激光熔覆-离子渗硫复合改性层的减摩耐磨性能

根据抽油泵柱塞对耐磨耐蚀及自润滑性能的迫切需求,采用激光熔覆离子渗硫复合工艺对45钢表面进行强化,得到了复合固体润滑渗硫层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、电子探针显微分析(EPMA)、俄歇电子能谱(AES)和X射线衍射(XRD)等方法表征渗硫层表面的组织结构、形貌成分及物相组成,用摩擦磨损试验机研究渗硫层的减摩耐磨性能。结果表明：激光熔覆离子渗硫工艺得到的复合层为硫化物层,厚度约为3~5 μm,质软且疏松多孔,主要成分为FeS,而且与基底之间没有明显的过渡层,界线明显,结合紧密。该渗硫层是一种理想的摩擦表面,具有优异的减摩耐磨性能,离子渗硫技术为原位合成固体润滑剂FeS提供了一种新方法。     

金属钼层表面渗硫层的表征与减摩耐磨性能研究

对厚约3pm的金属钼薄膜进行低温离子渗硫处理，得到了单质金属钼与固体润滑剂二硫化钼（MoS2）共存的复合固体润滑渗硫层。利用SEM和EDX分析了复合渗硫层表面、截面及磨损面的形貌及成分分布，用XPS分析了复合渗硫层表面化合价态，用纳米压痕仪测定了复合渗硫层的硬度及弹性模量。摩擦磨损实验表明，该渗硫层是一种非常理想的摩擦表面，具有优异的减摩耐磨抗擦伤性能。离子渗硫技术为原位合成固体润滑剂MoS2提供了一种新方法。     

灰铸铁表面渗硫层的摩擦磨损性能

通过低温离子渗硫技术和化学转化技术,分别在灰铸铁表面制备固体润滑层渗硫层和磷酸盐层,采用SEM-EDS、XRD、纳米压痕仪、X射线应力分析仪分析了两种固体润滑层表面的组成元素、组织结构、厚度、硬度、残余应力及磨痕形貌,通过摩擦磨损试验对比研究了灰铸铁基材及表面固体润滑层的减摩耐磨性能,并用三维白光干涉仪对摩擦磨损试验后的磨痕体积进行分析。结果表明,灰铸铁表面磷酸盐层及渗硫层表面的多孔结构都具备储油润滑的特性,但渗流层的表面硬度及残余压应力都比磷酸盐层高,且渗硫层是活性硫原子渗入到基体内而形成的具有减摩润滑作用的共价键化合物FeS,而且灰铸铁基体与渗硫层的对磨过程中还伴有活性硫原子的转移及重组的动态平衡过程。因此在同等试验条件下,与磷酸盐层相比,渗硫层的摩擦因数降低了23.5%,渗硫层的磨损量降低了31.6%,即渗硫层的减摩耐磨性能比磷酸盐层更优,压缩机内零部件渗硫处理后的能效(COP)提升效果显著。     

硫化亚铁固体润滑层的减摩机理模型

经低温离子渗硫制备的硫化亚铁层是常用固体润滑涂层之一，具有优良的固体润滑作用和良好的减摩耐磨性能。本文通过物理建模和俄歇分析的方法研究了渗硫层的减摩机理。结果表明，硫化亚铁在摩擦过程中可达到分解破坏与重新合成的动态平衡，尽管渗硫层的厚度只有数微米，却能持久地发挥固体润滑作用。     

FeS固体润滑复合层在锂基脂润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能

应用离子氮碳共渗与离子渗硫技术,在SiCrMoCu合金铸铁表面制备出由离子氮碳共渗次表层及以FeS相为主的渗硫表层组成的FeS固体润滑复合层.试验表明,锂基脂润滑条件下,FeS固体润滑复合层表面的摩擦因数比未渗表面大约降低了40 %,比渗硫表面降低了30 %左右;体积磨损量分别比未渗表面及渗硫表面减少了50 %和20 %左右.FeS固体润滑复合层具有优良的减摩、耐磨及抗划伤性能是因为,复合层自身的结构性能使其符合理想的摩擦表面要求,并且延长了锂基脂及其在摩擦表面上可能形成的化学反应膜的润滑作用.     

