SiC_p/2024Al复合材料尺寸稳定化处理工艺研究

采用挤压铸造技术制备了体积分数为40%的SiCp/2024Al复合材料,采用TEM对不同尺寸稳定化处理条件下复合材料的微观组织进行了观察,并探讨了尺寸稳定化热处理工艺对复合材料拉伸性能的影响.TEM观察表明:由于SiC颗粒与2024Al基体的热膨胀系数不同,热错配的作用使冷热循环处理后基体中的位错密度增加,为S′相的形成提供了有利的形核部位,促进了S′相的析出,这两种因素都有利于提高复合材料的强度.室温拉伸测试结果表明:零次冷热循环热处理后的SiCp/2024Al复合材料拉伸强度比较好,两次冷热循环处理后复合材料的强度有所下降,但随着循环次数的增加,复合材料的强度逐渐增加;不同的冷热循环次数对于拉伸断裂方式和断口形貌无显著影响.     

高体积分数SiCp/7075Al复合材料的时效析出行为

高体积分数SiC颗粒增强7系铝基复合材料(SiCp/7XXXAl)具有高比强度比刚度等特点,因此适宜作为结构件在航空航天、汽车等领域应用。本文采用压力浸渗法制备了45vol.%的SiCp/7075Al复合材料,并对复合材料和基体合金的时效行为进行了系统的研究。DSC分析结果发现复合材料的η′相和η相的放热峰分别比基体7075合金降低了4.4℃和0.5℃。复合材料与7075铝合金达到峰时效的时间均为9h,峰时效时复合材料与基体7075铝合金的硬度分别提高了38.7%(从213.4到296HB)和107.6%(从98.2到203.9HB)。颗粒的加入使得基体中的位错密度显著增加,这有利于析出相的形核。但另一方面,合金元素在界面的偏聚会抑制析出相的析出。因此,SiCp/7075Al复合材料的析出行为是两方面共同作用的结果。     

高体积分数挤压铸造铝基复合材料时效特征

采用挤压铸造法制备40 ％SiC_P/LD2复合材料,并对其在不同温度下的时效特征进行了研究。结果表明,高体积分数SiC颗粒的加入带来的弥散强化作用,可以大幅度提高基体合金的硬度和强度,但区别于基体合金和低体积分数复合材料,复合材料本身时效强化效果不明显。高体积分数复合材料峰时效时间较低体积分数缩短,且随时效温度的提高峰时效时间缩短。低温时效时峰值硬度最高且时效动力学较基体合金提前幅度较大。在时效析出过程中,高体积分数复合材料G.P.区的形成受到完全抑制,而β'相热扩散激活能降低,易于析出。      

SiCP/AZ91复合材料的显微组织、力学性能及强化机制

通过搅拌铸造工艺制备出SiC_P体积分数分别为2%、5%、10%和15%的4种5 μm SiC_P/镁合金（AZ91）复合材料。对5 μm SiC_P/AZ91进行了固溶、锻造和热挤压。通过与AZ91对比,研究了SiC_P对AZ91基体热变形后显微组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：SiC_P/AZ91热变形后的晶粒尺寸取决于SiC_P的体积分数。SiC_P的体积分数由0%增加到10%时,SiC_P/AZ91热变形后的平均晶粒尺寸减小;当SiC_P颗粒继续增加到体积分数为15%时,平均晶粒尺寸反而增大。SiC_P的加入能显著提高AZ91的屈服强度和弹性模量,并随颗粒体积分数的增加而增大。SiC_P对AZ91基体的强化作用主要源于位错强化、细晶强化和载荷传递作用,其中,细晶强化对屈服强度的贡献最大。     

高体积分数SiCP/ Al 复合材料电子封装盒体的制备

采用注射成型方法制备了SiC_P封装盒体的预成型坯, 用压力浸渗方法将熔融铝浸渗到SiC_P封装盒体的预成型坯中, 制备出含SiC_P体积分数为65 %的SiC_P / Al 复合材料的封装盒体。SEM 观察表明, 经过压力浸渗后SiC_P / Al 复合材料组织均匀且致密化高, 室温热膨胀系数为8. 0 ×10-6 / K, 热导率接近130 W/ (m·K) , 密度为2198 g/ cm3 , 能够很好地满足电子封装的要求。      

