艾蒿粉对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

试验探讨艾蒿粉对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。试验选择1日龄AA肉仔鸡240只,按照艾蒿粉添加量的不同（0、0.25%、0.50%、1.00%和2.00%）分为5个不同处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡,试验期共42 d,分为前、后两期,每期21 d。结果表明：随着艾蒿粉添加量的增加,肉仔鸡后期与全期的平均日增重呈显著的先升高后降低的变化趋势,以0.25%组最高;肉色亮度L*值呈显著的下降趋势,肉色红度a*值呈显著的上升趋势;屠宰性能的各项指标差异均不显著。肉仔鸡日粮中添加适量的艾蒿粉对其生长性能有促进作用,对肉品质有改善作用。     

日粮高剂量添加葡萄糖氧化酶对肉杂鸡生长和屠宰性能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮高剂量添加葡萄糖氧化酶对笼养肉杂鸡生长和屠宰性能的影响。将864只1日龄肉杂鸡随机分为2个组(对照组和试验组,试验组在对照组基础上添加200 g/t 2 000 IU耐温葡萄糖氧化酶),每组8个重复,每个重复54只鸡。进行为期49 d的试验。研究结果表明：在日粮中添加200 g/t葡萄糖氧化酶能显著改善肉鸡的耗料增重比(P<0.05),但对日均采食量和日均增重无显著改善(P>0.05),对肉鸡屠宰性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,笼养肉杂鸡日粮中高剂量添加葡萄糖氧化酶对于提升肉鸡肠道健康水平,改善耗料增重比有一定作用。     

蛋氨酸螯合铬对肉仔鸡生长、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响

研究在玉米—豆粕型饲料中添加蛋氨酸螯合铬和吡啶羟酸铬对AA肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和血清生化指标的影响.结果表明:在试验全期,蛋氨酸螯合铬添加组的生长性能和屠宰性能均得到改善,且添加0.3 mg/kg铬水平的蛋氨酸螯合铬的效果最好,优于对照组和吡啶羟酸铬组.蛋氨酸螯合铬和吡啶羟酸铬都能提高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量,同时降低血糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)(除0.3 mg/kg铬水平组)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量;而这两种铬螯合物相比在血清生化指标上差异不显著.     

赞比亚不同蛋白质来源的饲料对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及经济效益的影响

研究探讨赞比亚不同蛋白质来源的饲料对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及经济效益的影响。试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选择21日龄的科宝500肉仔鸡1 800只,分为3个处理组,即豆粕组、杂粕组1(豆粕+DDGS+棉粕)和杂粕组2(豆粕+DDGS+葵籽粕),每个处理组3个重复,每个重复200只(公母各半)。试验期21 d。结果表明,在肉鸡平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比、42日龄均重方面,杂粕组1与豆粕组之间,差异不显著(P0.05);平均日增重和42日龄均重方面,杂粕组2显著低于杂粕组1和豆粕组(P0.05);平均日采食量、料重比方面,杂粕组2显著高于杂粕组1和豆粕组(P0.05);成活率方面,3个处理组间无明显影响,差异不显著(P0.05)。不同蛋白质来源的饲料对肉鸡屠宰率、全净膛率、胸肌率及腿肌率均无显著影响(P0.05)。在增重饲料成本方面,杂粕组1最低,较豆粕组和杂粕组2分别降低了10美元/t,40美元/t。杂粕组1日粮可在不影响肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能情况下,有效降低肉鸡养殖的饲料成本,提高赞比亚农场养殖效益。     

低聚木糖对AA肉仔鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响

研究添加不同水平低聚木糖对AA肉仔鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响.结果表明,添加不同水平低聚木糖的试验组与对照组相比,21～42日龄平均体增重分别提高19.63%(P＜0.01)、24.34%(P＜0.01)、34.42%(P＜0.01);平均日采食量分别提高9.8%(P＜0.01)、12.7%(P＜0.01)、16.05%(P＜0.01);料重比分别降低8.9%(P＜0.05)、11.1%(P＜0.01),13.6%(P＜0.01);屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率差异均不显著,腹脂率分别降低27.19%(P＜0.05)、22.37%(P＞0.05)、24.54%(P＜0.05).添加水平为0.006%组效果最佳.     

