Pseudorotor-flux-oriented control of an induction machine fordeep-bar-effect compensation

In an induction machine with deep rotor bars, the rotor parameters change due to skin effect and saturation, and the skin effect is often modeled as a ladder network. For the high-performance drive of an induction machine with deep bars, many sophisticated control strategies and machine models have been discussed. As a control strategy, a complicated airgap flux-oriented control scheme is mostly adopted, because it is not possible to define a unique rotor flux in the deep bar model. However, a unique pseudorotor flux can be defined, and it is straightforward to achieve independent control of pseudorotor flux and torque. This control scheme can be applied to any nth multiple ladder network. In this paper, it is shown how a deep-bar effect of an induction machine can be negligible by performing the proper field-oriented control. By using the concept of pseudorotor flux, the conventional rotor-flux-oriented control using equivalent rotor parameters is effective for deep-bar and/or double-cage machines. The actual insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter systems with a high-precision torque transducer are implemented and thoroughly tested on a 250 hp induction machine and a 5.5 kW double-cage induction machine to confirm their validity     

感应电动机的综合方法研究

传统的感应电动机综合方法以容量为加权因子进行综合计算。根据电磁�滑差特性曲线的特点,提出了改进的感应电动机分组方法。根据感应电动机的参数对感应电动机的加权因子进行修正,提出了改进的感应电动机综合方法。仿真计算结果表明,与传统方法相比,上述感应电动机的分组方法和综合方法可以提高负荷模型中感应电动机的计算精度。     

感应电动机负荷暂态模型的参数填补方法及典型参数分析

电力系统中存在大量参数各异的感应电动机负荷,为研究其类型及相关参数的分布特征,以文献调研获得的224台电动机负荷模型参数为基础,以电动机模型在暂态仿真中的差异为依据,进行了深入分析。首先,针对调研所得模型参数中机械转矩系数和初始滑差大量缺失的问题,分别通过K最近邻填补方法、负载率或临界滑差予以填补;其次,针对不同电动机暂态响应的差异,以仿真所得的电动机暂态功率曲线为聚类依据,采用K均值算法,获得了7类暂态特征各异的电动机,并分析了7类电动机的参数分布特征。所得的7类典型参数值补充了IEEE和国家电网有限公司推荐的电动机参数集,为感应电动机负荷模型的典型参数取值提供了参考依据。     

电力系统负荷聚合方法研究

在暂态稳定仿真中所用的负荷模型和参数对仿真精度的影响很大,尤其是感应电动机的模型参数。为了获取感应电动机模型参数,多采用基于容量加权的参数聚合法,但它没有考虑滑差的影响,也没有有效的计及供、配电网络的影响。采用考虑计及负载率和临界滑差的改进容量加权法来聚合感应电动机负荷,利用当前电力系统多数据源的状况来计及供配电网络的影响。结果表明,方案简单可行,易于实现。     

Generalized modeling and unbalanced fault simulation of saturated self-excited induction generators

The paper presents a generalized unified electromechanical current and flux models of self-excited induction generators. A k-factor saturation method is used to account for magnetic saturation in the previous model. A neutral connection through impedance is included for equivalent Park models of wye connected induction generators. Numerical modeling of self-excited induction generator unbalanced transients according to machine grounding systems is proposed. To illustrate application examples, transient performances during unbalanced short-circuit tests of single-cage, double-cage and deep-bar rotor type induction generators are simulated and discussed.     

基于出厂数据的电动机仿真模型参数计算方法

提出基于感应电动机的出厂数据(如额定功率、额定功率因数、最大转矩倍数和转子转速等)估算适用于电力系统机电暂态仿真的电动机单笼模型参数的方法。该算法充分考虑了电动机的转矩–滑差物理机制特性,其收敛特性好、鲁棒性强。通过计算15台实际电动机的单笼模型参数,分析它们的电磁转矩–滑差特性,并与其出厂数据值进行对比,结果表明,根据算法计算的模型参数用于模拟电动机的机电暂态特性具有较高的精度,证明了算法的有效性。最后通过动模实验与数值仿真对比,进一步验证了所提算法的有效性和适用性。     

