芳纶水解处理及对ABS/芳纶复合材料性能影响

采用水解反应对芳纶1414(PPTA)进行了表面处理。制备了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)/PPTA,研究了PPTA水解处理时间对ABS/PPTA拉伸性能和弯曲性能的影响,分析了水解处理对ABS/PPTA微观结构的影响。结果表明,经过水解处理的PPTA部分酰胺键断裂,生成了—OH,且其表面粗糙,形成了浅沟槽;水解处理提高了PPTA与ABS树脂的相容性,改善了ABS/PPTA的力学性能。当PPTA水解处理时间为18h时,ABS/PPTA的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率比未水解处理的分别提高了9.2%和57%,弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别达到76.24 MPa和3.40 GPa。     

玻纤增强ABS复合材料的制备及性能

以丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)及玻璃纤维(GF)为原料,以环氧树脂作为界面相容剂,研究了界面相容剂对玻璃纤维增强ABS复合材料力学性能及界面粘接的影响.结果表明:加入环氧树脂,玻纤增强ABS复合材料的力学性能明显提高;随着玻纤质量分数的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度均逐渐增加;玻纤质量分数为30%时,GF/ABS/环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸强度比未改性的复合材料的拉伸强度提高了30%,弯曲强度提高了25%,冲击强度也提高了50%.     

橡胶含量对ABS树脂性能的影响

采用聚丁二烯接枝苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(PB-g-SAN)与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)熔融共混,制备了一系列丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚树脂(ABS),考察了橡胶含量对该ABS树脂物理力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着橡胶含量的增加,ABS树脂的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、熔体流动速率、热变形温度、密度和硬度均有所降低,而缺口冲击强度和断裂伸长率提高。因此可通过调节橡胶含量来制备具有不同物理力学性能的ABS树脂,以满足不同的应用需要。     

高模量高抗冲聚丙烯复合材料的制备及性能研究

通过熔融共混法研究了乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)、滑石粉和高密度聚乙烯(PE-HD)的含量对高模量、高抗冲聚丙烯(PP)复合材料力学性能、结晶行为、热分解行为以及相态的影响。结果表明,PP与POE的黏度比越小,PP/POE复合材料的韧性越好;当PP/POE/滑石粉/PE-HD复合材料的质量比为13/4/12/3时,综合力学性能最佳;相比纯PP,复合材料的弯曲模量提高了60.1%,缺口冲击强度提高了435.9%,拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别降低了27.4%和17.4%;PE-HD能够增强PP与POE的界面相互作用,提高复合材料的韧性;加入滑石粉和PE-HD均可提高复合材料的起始分解温度以及最大热失重速率温度,提高了复合材料的热稳定性。     

ABS/Nano-ATH复合材料性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备出了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)/纳米氢氧化铝(nano-ATH)复合材料,研究了nano-ATH的用量对复合材料力学性能和阻燃性能的影响,并利用扫描电镜分析了nano-ATH在ABS基体中的分散情况。结果表明:随着nano-ATH用量的增加,ABS/nano-ATH复合材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度均是先升后降,分别在nano-ATH含量为10%和5%时达到最大值;nano-ATH的加入可以提高ABS复合材料的阻燃性能和弯曲模量,但随其用量的增加,nano-ATH在ABS基体中的分散性逐渐变差。     

不同改性剂对ABS复合材料力学性能的影响

通过在丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)中添加不同的改性剂制备ABS复合材料。采用动态力学分析仪,扫描电子显微镜等分析了不同改性剂对ABS复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:与未改性的ABS相比,ABS/苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)复合材料的拉伸强度为51.5 MPa,提高了6.8%;SMA作为相容剂提高了热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)粒子与ABS树脂之间的界面黏结强度,使得ABS/SMA/TPU复合材料的力学性能得以提高,其拉伸强度达到52.2 MPa,ABS/SMA/ABS高胶粉复合材料的冲击强度为29.3 kJ/m~2,提高了34.4%,综合力学性能较为理想。     