茶多酚对生长育肥猪生长性能和肉质的影响研究

添加0.1%茶多酚复合添加剂能显著提高生长育肥猪的平均日增重、猪肉pH值;添加0.3%时能极显著提高平均日增重、pH值,极显著降低失水率;当添加水平继续增大时作用不大.荼多酚的添加对背膘厚度、瘦肉率和肉色影响不显著,但对猪肉VE和肌苷酸(IMP)的含量极显著增加.茶多酚复合添加剂的适宜水平为0.3%.     

酵母核酸对肉仔鸡生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

在肉鸡日粮中添加酵母核酸,研究酵母核酸对肉鸡生长性能和部分血液指标的影响。125只1日龄艾维茵肉鸡,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复5只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮的基础上添加0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%的酵母核酸。试验期4周,在第2周末和试验结束时,分别测定生长性能,并采取血样,测定血清生化指标。结果表明:添加不同水平的核酸能显著提高后2周的日增重,而在前2周,虽然各试验组均比对照组的日增重有所提高,但只有添加0.3%,0.4%的核酸对肉鸡的日增重的影响较显著(P<0.05);添加酵母核酸后料肉比降低,前2周差异不显著(P>0.05),后2周添加0.3%、0.4%酵母核酸组同对照组比差异显著(P<0.05)。添加酵母核酸能提高两个阶段肌肉中粗蛋白的含量,但前2周,各处理组间差异不显著(P>0.05),后2周,添加0.3%核酸组蛋白质的含量有明显的提高(P<0.05)。前2周,添加酵母核酸对肉鸡血清尿酸、血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度胆固醇以及低密度胆固醇的影响均不显著(P>0.05);后2周,添加酵母核酸对肉鸡血清尿酸、血糖和高密度胆固醇的影响均不显著(P>0.05),而添加0.2%酵母核酸组能显著提高血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度胆固醇的含量(P<0.05)。     

复合肉质改进剂对肉鸭屠宰性能、脏器系数和肌肉成分的影响

选用体重(2.36±0.01)kg的樱桃谷肉鸭108只,随机分成3个组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂"基础日粮 250 mg/kg复合肉质改进剂",试验Ⅱ组饲喂"基础日粮 500 mg/kg复合肉质改进剂",正试期为15 d。研究酵母硒和茶多酚配伍的复合肉质改进剂对育成鸭屠宰性能、脏器系数和肌肉成分的影响。结果表明:(1)在肉鸭饲料中添加250 mg/kg复合肉质改进剂可显著降低肉鸭的腹脂率(P<0.05),并有提高肉鸭半净膛率和肌内总脂肪含量的趋势。(2)在肉鸭饲料中添加500 mg/kg复合肉质改进剂可显著提高肌肉中水分含量和肉鸭的腿肌率(P<0.05)。(3)添加复合肉质改进剂对肉鸭的脾脏系数、胸腺系数、法氏囊系数和肾脏系数均无显著影响(P>0.05);但添加250 mg/kg复合肉质改进剂可提高肉鸭的肝脏系数(P<0.05)。     

蛋氨酸对肉鸡屠宰性能、肉品质及肌肉抗氧化的影响

为了研究日粮蛋氨酸水平对肉鸡屠宰性能、肉品质及肌肉抗氧化的影响,实验选用1 日龄艾拔益加肉鸡144 只,随机分为3 组,每组6 个重复,每个重复8 只。对照组日粮蛋氨酸水平为0.50%（1～21 d）和0.44%（22～42 d）,高、低蛋氨酸组日粮蛋氨酸水平分别为对照组的130%和70%。结果表明：与对照组相比,日粮高蛋氨酸能够显著提高肉鸡胸肌率（P＜0.05）,低蛋氨酸则显著降低肉鸡全净膛率（P＜0.05）;日粮高蛋氨酸显著降低胸肌剪切力（P＜0.05）、显著提高24 h时胸肌的pH值和a*值（P＜0.05）,而低蛋氨酸显著提高胸肌的L*值（P＜0.05）;日粮高蛋氨酸显著升高胸肌总抗氧化能力（P＜0.05）,低蛋氨酸显著降低胸肌谷胱甘肽含量（P＜0.05）。因此,日粮蛋氨酸水平可能通过调节肌肉蛋白质沉积和抗氧化功能而影响肉鸡屠宰性能和肌肉品质。     