Experimental High-Frequency Parameter Identification of AC Electrical Motors

In order to predict conducted electromagnetic interference in inverter-motor drive systems, high-frequency (HF) motor models are requested and the involved parameters have to be available. In previous studies, the authors have presented an accurate HF model for induction motors and they have defined the procedures to identify the model parameters. In this paper, these results are extended to several types and sizes of industrial ac motors such as induction, synchronous reluctance (without interior permanent magnets), and brushless motors. The model parameter-identification procedure has been improved, and it is based on a least-squares data fitting applied to the measured magnitude and phase-frequency-response curves of the phase-to-ground and the phase-to-neutral impedances. The aim of this paper is to provide quick indications to select the suitable values of the HF model parameters, with reference to the size and type of the ac motor, to evaluate the HF voltage and current components in inverted-fed ac motor systems     

Rapid parameter determination for induction motor analysis and control

This paper describes the implementation of a rapid online parameter determination method for three-phase induction motors. The technique is based on data sampling during a normal run-up-to-speed test. The method has been refined such that even the normal locked-rotor and synchronous speed data are measured during the run-up test. Furthermore the technique takes into account rotor parameter variations with frequency due to skin effect (mainly due to double-cage or deep-bar rotor), and other nonlinear imperfections such as heating and main flux path saturation. Moreover, the monitoring system, capable of identifying three-phase RMS voltage and current, power, power factor, and speed within one or two sampling periods of less than a few hundred microseconds each, can be used for condition monitoring of any three-phase electrical drive system and can be permanently or temporarily connected to such a system for diagnosis.     

Comparative Study of Dynamic Mathematical Models for Deep-Bar Rotor Induction Machine

ABSTRACT

The paper is concerned with the problem of mathematical modelling of the deep-bar rotor induction machine. Two kinds of models were analysed in this paper. The multiple-rotor circuit modal with constant parameters was presented in which the rotor circuit was replaced by a finite number of R-L sections. The method of determining of section parameters for trapezoidal rotor bars on the basis of Riccati differential equation solution was demonstrated. Then the one-rotor circuit model with parameters changing in function of the motor slip was analysed. The method of the equivalent circuit parameters determining on the base of motor nominal data for any rotor bar shape rectangular or trapezoidal was presented. Proposed models were used for simulation of asynchronous motor transients. Results of the digital simulation and laboratory tests were discussed and presented mathematical models were compared.     

异步电动机参数的动态辨识

本文利用一种带有多重次优渐消因子的卡尔曼滤波方法,对以磁链为状态变量的异步电动机的双线性非线性的数学模型中的状态及参数进行了估计.仿真结果表明,这种方法具有很好的抗发散性,而且状态及参数估计精度也很高,是一种行之有效的异步电动机参数的动态辨识方法.     

感应电动机动态特性与电压骤降的相互影响

基于不对称电压骤降推导了感应电动机电磁和机械回路方程,并结合电压骤降过程,分析了感应电动机动态特性和电压骤降的相互影响。运用电力系统计算机辅助设计和电磁暂态模拟程序软件（power systemcomputer aided design and electric magnetic transient in DC system,PSCAD/EMTDC）建立仿真模型来计算感应电动机的动态特性对电压骤降波形、电压骤降幅值和持续时间等特征参数的影响,以及不对称和对称电压骤降对感应电动机的母线电流、转速和电磁转矩等特性的影响。仿真结果表明感应电动机动态特性与电压骤降之间是一种动态的关系：感应电动机的动态特性会使电压骤降波形发生畸变,造成电压骤降幅值和持续时间等特征参数发生变化,而电压骤降也会造成感应电动机母线电流、转速和电磁转矩等特性发生变化。     

A COMPANION CIRCUIT MODEL OF INDUCTION MOTORS

ABSTRACT

The theory of a companion circuit model of the induction motor is presented. The model comprises an independent current source in parallel with a constant resistance. Accuracy of problem solutions is the same as that obtained from conventional models, but the time of solution is much shorter. This stems from the combined consideration given to the problem formulation and its solution. A companion circuit model can include extra sets of machine coils such as those needed to represent deep-bar effects. Conventional motor models are adequate for single-machine, transient studies. It is for multi-machine studies that the companion circuit concept provides advantages for formulation and solution.     

