烷基糖苷羟丙基磺酸盐和咪唑啉复配性能研究

研究了烷基糖苷羟丙基磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂(APGHPS)和咪唑啉两性离子表面活性剂(IMD)复配体系的稳定性、表面活性、泡沫性能、润湿性能和耐硬水性能。结果表明:APGHPS和IMD复配体系稳定性好;复配体系表现出良好的协同增效作用,当n(APGHPS)∶n(IMD)=1∶1时,增效作用最为明显,此时临界胶束浓度cmc=8.81×10~(-5)mol/L,最低表面张力γcmc=26.2 m N/m,均低于单一组分;复配体系的泡沫性能、润湿性能和耐硬水性能都较单一组分表面活性剂有所提高。     

苦楝素乳油配方的研究

采用HLB值法制备苦楝素乳油,确定苦楝素乙酸乙酯溶液的RHLB值为16.4;优化SDS,Tween-20和Span-60复配表面活性剂,优化表面活性剂的浓度为0.1 g/mL。所制备乳油具有良好的制剂外观、乳化性能优良、稳定性和分散性好。     

高效煮练剂DWS的研制

根据各类型表面活性剂的复配增效原理,研制出一种耐强碱、耐高温、乳化性、渗透力等综合性能均较理想的高效煮练剂.     

反应性丙烯酸酯微凝胶在涂料中的应用

以自制的两性表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂和非离子表面活性剂复配乳化体系通过乳液聚合法制得反应性丙烯酸酯微凝胶。由于三种表面活性剂之间所产生的协同效应使得乳液聚合体系十分稳定，可以制得具有良好综合性能的反应性丙烯酸酯微凝胶。该反应性丙烯酸微凝胶与水性甲醚化三聚氰胺甲醛树脂（Resimene717）复配成的水性烘漆具有优异的性能，可与铝粉复配得到具有金属光泽的涂膜。讨论了不同单体配比对涂膜性能的影响。     

Gemini表面活性剂复配体系研究进展

Gemini表面活性剂的特殊结构使其具有独特的优越性能,在不同的表面活性剂复配体系中表现了潜在的应用价值。文章简要介绍了Gemini表面活性剂的结构与性质,综述了近几年各类Gemini表面活性剂复配体系的发展现状,发现Gemini表面活性剂的存在可使复配体系有更强的协同作用。最后概括了表面活性剂复配体系的应用并对表面活性剂复配体系的发展趋势做了展望。     

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠在洗衣液中的应用研究

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠（MES）是以天然油脂为原料生产的新型高效阴离子表面活性剂。将MES和其他表面活性剂复配,进行相应的配方性能评价和应用性能研究。配方性能评价研究结果表明,含MES的洗衣液具有适合日常使用的泡沫量、黏度以及良好的耐寒和耐热稳定性。在应用性能方面的研究表明,含MES的洗衣液具有良好的去污性和耐硬水性。     

表面活性剂复配对泡沫灭火剂灭火性能的影响

将有机硅表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱分别与离子、两性表面活性剂进行复配,通过实验测试分析不同的复配体系对灭火性能的影响。结果表明,十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱与十二烷基硫酸钠复配后的溶液具有较长的析液时间、良好的铺展性能及较好的灭火性能。     

一种新型表面活性剂──松香酸衍生物的性能研究

作者用松香与三乙醇胺作用，合成了一种新的表面活性剂，并对其进行红外光语、表面活性及电化学性能方面的研究。结果表明该表面活性剂具有较好的表面活性并能与阴离子表面活性剂等进行复配。     

超低界面张力阴离子复合型驱油体系性能研究

采用旋转滴法分别测定了两种单一阴离子型表面活性剂体系和阴/阴离子复配型表面活性剂体系的油水界面张力,讨论了在50℃下表面活性剂的浓度、矿化度对油水界面张力的影响以及复配体系的最佳复配质量比,以此提高原油的采收率,评价了复配型体系表面活性剂的性能。结果表明,50℃、矿化度为3×104mg/L时将这两种阴离子表面活性剂以1∶1的质量比复配后,可以使油水界面张力值降至10-5m N/m,最终筛选出性能优越的超低界面张力驱油体系WY-2,同时此复配体系具有较好的稳定性和良好的乳化能力。     

