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随着市场竞争的日益加剧,企业要在竞争中保持强劲竞争优势、立于不败之地就必须不断开发新产品并成功投入市场,文章首先介绍了新产品开发研究现状,分析了制造企业新产品开发的特点,并根据此特点设计了一套针对大型制造企业的新产品开发决策系统,该系统解决了新产品开发过程中涉及的盈亏分析、风险预测、产品生命周期评价及开发资源优化调度等问题,有助于企业在新产品开发过程中及时把握市场、顾客、技术等重要因素,科学、合理的进行决策评价,从而提高新产品开发的成功率. 相似文献
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采用生命周期评价方法对锌冶炼过程中的两种污酸处置工艺进行评价和对比。结果表明,气液硫化法的环境影响主要为人体毒性、非生物资源耗竭和全球变暖潜值,这些环境问题主要由中和-蒸发-结晶与电渗析单元造成;同时传统石灰石中和法中的硫化单元也是环境影响的主要来源,且石灰石中和法的总环境影响比气液硫化法高很多。结合敏感性分析发现,气液硫化法和石灰石中和法敏感度因子均为电和硫化钠(60%),且石灰石中和法处置单位污酸的总成本约为气液硫化法的27倍。 相似文献
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本文基于生命周期评价理论,将泳池分布式能源系统以及常规能源系统生命周期划分为建设、使用、回收三个阶段,将三个阶段的数据清单搜集完整,并利用GaBi软件计算出生命周期环境影响,数据分析显示分布式能源系统大大地减少了灰霾污染物及温室气体的排放.建设阶段PVC、电、柴油、304不锈钢排放分别约占28.3%、16.1%、10.... 相似文献
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原镁及镁合金生产的环境影响分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用生命周期评价方法(Life Cycle Assessment,LCA),并结合镁工业在节能降耗方面的技术进展,定量评价了2009年我国原镁和镁合金生产过程的资源、能源消耗及其主要污染物的排放。研究表明,我国皮江法炼镁在提高能源利用效率和环保治理等方面取得了长足的进步,特别是还原过程节能技术的应用对于污染物减排起到了关键作用。与2005年相比较,2009年原镁过程的不可再生资源消耗和温室效应均有显著的降低。其中,温室效应的影响与2005年相比下降了约三分之一。通过系统边界的延伸,进一步研究了气体保护法生产AM60镁合金的环境负荷,并分析了原镁和原铝在镁合金生产过程中的环境负荷积累效应。结果表明,原镁生产过程的环境负荷在镁合金生产的积累环境负荷中起到了决定性的影响。 相似文献
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Life cycle assessment of using powder and liquid precursors in plasma spraying: The case of yttria-stabilized zirconia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Plasma spraying using liquid precursors makes possible the production of finely-structured coatings and thin coatings. This technology has been investigated for nearly ten years in many laboratories and applications are now emerging, using conventional plasma equipment except for the feedstock injection system. While superior quality is expected from the nano-structured coatings, the question remains as to the impacts of using liquid precursors on the environment. In this study, we used the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to compare the conventional plasma spray process using powder feedstock, with injection of the precursor in the form of a liquid solution or suspension. The LCA methodology consists of identifying and comparing the environmental impacts of feedstock, energy inputs, products and emissions (solid, liquid and gaseous) of these two alternatives. The LCA study was carried out using the SimaPro program developed in the Netherlands and a peer-reviewed database of upstream materials and energy (EcoInvent v.2). The specific application studied was the plasma spraying of yttria-stabilized zirconia. 相似文献
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攀钢集团冶金工程技术有限公司实业开发分公司液压附件厂总结出了一套特有的工艺方法,产品质量日趋稳定。影响胶管总成使用寿命的因素有许多,原材料、胶管接头质量、扣压设备、扣压人员技术、外套变形量的多少、现场环境、胶管总成现场安装角度等。本文重点介绍外套变形量对胶管总成使用寿命的影响。 相似文献
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Nickel-based superalloys are easy to produce low cycle fatigue (LCF) damage when they are subjected to high temperature and mechanical stresses. Fatigue life prediction of nickel-based superalloys is of great importance for their reliable practical application. To investigate the effects of total strain and grain size on LCF behavior, the high temperature LCF tests were carried out for a nickel-based superalloy. The results show that the fatigue lives decreased with the increase of strain amplitude and grain size. A new LCF life prediction model was established considering the effect of grain size on fatigue life. Error analyses indicate that the prediction accuracy of the new LCF life model is higher than those of Manson-Coffin relationship and Ostergren energy method. 相似文献
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对我国锅炉钢管标准与ASME标准的分析及发展探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着超临界/超超临界火力发电机组蒸汽温度和压力的提高,对锅炉所用关键材料锅炉钢管的性能提出了更高的要求,而材料标准和技术条件是材料应用的载体,对照ASME标准可以看出,我国锅炉钢管标准在标准体系、标准水平和新材料纳标上存在很大差距;建立完善的、适合我国国情的锅炉钢管标准体系.提高标准水平,促进新型锅炉用钢管的国产化,是锅炉钢管标准今后发展的主要方向之一,也是我国超临界火力发电机组发展的关键所在。 相似文献
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The geometry of solder joint in SMT is one of the important factors which determine the solder joint reliability. In this study, a type of solder joint specimen has been designed and is subjected to thermal cycling to failure between -55℃ to 125℃ with a 36 ℃/min heating and cooling rate and 10 min temperature holding times. The solder joint geometry is castellated and controlled with different solder fillet shape and stand off height. A statistical analysis of the scattered thermal cycle lives of solder joints by two parameter Weibull's probability density function has been carried out in this paper. The experimental results show that the more reliable solder.joint geometry has flat or slight convex solder fillet with a stand off height larger than 0.1 mm. The results may be the recommended guideline to design optimal solder joint geometry. 相似文献
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本文针对LY2航空铝合金材料,利用爆轰波理论、材料的屈服强度理论计算了激光冲击的参数范围。在此基础上设计进行了试件激光冲击处理前后的低循环疲劳寿命实验,得出激光冲击强化可以显著提高LY2航空铝合金试件的低循环疲劳寿命的结果。最后从残余应力和微观组织结构变化两方面分析了LY2航空铝合金这种低循环疲劳性能改善的根本原因。 相似文献
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S. Ganesh Sundara Raman V. M. Radhakrishnan 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2004,13(1):88-92
Fatigue hardening and softening in materials result in different lives in low cycle fatigue, depending on the test mode. The
problem is discussed based on the cyclic stress-strain relation, and a suitable testing mode is suggested for the design of
structural parts, which are subjected to either constant load or constant displacement fatigue. 相似文献
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一个新的研究领域——生态环境材料 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
生态环境材料是最近几年提出来的一个材料研究新领域。本文简要介绍了生态环境材料概念的提出,它的紧迫性和必要性,目前的研究动向以及材料生态循环评估(LCA)等方面的情况。 相似文献
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