基于自适应内模控制的异步电机电流调节

提 出了异步电机矢量控制中定子电流的自适应内模控制（ＩＭＣ）及调节器的设计方法。首先,根据ＩＭＣ原理设计异步电机电流调节器,用矩阵奇异值分析了ＩＭＣ电流调节器的鲁棒性,然后用最小二乘法对模型参数进行辨识。最后将其应用于异步电机转子磁场定向的矢量控制中。通过对电流调节器传递矩阵函数的仿真及用ＤＳＰ实现的异步电机矢量控制运行实验,验证了自适应ＩＭＣ电流调节器的良好性能。     

五相异步电动机的设计与参数计算

五相异步电动机的研究基础在于五相异步电动机的设计、制造及参数计算。给出了一台小型五相异步电动机的设计方案并完成了样机制造,建立了五相异步电动机的多回路数学模型,并针对样机完成了相关参数计算,以试验与仿真数据验证了上述工作的正确性。     

异步电机并联运行磁场定向控制

针对两台电机参数和负载不一致的情形,在原有单台电机磁场定向矢量控制模型的基础上,推导出适合一个逆变器控制两台电机的磁场定向控制模型.该方法考虑了电机参数的不同及电机定子电流的不一致,基于转子平均磁链进行定向,以两台电机的定子平均电流为控制目标,定子电流的d轴分量控制平均转子磁链,q轴分量控制平均电磁转矩.理论分析、仿真结果和实验结果表明了该控制方法的正确性和可行性.     

Improved cage rotor models for vector controlled induction motors

Variations in motor model parameters lead to the detuning of vector controllers which, in turn, cause a deterioration in performance, particularly during transient and field weakening operation. Parameter adaptation schemes seek to change the model parameters based on observed performance, but are still based around a simple model for the machine which is not adequately representative. Improved motor models, based on deeper phenomenological understanding of the machine offer a viable alternative. In this paper, the authors present a model which enables rotor leakage and main flux path saturation and deep-bar effects to be taken into account. The model is verified experimentally using a 7.5-kW 4-pole motor, mounted on a piezoelectric force table which enables transient torques to be measured     

计及负载率和临界滑差的改进感应电动机加权聚合

在暂态稳定仿真中所用的等值感应电动机的模型参数对仿真精度的影响很大。为了获取这些参数,大多采用基于容量加权的模型参数聚合法。感应电动机群中的各电动机初始滑差不同对聚合结果有重要影响,而该初始滑差由负载率和临界滑差联合决定。文中据此提出了利用负载率和临界滑差来修正的感应电动机加权聚合法。算例表明,依据该方法所聚合出的等值感应电动机能更好地模拟原感应电动机群对暂态稳定性的影响。研究还表明,由于实际系统中参与聚合的感应电动机个数很多,且其负载率分布具有随机性,用统计综合法得到的等值感应电动机模型参数基本可用。     

Harmonic modeling of induction motors

The paper proposes an induction motor model for the study of harmonic load flow in balanced and unbalanced conditions. The parameters of this model are obtained from motor manufacturer data and the positive- and negative-sequence equivalent circuits of the single- and double-cage models. An approximate harmonic model based on motor manufacturer data only is also proposed. In addition, the paper includes manufacturer data and the calculated parameters of 36 induction motors of different rated powers. This database is used to analyze the proposed models.     

基于同调性的电动机动态聚合方法

电动机参数对电力系统仿真精度具有突出的影响,文中提出了一种电动机的动态聚合方法.该方法直接从电动机的机电模型出发,以机电模型方程中的时间常数等系数与初始滑差组成特征向量,采用模糊聚类方法将电动机进行分组;然后,对每组中电动机机电模型微分方程中的系数加权平均,得到一个聚合电动机三阶机电模型微分方程中的系数;最后,根据等值前后电动机吸收的有功、无功不变的准则,计算得到聚合后电动机的所有阻抗、初始滑差、惯性时间参数.算例表明该方法在动态过程中的误差较小,能够提高仿真精度.     

感应电机定子温度场的数值计算

针对中小型感应电机结构复杂热模型难以建立的问题,以一台小型感应电机为例,采用有限元方法,建立了电机的二维温度场数值计算模型。给出了定子二维温度场计算的泛函以及相关热性能参数的计算方法;计算了不同负载运行时样机定子的稳态温度场。计算结果与实测值的比较,验证了所采用计算模型及方法的合理性。该电机温度场计算模型可以应用到其他同类电机定子温度场的计算与分析。在该温度场计算模型的基础上,分析比较了机壳散热翅高度的变化对电机定子温度场的影响,研究了气隙温度对定子温度场的影响。