超低界面张力阴离子复合型驱油体系性能研究

采用旋转滴法分别测定了两种单一阴离子型表面活性剂体系和阴/阴离子复配型表面活性剂体系的油水界面张力,讨论了在50℃下表面活性剂的浓度、矿化度对油水界面张力的影响以及复配体系的最佳复配质量比,以此提高原油的采收率,评价了复配型体系表面活性剂的性能。结果表明,50℃、矿化度为3×104mg/L时将这两种阴离子表面活性剂以1∶1的质量比复配后,可以使油水界面张力值降至10-5m N/m,最终筛选出性能优越的超低界面张力驱油体系WY-2,同时此复配体系具有较好的稳定性和良好的乳化能力。     

Behavior of surfactant mixtures in model oily-soil detergency studies

A study of roll-up in a model oily-soil detergent system has shown that the addition of a second surfactant in a minor amount to an effective detergent can either enhance or inhibit roll-up. Which effect takes place depends on the relative surface activity of the components, the levels used, and, for ionic surfactants, the electrolyte content. Addition of anionic surfactants can reduce the performance of an effective nonionic under low ionic strength/low hardness conditions. However, in high ionic strength/high hardness solutions, where the anionic is effective, the situation is reversed and addition of the nonionic component can, in some cases, reduce the rate of roll-up. Roll-up behavior appears to be controlled by the oil/ water interfacial tension. When the interfacial tension increases above a critical value, roll-up is inhibited. A theory that has been used to predict surface tensions of mixtures is also useful in estimating oil/water interfacial tensions. The theory provides an understanding of why the interfacial tension can rise when mixed micelles are formed.     

Surface Properties and Solubility Enhancement of Anionic/Nonionic Surfactant Mixtures Based on Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants

As a class of novel surfactants, Gemini surfactants usually exhibit fairly excellent interfacial properties in aqueous solutions on account of the unique structure. They have significant application and development potential for industrial production. However, the mixing properties of Gemini surfactants with conventional surfactants are the key to their application. The equilibrium surface tension curves of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixtures based on the sulfonate Gemini surfactant (SGS-12) were measured using the Wilhelmy Plate method. The parameters of surface adsorption, the interaction parameters between anionic and nonionic surfactants, and the thermodynamic parameters of micelle formation were calculated from the corresponding equations. In addition, the dynamic surface tension (DST) curves of anionic/nonionic surfactant mixtures were examined through bubble profile analysis, and the diffusion performance parameters were acquired from empirical formulas. The solubilization of pyrene in micelle solutions was studied using UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the interaction parameters of all anionic/nonionic surfactants are negative, indicating that there is a synergistic effect on reducing the surface tension. For the SGS-12/OP-10, SGS-12/Tween 80, SGS-12/AEO9, and SGS-12/APG0810 mixtures, the optimum mixing ratios are 6:4, 7:3, 7:3, and 8:2, respectively. The thermodynamic data of micelles show that the formation of mixed micelles for SGS-12/APG0810 mixtures is an enthalpy-driven process. The tendency of DST curves of the SGS-12/APG0810 mixture is similar to that of SGS-12. In comparison with single-surfactant solutions, the anionic/nonionic surfactant mixtures show stronger solubilization capacity toward pyrene.     

Synergistic Effect of Mixed Surfactant Systems on Foam Behavior and Surface Tension

Foam and surface tension behaviors of different ionic/nonionic surfactant solutions along with their different combinations have been investigated. Among different surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate showed the highest foamability over other surfactants. Mixed surfactant systems were always found to have higher foamability than the individual surfactant. It was also noticeable that nonionic surfactants show good foamability when they combine with anionic and cationic surfactants. In the case of mixed surfactant systems, nonionic/cationic surfactant mixtures showed lower surface tension than nonionic/anionic surfactant mixture due to a synergistic effect.     

