初生硅相分布均匀,形貌规整,尺寸最小,合金的线膨胀系数也最小(15.7×10-6 ℃-1,30～300℃).分析表明,Al-20％Si合金热膨胀性能主要取决于合金组织中初生相的分布和形貌的规整性,与尺寸大小关系不大.     

连续冷却电磁搅拌对Al-25%Si合金初生硅形貌的影响

本文研究了Al-25%Si合金在半固态连续冷却电磁搅拌条件下合金初生硅形貌的变化.在3℃/min、6℃/min的冷却速度下,在不同搅拌时间,发现初生硅得到破碎细化,初生硅边角钝化;当搅拌至20～30min时,初生硅尺寸变化不大,分布趋于均匀,当搅拌超过30min时,初生硅又团聚长大.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.