激光熔覆-离子渗硫层干摩擦学性能

采用激光熔覆-离子渗硫复合新工艺在45钢表面制备减磨耐磨性能良好的自润滑涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、白光共焦三维轮廓仪、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪分析涂层及磨损表面的形貌、成分及相组成。在球盘式摩擦磨损实验机上对比研究渗硫前后熔覆层在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,采用离子渗硫在高硬度镍基合金激光熔覆层表面生成了硫化物固体润滑膜层,渗硫层表面疏松多孔,与熔覆层结合紧密;经渗硫处理后激光熔覆层的耐磨减摩性能提高,对磨件的磨损也明显改善;磨损表面生成了由硫化物和氧化物组成的边界润滑膜。     

ASPS技术制备微纳结构FeS固体润滑渗硫层的研究

利用可移动活性屏低温离子渗流技术(简称ASPS技术),考察了工艺参数对渗硫层形貌、结构等的影响,制备了具有微纳结构的FeS固体润滑渗硫层。研究发现,渗硫温度比保温时间对FeS固体润滑渗硫层的形貌和组成结构影响更大。当渗硫温度230℃、保温2 h时,渗硫层以FeS为主,但含少量的FeS2,渗硫层中S/Fe原子摩尔百分比值接近1。渗硫层由微纳米量级的硫化物颗粒堆积而成,表层为富S层、次表层为FeS层,在渗硫层和基体之间存在厚度约400 nm的扩散层。     

基于纳米晶的低温离子渗硫层油润滑条件下摩擦磨损性能

利用预压力滚压技术在堆焊修复层表面制备纳米晶层,用低温离子渗硫技术在纳米晶层表面制备Fe S固体润滑膜。利用CETR-3型多功能摩擦磨损试验机考察油润滑条件下堆焊层表面纳米晶/Fe S复合层的摩擦磨损性能。采用SEM、EDS、XRD和XPS对摩擦磨损前后的硫化层微观组织结构进行分析。结果表明:与原始低温离子渗硫层相比,基于纳米晶的渗硫层厚度增加了40%,硫化层更为密实,基于纳米晶的低温离子渗硫层摩擦因数明显降低,磨损量降低40%左右,承载能力明显提高。耐磨减摩性能提高是纳米晶层作用的结果,基于纳米晶的硫化层硫化物含量较高,Fe S相所占比例较高,高硬度的纳米晶层为表面润滑层起到良好的支撑,对于减摩性能的提高起到积极作用。     

CrMoCu合金铸铁氮碳共渗-渗硫复合层的摩擦学性能研究

采用离子氮碳共潘-离子渗硫复合处理工艺在CrMoCu合金铸铁表面制备了氮碳化合物和硫化物的复合渗层，复合渗层由表面的硫化物层、次表层的氮碳化合物层及其扩散层组成，表面分布均匀的硫化物球状颗粒直径尺寸达到了纳徽米量级，其相组成为FeS、FeS1-x、Fe2C和Fe3N。油润滑条件下．渗硫表面减摩性较好，但渗硫层作用时间较短；而氮碳共渗-渗硫复合处理表面可以显著提高CrMoCu合金铸铁的减摩性和耐磨性能，在载荷80N、转速0.3m/s的条件下，其综合的摩擦磨损性能明显优于未硫兽和仅渗硫表面。     

45钢表面离子渗硫层组成与减摩过程的研究

应用SEM、EDS、AES及XPS等分析方法对45钢表面离子渗硫层的组成结构的研究结果表明,渗硫层由沉积于基体表面的硫化物沉积层与少量硫元素渗入基体表层形成的扩散层组成,硫化物沉积层中主要生成了FeS及少量的FeS2,硫化物扩散层中主要形成了FeS.渗硫层的结构组成与减摩性能实验结果结合说明,离子渗硫表面的摩擦因数与未渗表面相比始终较低,是因为离子渗硫层的硫化物沉积层与硫化物扩散层分别在摩擦过程中的不同阶段发挥了减摩润滑作用,且摩擦表面始终存在分解再生的硫化物.     