大豆异黄酮对樱桃谷鸭生长和屠宰性能的影响

选用健康1日龄樱桃谷SM2商品代雏鸭128只,随机分为4组,公、母各半.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组日粮是在基础日粮中分别添加5、10和15 mg/kg的大豆异黄酮,于42日龄屠宰.结果表明:①试验组公鸭、母鸭每周平均体重均显著高于或高于对照组,试验Ⅱ组的平均体重显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05).大豆异黄酮对樱桃谷鸭母鸭和公鸭的生长具有明显的促进作用,而且其作用效果呈现剂量效应,以10 mg/kg添加水平效果最为明显.②试验Ⅱ组母鸭的屠宰率和胸肌率高于其他各组(P＞0.05);母鸭和公鸭的腹脂率均显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05).试验Ⅲ组母鸭的腿肌率显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05).试验组间母鸭的皮脂率差异不显著(P＞0.05);但均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),试验Ⅲ组母鸭的皮脂率最低.试验Ⅲ组公鸭的屠宰率、胸肌率和腿肌率高于其他各组(P＞0.05),试验I、Ⅲ组公鸭的腹脂率也显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),试验Ⅱ组公鸭的皮脂率显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05).大豆异黄酮发挥了降脂作用,且以10 mg/kg的作用最为明显.     

Effects of dietary humate supplementation to broilers on performance,slaughter, carcass and meat colour

BACKGROUND: This experiment was designed to examine the effect of dietary humate supplementation primarily on pH and colour parameters of carcasses, breast fillets and drumsticks and, secondarily on performance and carcass characteristics in broilers. RESULTS: A total of 240 male broiler chicks (Ross‐308) were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments varying in supplemental humate level (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% for H₀, H₁, H₂ and H₃). Dietary humate supplementation did not affect performance traits and slaughter, hot carcass weights and yields. Carcass‐related variables (pH, L*, a*, b*, H* and C*) were responsive to the dietary treatments. The L*, a*, b*, and C* values for drumstick muscles were higher than those for breast muscles. Except for the L* value, meat colour parameters changed due to packaging. The a* value was higher and b* value was lower for vacuum packaged breast and drumsticks than for those aerobic packaged. Storage period affected colour parameters; while L*, b*, H* and C* values were higher for drumstick skin than for drumstick meat; the a* value was greater in drumstick meat than in skin. CONCLUSION: pH and colour parameters of carcasses, breast fillets and drumsticks of broilers were improved by dietary humate supplementation. However, responses of broiler performance and slaughter and carcass characteristics were minimal. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

苦杏仁对肉鸡生长性能和肉品质及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响

通过在肉鸡饲料中添加不同剂量的苦杏仁粉,评价其对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响,探究苦杏仁在畜禽生产中应用及最适添加量,为饲料中抗营养因子的开发利用提供试验依据。试验将100只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为4组,每组25只;对照组(C组)饲喂基础全价饲料,低剂量组(L组)饲喂含4.5 g/kg苦杏仁粉的基础全价饲料,中剂量组(M组)饲喂含9 g/kg苦杏仁粉的基础全价饲料,高剂量组(H组)饲喂含17 g/kg苦杏仁粉的基础全价饲料,试验周期为45 d。结果表明,与C组相比,H组肉鸡的终末体重和平均日增重极显著降低(P<0.01),料重比极显著升高(P<0.01),而L组、M组肉鸡的末体重和平均日增重及料重比无显著差异(P>0.05);肌肉放置24 h和48 h后,H组肌肉肉色显著降低(P<0.05),肌肉剪切力极显著增加(P<0.01);L组胸肌粗蛋白质含量显著升高(P<0.05),M组、L组差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲料中添加不同剂量的苦杏仁粉均增强肉鸡肝脏中SOD、CAT和GSH-PX的活性(P<0.05)。试验说明,饲料中添加的低剂量(4.5 g/kg)和中剂量(9 g/kg)苦杏仁粉均可改善肉鸡肉品质和增强肝脏抗氧化性能,其中以添加9 g/kg苦杏仁的效果最佳。而添加高剂量(17 g/kg)的苦杏仁粉虽能增强肉鸡肝脏的抗氧化能力,但会导致肉鸡的生长性能和肉品质降低。     