PVC/MBS/埃洛石纳米管复合材料的制备及其性能

采用熔融共混法制备了聚氯乙烯(PVC)/甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(MBS)/埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)三元复合材料,研究了HNTs对PVC/MBS共混体系力学性能、热性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明:HNTs与MBS可协同增韧PVC,使复合材料的强度和刚性得到改善,当HNTs的填充量为3 phr时,PVC/MBS(100/3)共混体系的冲击强度、拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别提高了57.7%、12.1%、7.6%和45.9%;其冲击断面呈现韧性断裂特征;TEM观察结果发现,HNTs在PVC/MBS共混体系中具有良好的分散状态;热失重分析显示,HNTs对PVC/MBS共混体系热稳定性的提高能起到一定作用。     

氧化丙烯共聚二醇改性苯并噁嗪树脂及其玻纤布复合材料低温性能

为了提高玻璃纤维布/苯并噁嗪树脂复合材料的低温力学性能,以氧化丙烯共聚二醇为改性剂,采用溶液共混改性的方法,制得了改性苯并噁嗪树脂。通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析、傅立叶红外变换吸收光谱(FT-IR)、以及热失重分(TGA)研究了氧化丙烯共聚二醇对树脂基体的微观形貌、改性机制和热稳定性的影响,并以万能力学试验机测试了复合材料的力学性能。研究发现:加入氧化丙烯共聚二醇使树脂韧性明显提高,同时使复合材料的力学性能显著提高,当氧化丙烯共聚二醇的加入量为20%(质量分数)时,复合材料在25℃和-70℃时的层间剪切强度分别提高了27.9%和32.1%,弯曲强度分别提高了12.2%和44.2%,弯曲模量分别提高了17.6%和22.9%,但热稳定性略有降低。     

PA6/ABS共混物性能研究

将聚酰胺6（PA6）与市售的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）树脂共混,制备PA6/ABS共混物。研究了ABS树脂的用量对PA6/ABS共混物力学性能的影响;采用苯乙烯及丙烯腈共聚物（SAN）和ABS粉料熔融共混制得不同胶含量的ABS/SAN共混物。研究了不同胶含量的ABS/SAN共混物对PA6/ABS共混物力学性能的影响。在PA6/ABS/SAN共混物中引入苯乙烯-丙烯腈-马来酸酐共聚（SAM）树脂取代部分SAN树脂,研究了SAM树脂的加入及引入顺序的不同对共混物性能的影响。结果表明, ABS树脂的用量在50%～60%左右时共混物性能最佳。随ABS/SAN共混物胶含量提高,共混物的拉伸强度、弹性模量、弯曲强度和弯曲模量逐渐降低。随SAM树脂替代SAN量增加,共混物的拉伸和弯曲性能先降低后增加。但共混物熔体流动速率降低明显,而SAM树脂的引入顺序对共混物的力学性能影响不大。     

双马来酰亚胺改性氰酸酯树脂及其复合材料

制备了一种新型的双马来酰亚胺改性氰酸酯树脂以提高这类树脂的耐热性,力学性能及成型工艺性。对合成的树脂作了流变分析,对其玻纤复合材料进行了力学性能测试和热失重分析,结果表明,当双马树脂达到改性氰酸酯树脂的质量分数的37.5%时,新型改性氰酸酯树脂的5%热失重温度为432℃。改性氰酸酯基复合材料在常温条件下的拉伸强度为492.4 MPa,弯曲强度为526.3 MPa。在200℃时改性氰酸酯基复合材料的拉伸强度为357.3 MPa,弯曲强度为292.7 MPa。该树脂具有良好的加工性,耐热性,力学性能及高温力学保持性。     

