非晶合金NiB/MCM-41催化合成3-(N-苄基)氨基-4-甲氧基乙酰苯胺

用负载型非晶合金NiB/MCM-41中孔分子筛催化剂将3-氨基-4-甲氧基乙酰苯胺与苯甲醛缩合加氢制备3-(N-苄基)-氨基-4-甲氧基乙酰苯胺,产物收率95%以上,比采用Raney Ni收率提高12%,较SiO2载体制成的催化剂收率提高5%。研究表明,中孔结构有利于减少体积较大分子的内扩散效应,发挥负载型非晶合金的高活性、选择性和稳定性。采用该催化剂合成3-(N-苄基)-氨基-4-甲氧基乙酰苯胺的适宜条件为:催化剂中Ni负载量w(Ni)=10%,n(AMA)∶n(BAD)=1∶1.1,m(cat)/m(AMA)=2.5%,反应温度55~65℃,反应压力1.2 MPa。     

反-4-(反-4′-正丙基环己基)-环己基甲醛的合成与表征

以反-4-(4'-正丙基环己基)-苯甲醛丙二醇缩醛为起始原料,经加氢、酸解及异构化反应得到纯度98%以上的反-4-(反-4'-正丙基环己基)-环己基甲醛,总收率为39.2%,目标化合物的结构经1HNMR、IR及GC-MS确认。探讨了反-4-(4'-正丙基环己基)-苯甲醛丙二醇缩醛加氢的反应条件,实验表明,以钌/碳为催化剂,乙醇为反应溶剂,当m[反-4-(4'-正丙基环己基)-苯甲醛丙二醇缩醛]∶m(钌/碳)=1∶0.09,加氢压力为3.5 MPa,反应温度为35~40℃时,反应效果最佳。     

异戊二烯选择性加氢非负载Ni-Mo催化剂的制备与性能

以柠檬酸为络合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了非负载Ni-Mo复合氧化物催化剂,采用N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)等手段对催化剂进行表征,以含体积分数1%异戊二烯的正辛烷溶液为模拟原料,在连续固定床上考察了Mo与Ni物质的量之比和溶剂量对催化剂二烯烃选择性加氢性能的影响。结果表明:溶胶-凝胶法制备的Ni-Mo复合氧化物催化剂具有较高比表面、分散性和双介孔结构,当Mo与Ni物质的量之比为0.6和每摩尔Ni和Mo所用溶剂量为480 mL时,Ni-Mo复合氧化物催化剂活性较高。     

反-4-(反-4'-正丙基环己基)-环己基乙烯的新法合成

以反-4-(反-4'-丙基环己基)-1-氯环己烷和氯乙烯镁格式试剂为起始原料,经格氏偶联反应合成纯度99%以上的反-4-(反-4'-正丙基环己基)-环己基乙烯。考察了不同催化剂、料比及反应温度对偶联反应的影响,并探讨了三氯化铁催化偶联反应的机理。实验表明,以三氯化铁为催化剂,当n[反-4-(反-4'-丙基环己基)-1-氯环己烷]∶n(三氯化铁)∶n(氯乙烯镁)=0.1∶0.004 9∶0.2,反应温度为20³0℃时反应效果最佳。     

4-(反-4-正丙基环己基)环己基甲酸的研制

以10%的NaOH水溶液为反应介质,Ni+Ru/C为催化剂,4-(反-4-正丙基环己基)苯甲酸(3HPA)进行加氢反应合成了4-(反-4-正丙基环己基)环己基甲酸(3HHA)。研究了工艺条件对3HHA顺反式的影响,得出最佳合成反应条件:m(Ru/C):m(Ni):m(3HPA)=1:20:100,反应温度180℃,反应压力5MPa。3HPA的转化率接近100%,转型顺/反比例达99:1。     

合成四氢噻吩非负载Ni-Mo催化剂的制备与表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了非负载Ni-Mo复合氧化物催化剂,采用N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线能谱(EDS)和H_2程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)等手段对催化剂进行了表征。在连续流动固定床反应器上,以环丁砜体积分数为10%的乙基苯溶液为原料加氢脱氧合成四氢噻吩为探针反应,考察了不同Mo和Ni的物质的量之比对含硫氧化合物选择性加氢脱氧性能的影响。结果表明:采用溶胶-凝胶法可制备较高比表面积催化剂,活性组分Ni和Mo发生相互作用形成了复合氧化物Ni MoO_4;随着Mo和Ni的物质的量之比的增大,催化剂表面的活性组分Mo的含量先增大后减小,在Mo和Ni的物质的量之比为0.6时,催化剂表面的Mo含量最高,其催化性能较好,该催化剂在230℃,0.3 MPa和液时空速为1 h-1的条件下,环丁砜转化率为91.3%,四氢噻吩选择性为84.1%。     

深共融溶剂中电沉积Ni-Mo合金及其催化析氢性能

在深共融溶剂体系中电沉积制备了Ni-Mo合金.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)及电化学测试对Ni-Mo合金形貌、结构及性能进行了表征.SEM、XRD测试结果表明,Ni-Mo合金为纳米晶结构,平均晶粒尺寸约为2.2 nm;镀层表面微观粗糙度较大,Mo的质量分数约为5%.阴极极化曲线测试结果表明,当电流密度为0.1 A·cm^-2时,深共融溶剂中制备的Ni-Mo合金电极析氢电位比水溶液中制备的Ni-Mo合金电极正移约100 mV,相比纯Ni电极正移近250 mV.     

甲醇羰基化双组分催化剂表征研究

采用浸渍法制备了Ni/AC单组分催化剂和Ni-Mo/AC双组分催化剂,用固定床催化反应器评价了催化剂性能,实验证明Ni-Mo/AC可使甲醇的转化率达到93.86%,羰化产物收率达到62.71%。通过XRD、XPS、BET等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,少量Mo的加入,改变了Ni的表面状态以及Ni与活性炭之间的相互作用,Mo与Ni相互作用形成催化活性中心。Mo主要作为结构型助剂,可使NiO易于还原,增加了羰化活性中心数量,提高了催化剂的活性。     

二环[2.2.1]庚烷-2,3-二羧酸二钠的合成及表征

以用量为原料质量24.33％的380～830?μm的Raney?Ni为催化剂,在常温常压条件下对二环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2,3-二羧酸二钠进行加氢,反应时间90?min,得到聚丙烯成核剂二环[2.2.1]庚烷-2,3-二羧酸二钠,收率达90％以上.在同样条件下,将50％(w)的再生催化剂与50％(w)的新鲜催化剂...     

钙钛矿太阳能电池中含三苯胺线形空穴传输材料的性能研究

为寻找适用于钙钛矿电池中的空穴传输材料,运用Marcus电荷转移理论和量子化学方法,研究了4种典型含三苯胺的线形空穴传输材料N,N,N',N'-四苯基-1,1'-联苯-4,4'-二胺(TPBA)、N,N'-二(3-甲基苯基-N,N'-二苯基-1,1'-联苯-4,4'-二胺(TPD)、N,N'-二苯基-N,N'-(1-萘基)-1,1'-联苯-4,4'-二胺(NPB)和4,4'-二咔唑基-1,1'-联苯(CBP)的空穴传输性质随着结构改变的变化规律。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。