等离子喷涂与超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层组织与摩擦磨损性能研究

目的 研究等离子喷涂与超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层的组织、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能。方法 采用等离子喷涂与超音速火焰喷涂工艺制备NiCr-Cr3C2涂层,并采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、万能试验机、显微硬度计和高速往复摩擦磨损试验机,系统地分析了两种工艺所得涂层的物相、组织、结合强度、硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果 两种工艺制备的NiCr-Cr3C2涂层与基体界面结合效果良好。等离子喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层为层片状组织,层间可见微裂纹,孔隙率较高;超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层组织均匀,无明显微裂纹,可见少量微小孔隙。物相分析表明,等离子喷涂涂层由NiCr、Cr3C2和Cr7C3相组成,而超音速火焰喷涂涂层由NiCr和Cr3C2相组成。超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层的耐磨性优于等离子喷涂涂层,等离子喷涂涂层和超音速火焰喷涂涂层的稳态摩擦系数分别为0.4和0.6。随载荷升高,两种工艺制备的NiCr-Cr3C2涂层摩擦系数均显著下降。磨损后,等离子喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层表面具有明显的凹痕和剥落,而超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层磨痕表面较光滑,未见明显剥落。两种工艺制备的涂层磨损机制均为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。结论 超音速火焰喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层较等离子喷涂涂层组织更为致密,具有更为优良的综合力学性能和耐磨性,等离子喷涂制备的NiCr-Cr3C2涂层的减摩性较好。     

不同参数下超音速火焰喷涂Cr_3C_2-NiCr涂层磨粒磨损性能

通过超音速火焰(HVOF)技术,采用不同的工艺参数在低碳钢表面喷涂Cr_3C_2-NiCr涂层;对所得涂层进行磨粒磨损实验.同时考察低碳钢磨损性能,比较喷涂层之间的磨损性能及其与基体的磨损性能.采用光学金相显微镜观察涂层断面的形貌,通过显微硬度计测试涂层的显微硬度.结果表明.Cr_3C_2-NiCr涂层磨损质量损失与磨程基本呈线性关系;涂层的磨损性能高于低碳钢;不同参数制备的涂层,其磨粒磨损性能也不一样,其中燃气流量为38 L/min时的涂层磨损性能较好,该条件下涂层的断面显微组织呈现层状结构,其显微硬度也较高.     

低温离子渗硫层的干摩擦学性能对比研究

采用低温离子渗硫工艺，分别在W6Mo5Cr4V2,5CrNiMo,2Cr13及45钢表面制备FeS固体润滑层。研究干摩擦条件下的摩擦员性能和渗硫层截面与磨痕形貌，结果表明，4种钢渗硫后减磨耐磨性能都明显提高，其中渗硫W6Mo5Cr4V2钢的摩擦学性能最好，渗硫5CrNiMo钢、渗硫45钢及渗硫2Cr13钢的摩擦学性能依次降低，基体硬度及组织结构不同是渗硫层摩擦学性能产生差异的主要原因。     

Investigation on Interface Structure and Wear-resistant Properties of HVOF Sprayed Carbides Coating onto Copper Substrate

SURFACE TREATMENT has been widely used allover the world as a way of improving materials'properties and prolonging its service life.High velocityoxy-fuel(HVOF)spray is a new process of surfacetreatment developed in recent20years.Because ofgood bond strength and high hardness of HVOFsprayed coating,the applications of HVOF sprayincreasingly take place of the traditional process,suchas electro-plate,thermal spray,etc.in the field ofmetallurgy,manufacture,mining and so on[1,2].Because …     

Improving corrosion properties of high-velocity oxy-fuel sprayed inconel 625 by using a high-power continuous wave neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser

Thermal spray processes are widely used to protect materials and components against wear, corrosion and oxidation. Despite the use of the latest developments of thermal spraying, such as high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and plasma spraying, these coatings may in certain service conditions show inadequate performance,e.g., due to insufficient bond strength and/or mechanical properties and corrosion resistance inferior to those of corresponding bulk materials. The main cause for a low bond strength in thermalsprayed coatings is the low process temperature, which results only in mechanical bonding. Mechanical and corrosion properties typically inferior to wrought materials are caused by the chemical and structural inhomogeneity of the thermal-sprayed coating material. To overcome the drawbacks of sprayed structures and to markedly improve the coating properties, laser remelting of sprayed coatings was studied in the present work. The coating material was nickel-based superalloy Inconel 625, which contains chromium and molybdenum as the main alloying agents. The coating was prepared by HVOF spraying onto mild steel substrates. High-power continuous wave Nd:YAG laser equipped with large beam optics was used to remelt the HVOF sprayed coating using different levels of power and scanning speed. The coatings as-sprayed and after laser remelting were characterized by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Laser remelting resulted in homogenization of the sprayed structure. This strongly improved the performance of the laser-remelted coatings in adhesion, wet corrosion, and high-temperature oxidation testing. The properties of the laser-remelted coatings were compared directly with the properties of as-sprayed HVOF coatings and with plasma-transferred arc (PTA) overlay coatings and wrought Inconel 625 alloy.     