Effects of water hardness and existence of adsorbent on toxic surface tension of surfactants for aquatic species

We have studied the effectiveness of surface tension on surfactants risk assessment. gamma(tox) was defined as surface tension at a point where acute aquatic toxicity of a surfactant emerges. Oryzias latipes, Daphnia magna, and Podocopida were used for acute aquatic toxicity test of 7 surfactants and 3 detergents. Gamma(tox)values were plotted on surface tension curves, and the effect of water hardness on toxicity and surface tension were examined. Results showed that gamma(tox) varies greatly by kind of surfactant or detergent. Therefore, aquatic toxicity cannot only be explained by surface tension. The change of aquatic toxicity with varying water hardness, however, could be explained by the change of surface tension. Aquatic toxicity of LAS (Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate) increased and aquatic toxicity of SOAP decreased with an increase of water hardness, but both gamma(tox), values were constant. Aquatic toxicity was decreased by an addition of mud soil as adsorbent into surfactant solution. The toxicity change can be explained by the surface tension since gamma(tox) value of solution with and without mud soil were equal. These results showed that the change of aquatic toxicity of a surfactant caused by water property, such as water hardness, could be explained by the change of surface tension.     

椰子油乙氧基化物与阴离子表面活性剂协同效应研究

摘要：对椰子油乙氧基化物-30EO（COE-30）与直链烷基苯磺酸（LAS）、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠（AES-2）及脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠（AEC-5）复配的二元体系进行研究,运用非理想溶液理论计算混合胶束和混合吸附层的组成及二者在混合胶束和混合吸附层中协同作用参数。结果表明,复配体系在混合胶束和混合吸附层显示出较强的协同作用,混合胶束中作用参数|βm|= 2~6,混合吸附层中作用参数|βσ|= 2~6。三个复配体系在形成胶束能力和降低表面张力效率方面存在协同增效作用,同时COE-30/AES-2和COE-30/AEC-5体系在降低表面张力能力方面也存在协同增效作用。     

Effects of Polyether Surfactants on Dynamic Interfacial Tension of Betaine Solutions against Crude Oil

The dynamic interfacial tension (IFT) of betaine and betaine/polyether‐nonionic surfactant‐mixed systems against hydrocarbons, kerosene, and crude oil–water was studied using a spinning‐drop tensiometer. The influence of average molecular weight of polyether‐nonionic surfactants on IFT of mixed solutions was investigated. On the basis of the experimental results, one can find that it is difficult to reach the ultralow IFT value for betaine solution against hydrocarbon and kerosene because of the mismatch between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. After purification, kerosene still contains a small amount of carboxyl groups, which can exert a synergistic effect on surfactants resulting in a lower IFT. The IFT of betaine and mixtures against Daqing crude oil can reach an ultralow value because of the mixed adsorption of surfactant and petroleum soap molecules. For mixed solutions, with the increasing concentration of added polyether, the decrease of petroleum soaps at the oil–water interface results in the destruction of synergistic effects.     

Effects of surface activity on aquatic toxicity of binary surfactant mixtures

The purpose of this study was to discuss the effects of surface activity on the aquatic toxicity of binary surfactant mixtures comprising anionic, nonionic, and cationic surfactants. Surface tension was measured to determine the cmc (critical micelle concentration), and acute aquatic toxicity tests were conducted on Daphnia magna to obtain 24h-EC(50) (24h 50% effective concentration). TU (toxic unit) was calculated to evaluate the toxicity of the mixture. Most of the surfactant mixtures showed no synergistic increase in the aquatic toxicity. The mixture of anionic/nonionic surfactants showed synergistic interfacial activity with decreasing cmc, but the toxicity did not increase. The surface tension of the mixture at 24h-EC(50) (γ(tox)), which was used as an indicator of the toxic concentration, decreased considerably and TU was >1, indicating decreased toxicity. γ(tox) of the anionic/anionic surfactant mixture decreased when tested with hard water (hardness of 625 ppm). γ(tox) could not be used as a toxic indicator for the anionic/cationic surfactant mixtures because they showed aquatic toxicity before their surface tension began to decrease.     