基于双树复小波变换的SiCP/Al复合材料加工表面质量评价

SiC_P/Al复合材料切削加工表面存在大量的凸起、凹坑和沟槽等缺陷,获取表面粗糙度信息时易将缺陷信息计入到粗糙度中,从而影响加工表面质量的合理评价。为提取加工表面粗糙度信息,合理评价SiC_P/Al复合材料加工表面质量,提出一种基于双树复小波变换（DT-CWT）的滤波方法。采用最小二乘法、高斯滤波法和DT-CWT变换的滤波方法对已加工表面进行粗糙度提取,从稳定性及受缺陷影响程度两个方面对三种方法的粗糙度信息提取效果进行对比。结果表明：基于DT-CWT的滤波方法具有较高的稳定性,并能够更有效区分表面粗糙度及缺陷信息,更适于SiC_P/Al复合材料加工表面粗糙度信息提取。应用基于DT-CWT的滤波方法,对不同Al基体的SiC_P/Al复合材料切削加工表面质量评价的结果表明：SiC_P/2024Al复合材料表面质量明显优于SiC_P/6063Al复合材料。     

SiCP/ZL104泡沫复合材料的阻尼性能

对采用熔体直接发泡法制备的SiC_P /ZL104泡沫复合材料进行了阻尼性能和机理的分析。研究结果表明: 在孔径一定的条件下, SiC_P/ZL104泡沫复合材料室温下的阻尼性能表现为损耗因子随着孔隙率的增大呈非线性递增趋势, 且递增幅度越来越小; SiC_P/ZL104泡沫复合材料的阻尼性能好于相同孔隙率的泡沫铝、 SiC_P/ZL104复合材料和ZL104的阻尼性能; SiC_P/ZL104泡沫复合材料的损耗因子随着SiC_P含量的增加和SiC_P粒度的减小而增大。SiC_P/ZL104泡沫复合材料内部的气泡以及高密度位错对其阻尼性能的提高起主要作用。      

(SiCP/Cu)-铜箔叠层复合材料的制备与组织性能

采用浸涂法和热压烧结法制备了（SiC_P/Cu）-铜箔叠层复合材料,研究了SiC_P含量对材料组织结构、拉伸性能和断裂韧性的影响。结果表明,制备的（SiC_P/Cu）-铜箔叠层复合材料层间厚度均匀,界面结合力良好,增强颗粒SiC能够弥散分布于黏结相中和界面处。随着SiC_P体积分数的增加,（SiC_P/Cu）-铜箔叠层复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度都先增加后降低,当SiC_P的体积分数为20vol%（总体积为100）时,其抗拉强度和屈服强度达到最大值,分别为226.5 MPa和113.1 MPa,断裂方式主要为韧性断裂和部分脆性解理断裂。裂纹扩展方向平行于层界面时,材料的断裂韧性随SiC_P体积分数的增加略有减小,SiC_P体积分数为15%时达到最大值16.96 MPa·m^1/2;裂纹扩展方向垂直于层界面时,（SiC_P/Cu）-铜箔叠层复合材料的断裂韧性随SiC_P体积分数的增加逐渐减小,SiC_P体积分数为15%时达到最大值12.51 MPa·m^1/2。     

AlNp/LY1 2复合材料时效行为及微观组织

采用粒径为0.5μm和10μmAlN颗粒用挤压铸造法制备出两种体积分数为50％的AlNp/LY12复合材料,研究了两种材料的时效硬化行为及微观组织结构。结果表明：AlN颗粒的存在未改变基体合金的沉淀析出次序,但加速了基体合金的时效析出速率,且大颗粒的促进作用比小颗粒更明显。透射电镜观察表明,复合材料中基体内的位错密度高于基体LY12合金,并随增强体颗粒增大而增多,颗粒加入后引入的大量相界面和高密度位错是时效硬化速率加快的主要原因。     