等离子喷涂硫化亚铁润滑层的摩擦学性能

利用等离子喷涂在 45钢表面制备了三种厚度不同的硫化亚铁固体润滑层。在QP 1 0 0摩擦磨损试验机上测定了硫化亚铁喷涂层在油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能。利用XRD分析了硫化亚铁喷涂层的相结构 ,用SEM观察了喷涂层的磨面形貌。结果表明 ,硫化亚铁喷涂层的减摩、耐磨、抗擦伤性能明显优于 45钢原始表面。     

Characterization and tribological properties of composite 3Cr13/FeS layer

The 3Cr13 coating was prepared on the surface of 1045 steel by high velocity arc spraying method, and then treated by low temperature ion sulfuration to obtain the solid lubrication composite 3Cr13/FeS layer. SEM was used to observe the surface, cross-section and worn scar morphologies. XRD was utilized to analyze the phase structure. X-ray stress determinator was utilized to measure its residual stress. The nano-hardness and elastic modulus of composite 3Cr13/FeS layer were surveyed by the nano-indentation tester. The tribological properties were investigated on a ball-on-disk wear tester under dry and oil lubrication conditions. The results showed that the friction coefficient and wear scar depth of the composite 3Cr13/FeS layer were always lower than those of FeS film and 1045 steel under dry and oil lubrication conditions. Therefore the composite 3Cr13/FeS layer had excellent Friction-reduction and anti-wear properties.     

超音速火焰喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr涂层磨粒磨损行为

采用橡胶轮磨损实验机，对不同工艺条件下三种类型粉末制备的HOVF Cr3C2-25％NiCr涂层进行了磨粒磨损实验，发现该涂层的磨损失重量与磨程基本呈现线性关系，磨损率远低于低碳钢。氧气流量，燃气流量适中的条件下制备的涂层磨损率较低，用团聚致密化工艺制备的粉末沉积的涂层耐磨粒磨损性能较好，涂层的磨损机制主要为先期的粘结相优先切削和随后的碳化物剥落，其中碳化物的剥落对磨损过程起制约作用。     

Study of the influence of microstructural properties on the sliding-wear behavior of HVOF and HVAF sprayed WC-cermet coatings

The microstructural properties of WC-Co-Cr and WC-Co coatings deposited by high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) and high-velocity air fuel (HVAF) processes were investigated. The tribological behavior of the coatings was studied by means of pin-on-disk tests. Microcracking of the HVOF sprayed WC-Co coatings did not allow preparation of suitable disks for wear tests. The wear rates of the remaining coatings were determined, and wear tracks on the coatings and counterbodies were investigated by SEM. The HVAF sprayed coatings showed greater sliding-wear resistance compared to the HVOF coatings. The prime wear mechanism in the WC-Co HVAF coatings was adhesive wear. The cobalt matrix is lubricious, resulting in very low wear rates and low debris generation. The main wear mechanisms in the WC-Co-Cr coatings were adhesive and abrasive wear. Adhesive wear results in coating material dislodgments (i.e., “pullouts”) that become trapped in the contact zone and act as a third-body abrasive. Particle pullout from the coating significantly increases the wear rate of the coated specimen. The HVAF/WC-Co-Cr coatings exhibited better resistance to particle pullout, resulting in a considerably lower wear rate than the HVOF/WC-Co-Cr coatings.     

A study on powder mixing for high fracture toughness and wear resistance of WC-Co-Cr coatings sprayed by HVOF

The effects of mixing powders with various particle sizes on the fracture toughness and wear resistance of thermally sprayed WC-10Co-4Cr coating layers fabricated by the HVOF (High-Velocity Oxygen Fuel) process on a S45C steel substrate were investigated. In order to obtain a high fracture toughness and wear resistance, the powder size and powder mixing ratio were varied. The microstructure and chemical composition of the phases in the coatings were characterized by means of the SEM and XRD techniques. Image analysis was used for the evaluation of the porosity of the coatings. Indentations tests were carried out on the cross sections of the coatings to evaluate the hardness and fracture toughness. The wear properties of the coatings were assessed using a pin-on-disk wear tester at ambient temperature without lubrication. The mixing of a small amount of coarse powders with fine powders resulted in the highest fracture toughness and wear resistance, due to the formation of coating layers having the lowest porosity.