Interactions between LAS and nonionic surfactants

Physicochemical interactions between linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and various linear alcohol nonionics (NI) have been investigated. The effect of adding nonionic to LAS on critical micelle concentration (cmc), surface tension, water hardness sensitivity and detergency performance depends on both hydrophobe and hydrophile structure. The addition of low levels of a lauryl range-high EO nonionic surfactant significantly lowers cmc and causes the formation of micelles containing predominantly nonionic molecules. These mixed micelles improve hard water performance by acting as a sink for LAS and free calcium. Nonionic surfactant enhances LAS hard water performance by preventing the loss of LAS via Ca(LAS)₂ precipitation, not by its own soil removal capabilities. Nonionic surfactant acts as a micelle promotion agent, while LAS remains responsible for surface and interfacial properties. Presented at the AOCS meeting in May 1984 in Dallas, Texas.     

Coalescence of air bubbles in aqueous solutions of alcohols and nonionic surfactants

Coalescence of air bubbles in aqueous solutions of two aliphatic alcohols (viz. butanol and hexanol) and four nonionic surfactants (viz. Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60 and Tween 80) is reported in this work. Single-component alcohol and surfactant solutions as well as mixed binary surfactant–alcohol solutions were studied. Adsorption of the surface active compounds at air–water interface was studied by measuring the surface tension of the aqueous solutions. The critical micelle concentration and surface tension at this concentration were determined for the single and mixed surfactant–alcohol systems. The effect of concentration of surface active compounds on coalescence of air bubbles at flat air–water interface was studied. The role of electrostatic double layer, hydration and steric forces on coalescence was investigated. It was found that the stability of the thin aqueous films in mixed surfactant–alcohol systems depends on the subtle interplay of the intermolecular and surface forces in the film, which vary with the composition of the monolayer at the air–water interface. Stochastic distributions of coalescence time were observed in all systems. The coalescence time distributions were fitted by the stochastic model. The mean values of the distributions were compared with the predictions of seven film-drainage models.     

Interactions Between Sodium Oleate and Polyoxyethylene Ether and the Application in the Low-Temperature Flotation of Scheelite at 283 K

The poor collecting performance of fatty acids at low temperatures is a problem in mineral flotation. In this study, the floatability of scheelite at 283 K was studied using sodium oleate and binary mixtures of sodium oleate and lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (MOA-9) as the collector, and interactions between the two surfactants at 283 K were investigated by the means of surface tension and steady state fluorescence measurements. The flotation experiment results show that the collecting performance of the mixed anonic/nonionic collector is stronger than that of single surfactant, and the best molar ratio of sodium oleate to MOA-9 is 10:1 at pH 10. The surface tension results show that the critical micelle concentration value of sodium oleate, MOA-9 and the binary solution is about 2 × 10^?4, 2.5 × 10^?4, and 1.2 × 10^?4 mol/l, respectively. Compared with single surfactants, the mixture exhibits better surface activities since it is more efficient at decreasing the air–water surface tension. The steady state fluorescence results indicate that the hydrophobic parts of MOA-9 molecules insert into the hydrophobic region of sodium oleate micelles to form larger and less compact mixed micelles. The decrease in zeta potential of scheelite treated with the mixed collector indicates the presence of MOA-9 can enhance the chemical adsorption of sodium oleate on the scheelite surface. Therefore, the mixed anonic/nonionic collector can enhance the flotation behavior of scheelite at 283 K.