SiC 和Gr 颗粒混杂增强Al 基复合材料的摩擦磨损特性的研究

比较了SiC 和Gr 颗粒混杂增强Al 基复合材料的干摩擦磨损行为, 并与单一SiC_P 和单一G_rP 增强Al 基复合材料的相应行为进行了比较。结果表明, 在低载荷(< 30 N ) 时, SiC_P 和G_rP 能协调作用, 使混杂复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率均比单一SiC_P 和G_rP 增强复合材料低。在较高载荷(30～ 120 N ) 时, 混杂复合材料磨损以剥层磨损机制为主, 摩擦系数比单一SiC_P 增强复合材料低, 磨损率比单一G_rP 增强复合材料低得多, 比单一SiC_P 增强复合材料高。混杂复合材料对偶件的磨损比单一SiC_P 增强复合材料低得多。      

Aging Behavior of High Volume Fraction SiC Particles Reinforced 2024Al Composite

2024 Al matrix composite reinforced by SiC particles with 45% volume fraction and 1 μm diameter was successfully fabricated by squeeze-exhaust casting method. The aging behavior of SiCp/2024Al composite at four temperatures was investigated and compared to 2024 alloy. It was found that the addition of high volume fraction SiC particles does not alter the aging sequence, but it significantly accelerates the kinetics of precipitation in the composite matrices.Therefore, the aging peak of the composite appears earlier than that of 2024Al alloy. This is attributed to the decrease in the activation energy for the precipitate formation and the increase in the precipitate growth rate due to the high density dislocations in the composite with high volume fraction particles. The high density dislocations, as preferential nucleation sites for precipitates, bring about the tiny and dense precipitates in the composite.     

Aging Behavior of High Volume Fraction SiC Particles Reinforced 2024Al Composite

2024 Al matrix composite reinforced by SiC particles with 45% volume fraction and 1μm diameter was successfully fabricated by squeeze-exhaust casting method. The aging behavior of SiCp/2024AI composite at four temperatures was investigated and compared to 2024 alloy. It was found that the addition of high volume fraction SiC particles does not alter the aging sequence, but it significantly accelerates the kinetics of precipitation in the composite matrices. Therefore, the aging peak of the composite appears earlier than that of 2024AI alloy. This is attributed to the decrease in the activation energy for the precipitate formation and the increase in the precipitate growth rate due to the high density dislocations in the composite with high volume fraction particles. The high density dislocations, as preferential nucleation sites for precipitates, bring about the tiny and dense precipitates in the composite.     

Characterizing and modeling the precipitation of Mg-rich phases in Al 5xxx alloys aged at low temperatures

Al 5083 alloys(5.25 at.% Mg) of different tempers(H131 and H116) were aged at low temperatures(50and 70?C) for 41 months. Scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), and atom probe tomography(APT) were applied to characterize precipitates formed in the sensitized samples. Experimental results revealed that the size of Mg-rich precipitates increased with aging time at 70?C for both alloys. APT results showed that Mg-rich precipitates of different Mg concentrations and morphologies formed in Al matrix and on the interface of Al matrix/pre-existing particles. In addition, a model based on local equilibrium of chemical potential and multi-class precipitates number evolution was adopted to predict the multiphase precipitation process in the Al-Mg binary system. The overall trend of precipitate radius and number density predicted by the model matched well with the experimental results. Moreover, modeling results revealed that nucleation and coarsening occurred faster in Al 5083 H131 than in Al 5083 H116 when aged at same temperature. The high density of dislocations and the pipe diffusion mechanism of dislocations can be used to explain such behavior.     

Micro-yield property of sub-micron Al2O3 particle reinforced 2024 aluminum matrix composite

The microstructure and micro-yield strength of sub-micron Al₂O₃ particle reinforced 2024Al composites and the effect of the thermal-cold cycling treatment on the microstructure and properties were studied. The results show that the dislocations are rare in the microstructure of the sub-micron Al₂O_3p/2024Al composite in the squeeze casting condition. Aging and thermal-cold cycling treatment does not change this phenomenon. The Al₂O₃ particles are fine, so the thermal misfit between particles and the matrix is very small during the temperature change, resulting in decreased dislocations. The tiny and uniformly dispersed S′ precipitates and sub-micron particles can effectively pin dislocations, therefore, the micro-yield strength of the composite increases. Depending on the condition of the thermal-cold cycling treatment after aging, both the size and distribution of the S′ precipitates in the composite change, and they have great effect on the micro-yield strength of the composite.     