Effect of Camelina sativa expeller cake on performance and meat quality of broilers

The experiment was conducted to measure the effects of Camelina sativa expeller on the performance of broiler chickens and on the sensory quality and fatty acid composition of broiler meat. One‐day‐old broiler chickens were randomly allocated to the three dietary treatments which lasted 37 days. Experimental diets contained 0, 5 or 10% C. sativa expeller. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. The birds were weighed at the beginning, at 14 days and at the end of the trial at 37 days. Feed intake was recorded between weighings. C. sativa expeller reduced the growth of the birds linearly (P < 0.001). It also depressed their feed intake and feed conversion ratio during the starter phase (1–14 days). C. sativa did not cause any significant enlargement of the thyroid gland, nor were any liver lesions observed. Feeding of C. sativa significantly (P < 0.001) increased the omega‐3 fatty acid level in broiler meat. This was mainly due to an increase in α‐linolenic acid (18:3, n‐3). Feeding did not seem to have any adverse effect on the sensory quality of broiler meat. Meat from female broilers produced by feeding 5% C. sativa in the diet was significantly (P = 0.02) more tender than meat produced by feeding 10% C. sativa. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

The effect of food deprivation prior to slaughter on performance, behaviour and meat quality

The effects of repeated food deprivation, prior to slaughter, on performance, feeding behaviour and meat quality of pigs was examined. Three experimental treatments were compared. In treatment 1 pigs had ad libitum access to feed up to the point of loading on the day of slaughter. Treatment 2 involved a 12-h fast prior to slaughter and treatment 3 involved a 20-h fast prior to slaughter. Pigs were slaughtered on a weight basis therefore each pen was emptied over a period of weeks. This meant some pigs experienced repeated food deprivation. The feeding pattern of pigs which were deprived of food for 12 h was very similar to that observed before feed restriction. Pigs which were deprived of food for 20 h spent significantly more time at the feeder post fasting. This was particularly marked during the first 2–3 h when access to feed was restored. Feed deprivation for 12 h prior to slaughter did not adversely affect performance, carcass weight, meat quality or welfare in the present study. Fasting for 20 h reduced carcass weight by 1 kg, which was not statistically significant but could result in financial losses related to carcass weight. The negative effects on meat quality, of repeated feed deprivation, resulted from slower growth rates rather than feed deprivation per se.     

复方中草药对肉鸡生长性能、肌肉品质、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响

研究以乌梅为主的复方中草药对罗斯肉仔鸡生长性能、肌肉品质、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响。将300只肉仔鸡随机分为5组,分别为空白对照组、金霉素对照组(50 mg/kg)、复方中草药低剂量组(5 m L/L)、复方中草药中剂量组(10 m L/L)、复方中草药高剂量组(20 m L/L),掺入饮水喂饲42 d。结果表明,与空白对照组相比,复方中草药各剂量组显著提高肉鸡全期日增重(p<0.05),高剂量效果最明显;中、高剂量组的胸肉弹性显著提高(p<0.05),高剂量组的胸肉咀嚼性和亮度显著提高(p<0.05);高剂量组的胸腺指数显著提高(p<0.05),中、高剂量组的法氏囊指数显著升高(p<0.05);高剂量组的肠道内乳酸菌菌落数显著提高(p<0.05)。结果表明,本研究设置的复方中草药剂量(5、10、20 m L/L)范围能不同程度改善肉仔鸡生长过程,其中以20 m L/L添加量促进效果最显著。      

生猪宰前皮温、宰后肉温及pH值对肉品质量影响

生猪屠宰后,肉尸(胴体)会产生系列新陈代谢变化.这一过程和结果直接关系到肉品卫生安全质量.宰前皮肤温度与宰后肌肉温度及pH值变化,是影响猪肉品质的三个主要因素.宰前充分休息与饮水,宰后严格冷却工艺和屠宰修正工艺是提高肉品品质的重要措施.