超高相对分子质量PPTA树脂及其高模量芳纶的研究

对高相对分子质量聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(PPTA)树脂进行了表征,开展了添加超高相对分子质量PPTA树脂与普通相对分子质量PPTA树脂共混进行液晶纺丝得到高强度和高模量芳纶的结构表征与性能试验,同时对芳纶的力学性能与其PPTA树脂相对分子质量的关系进行了研究。结果表明,芳纶的力学性能与其PPTA聚合体的相对分子质量紧密相关,如果PPTA树脂的相对分子质量不够高,加上液晶纺丝和高模量热处理过程分子链的进一步降解,高模量芳纶的制备就无法实现。在系统研究PPTA聚合反应规律,特别是聚合诱导相互转变规律及其影响因素研究基础上,通过调控连续聚合的反应条件,在1 000 t/a连续聚合生产线上制备出比浓对数粘度高达9.2 dl/g的超高相对分子质量PPTA树脂;用超高相对分子质量PPTA树脂与通用级PPTA树脂(比浓对数粘度6.8 dl/g)混合进行纺丝,制备出高强度的芳纶,并进一步热处理得到高强度和高模量的芳纶。     

Polymer composite of rigid and flexible molecules: Blend systems of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) and ABS resin

Homogeneous coagulant of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and ABS resin was obtained by pouring the dimethylsulfoxide solution of N-sodium PPTA and ABS into acidic water. Transmission electron microscopic observation proved that PPTA was dispersed in the matrix in a form of microfibril with a diameter of 10–30 nm. The T_g of the resin component in ABS shifted to higher temperatures with increasing fraction of PPTA. Stress-strain behavior of the polymer composite showed increased tensile modulus and strength with addition of PPTA. The transition temperature from brittle to ductile fracture, however, shifted to higher temperature resulting in lower extensibility. Incorporation of the block copolymer of PPTA and polybutadiene into ABS improved the ultimate extensibility, i.e., increased toughness was provided compared with the simple composite systems of ABS and PPTA microfibrils. Scanning electron microscopic observation showed that the polymer composite made with the block copolymer generated many crazes upon deformation, while the composite with PPTA homopolymer fractured without remarkable craze formation. Thus, a new type of thermoplastic with improved mechanical properties was obtained by use of PPTA block copolymer as compatibilizer.     

双转子连续挤出机掺混工艺对ABS树脂性能的影响

运用自主研发的双转子连续挤出机探究了掺混工艺对苯乙烯-丙烯腈-丁二烯（ABS）树脂力学性能的影响;借助Polyflow模拟软件分析了掺混工艺对设备混合能力的影响;通过对ABS树脂流变和微观结构的表征,探讨了掺混工艺对橡胶粒子微观形貌的影响。结果表明,随着螺杆转速的增加,设备分散和分布混合能力提高,橡胶粒子的团聚现象减弱,分布均匀性提高,当螺杆转速为400 r/min时,ABS树脂的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击强度分别提高了16.8 %、15.4 %、30.7 %和7.7 %;当螺杆转速为500 r/min时,在剧烈的剪切作用下,橡胶粒子发生内接枝,导致ABS树脂的力学性能与螺杆转速为400 r/min时的力学性能相比,分别下降了7.6 %、7.5 %、21.8 %和32.6 %。     

玻璃微珠对PVC/ABS合金材料性能的影响

研究了未经表面处理和用硅烷偶联剂进行表面处理的玻璃微珠(GB)的填充量对PVC/ABS合金材料力学性能、热性能和加工性能的影响。结果表明:玻璃微珠的加入使PVC/ABS合金材料的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度大大降低,但是复合材料的加工性能和维卡软化温度得到改善。     

几种加工助剂在聚丙烯基木塑复合材料中的应用对比

研究了3种加工助剂对聚丙烯(PP)基木塑复合材料物理力学性能和加工性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的冲击断面进行了分析。结果表明,在一定用量范围内,芳香族碳氢化合物(S-105)和改性烷基酚醛树脂(TKM-M80)能够提高木粉在PP基体中的分散性,改善基体与木粉之间的相容性,从而提高PP基木塑复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量和加工性能;脂肪醇和脂肪酸酯的混合物(Deoflow A)能够明显提高木粉在PP基体中的分散性和复合材料的加工性能,但用量较大时对复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量有不利影响。     