An experimental study on deformation behavior below 0.2% offset yield stress in some SiCp/Al composites and their unreinforced matrix alloys

The deformation behaviors below 0.2% offset yield stress in some silicon carbide particulate reinforced aluminum composites (SiCp/Al) and their unreinforced matrix alloys were investigated experimentally in this work. The results of the study showed that incorporation of SiC particulate into aluminum matrix can enhance the plastic flow stress (PFS) in macroplastic stage but slightly lower PFS in microplastic stage. With increase in the volume fraction of SiC particulate (V_p), the 0.2% offset yield stress (σ_0.2) increases while the resistance to microplastic deformation (σ_10⁻⁵) first decreases and then increases. The composite with smaller particle size presents higher PFS both in micro- and macro-plastic stages. It was also found that heat treatment remarkably influence both micro- and macro-plastic behaviors of the composites. Quenching followed by artificial aging can significantly enhance PFS both in micro- and macro-plastic stages for the age hardened alloy based composites (SiCp/2024Al) but has no obvious effect for the non-age hardened alloy based composites (SiCp/Al). For both the SiCp/2024Al composite and unreinforced 2024Al alloy, PFS exist a ‘peak value’ with variation of aging time, implying that like the conventional yield strength, PFS in microplastic stage of the composite is also strongly controlled by the precipitates formed in matrix during aging treatment. The effects of thermal cycling on PFS are dependent to the V_p. In large V_p case (35%), with increase in cyclic number PFS slightly decreases but in small V_p case (15%) PFS slightly increases as the cyclic number increases. The PFS in microplastic stage is very sensitive to the microstructure features. The lower residual thermal stresses, small density of moveable dislocations and harder matrix would be beneficial to the increase of PFS in microplastic stage in the composites.     

Composite precipitates in a commercial Al–Li–Cu–Mg–Zr alloy

Composite precipitates with duplex and triplex association of single precipitates commonly found in commercial Al–Li alloys were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in a re-solution and quenched AA2090 alloy after aging. These novel precipitates were the duplex association of δ′(Al₃Li) and T₁ (Al₂CuLi) as well as the triplex δ′/β′(Al₃Zr)/T₁ and δ′/β′/θ′(Al₂Cu). The reduction of elastic energy associated with composite precipitate formation is suggested as a basic mechanism with plate-like T₁ and θ′ particles serving as preferential sites for nucleation of either δ′ or δ′/β′ spherical particles, which although in much smaller numbers, represent a volume fraction of 10 to 20% of all precipitates.     

Effect of Thermal Cycling Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlNp/2024Al Composite

The AlNp/2024 composite with a high volume fraction (50%) was fabricated by squeeze casting. Its mechanical properties were investigated by tensile tests at ambient temperature and the microstructure was observed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was indicated that after six thermal cooling cycles treatment the AIN/2024Al composite exhibited higher elastic limit (σ0.01), tensile strength (UTS) and elastic modulus (E). TEM observation showed that there was higher dislocation density both in the matrix and the particle. δ′ phase is the mainly precipitate.     

Effect of Thermal Cycling Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlNp/2024A1 Composite

The A1NP/2024 composite with a high volume fraction (50%) was fabricated by squeeze casting. Its mechanical properties were investigated by tensile tests at ambient temperature and the microstructure was observed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was indicated that after six thermal cooling cycles treatment the AIN/2024Al composite exhibited higher elastic limit (ac.ol), tensile strength (UTS) and elastic modulus (E). TEM observation showed that there was higher dislocation density both in the matrix and the particle. Δ’ phase is the mainly precipitate     

碳化硅颗粒增强LY12铝合金复合材料超塑性研究

本文研究了粉末冶金法制造的SiCp/LY₁₂复合材料的超塑性。测定了热挤压态SiCp/LY₁₂复合材料的拉伸、压缩m值,分析了工艺参数对超塑性的影响,确定了超塑性成形工艺参数,并初步分析了SiCp/LY₁₂复合材料的显微结构和超塑拉伸试样断口形貌和断裂机制。