EP/BMI树脂基碳纤维复合材料的制备与性能表征

以环氧树脂(EP)、双马来酰亚胺(BMI)、4,4’-二氨基二苯砜(DDS)和短切碳纤维(SCF)等为主要原料制备了EP/BMI/DDS/SCF复合材料,并研究了SCF添加量对复合材料力学性能和热性能的影响。结果表明,当SCF添加量为0.25 %(质量分数,下同)时,EP/BMI/DDS/SCF复合材料的力学性能提高最大,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度比未添加SCF时的EP/BMI/DDS复合材料分别提高了48.52 %、32.15 %、25.77 %以及150.91 %;此外,SCF的加入有助于提高复合材料的热性能。     

Short glass fiber reinforced ABS and ABS/PA6 composites: Processing and characterization

In this study acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) terpolymer was reinforced with 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS)‐treated short glass fibers (SGFs). The effects of SGF concentration and extrusion process conditions, such as the screw speed and barrel temperature profile, on the mechanical properties of the composites were examined. Increasing the SGF concentration in the ABS matrix from 10 wt% to 30 wt% resulted in improved tensile strength, tensile modulus and flexural modulus, but drastically lowered the strain‐at‐break and the impact strength. The average fiber length decreased when the concentration of glass fibers increased. The increase in screw speed decreased the average fiber length, and therefore the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength were affected negatively and the strain‐at‐break was affected positively. The increase in extrusion temperature decreased the fiber length degradation, and therefore the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength increased. At higher temperatures the ABS matrix degraded and the mechanical strength of the composites decreased. To obtain a strong interaction at the interface, polyamide‐6 (PA6) at varying concentrations was introduced into the ABS/30 wt% SGF composite. The incorporation and increasing amount of PA6 in the composites broadened the fiber length distribution (FLD) owing to the low melt viscosity of PA6. Tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and impact strength values increased with an increase in the PA6 content of the ABS/PA6/SGF systems due to the improved adhesion at the interface, which was confirmed by the ratio of tensile strength to flexural strength as an adhesion parameter. These results were also supported by scanning electron micrographs of the ABS/PA6/SGF composites, which exhibited an improved adhesion between the SGFs and the ABS/PA6 matrix. POLYM. COMPOS. 26:745–755, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers     

E-TMB中弹性体含量对HDPE/E-TMB共混物性能的影响

以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)为基体树脂,(乙烯/丙烯)共聚物和(苯乙烯/丁二烯)共聚物为增韧剂研制出5种弹性体含量不同的聚乙烯增韧母料(E-TMB),将E-TMB与HDPE热机械共混制得弹性体总含量均为6.3%的5种HDPE/E-TMB共混物,研究了E-TMB中弹性体含量对共混物力学性能和热性能的影响。结果表明,当E-TMB中弹性体含量为44%时,共混物的综合力学性能最好,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度是HDPE的5.65倍,拉伸屈服强度和弯曲弹性模量保留率分别为90.8%和73.7%;共混物的熔点和热分解温度随E-TMB中弹性体含量的增加而升高,结晶温度随E-TMB中弹性体含量的增加而降低。     

Influence of Recycled ABS Added to Virgin Polymers on the Physical,Mechanical Properties and Molding Characteristics

Reuse of recycled polymers is steadily increasing. In this study, two different ABS virgin materials are considered. Then, blends of varying proportions of ABS recycled resins (0–50%), obtained from the gate and runner materials of products, was added to virgin resin to investigate the effect of various compositions of virgin ABS and recycled polymers on the physical and mechanical properties of the final blend. Three different rib and closure organization of boss of the reinforcement structures were designed and injection molded under blends of varying proportions of the ABS recycled resins to do the torsion test by Air-Torsion tools. In addition, molding characteristics were also examined. The results show that there is no obvious effect of recycled ABS percentage (by weight) on the tensile strength, elongation at yield, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength. However, the torsion strength for rib and closure organization of boss of the reinforcement structures decrease with increasing recycled ABS weight percentage. On the other hand, hardness, glass transition temperature, and melting flow index of recycled ABS increase with as the percentage (by weight) of recycled material increase. The impact strength was found to vary with the recycled ABS loading. The injection pressure decreases with increasing the content of recycled resin under some specified molding conditions.