共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPEs)的代谢物,主要是壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚羧酸盐(NPEC1、NPEC2)和壬基酚(NP)。本文介绍了壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(NPEs)及其代谢物在环境中的生物降解能力和毒性,以及相关的评估方法OECD301B法(Sturm的修正方法)和OECD301F法(用压力计测量氧气消耗量的呼吸运动计量法)。认为壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚在自然环境中可以高度生物降解、无明显积累,污水处理以后还在继续降解。因此对其控制使用和生产宜慎重,加强对于废水的处理是必要的。 相似文献
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以新型复配农药助剂——松脂基表面活性剂1号和2号以及传统农药助剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、松香酸聚乙二醇酯和直链十二醇聚氧乙烯醚为目标物,通过实验考察了不同类型农药助剂的初级生物降解特性。8 d的生物降解实验结果表明,松脂基表面活性剂1号的初级生物降解度为79.1%,松脂基表面活性剂2号的初级生物降解度为82.4%,松香酸聚乙二醇酯的初级生物降解度为84.2%,壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的初级生物降解度为91.1%,直链十二醇聚氧乙烯醚的初级生物降解度大于99%。新型复配农药助剂的组成结构更为复杂,其初级生物降解度要低于直链醇类、酚类的聚氧乙烯醚及单一结构酸类的聚乙二醇酯等农药助剂。 相似文献
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对中国石化集团四川维尼纶厂生产的聚乙烯醇(PVA)产品的生物降解性进行了全面的评价,对提高PVA的生物降解性的途径进行了探讨。研究还包括了对该厂污水、污泥中的微生物种类及其对PVA降解性的研究和生物降解环境的建立;对不同醛试剂和缩醛化程度的PVA的生物降解性的测定;对不同形态和结晶度的PVA的生物降解性的探讨等。 相似文献
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为分析壬基酚在环境中的积累行为,基于间歇活性污泥实验和质谱解析方法,结合环境水体中NP检测分析,研究了污水生物处理过程中壬基酚同分异构体的生物降解差异与壬基分支结构的相关性.结果表明,生物处理出水和活性污泥中有3种壬基酚异构体残留量显著高于其他异构体,生物降解性较差;壬基酚异构体的生物降解性与其壬基取代基的链长、支链大小和数目具有相关性.由于壬基取代基的分支程度差异,活性污泥对壬基酚不同异构体的降解具有选择性,壬基取代基的支链长、数量多时不利于生物降解,容易在环境中积累. 相似文献
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Mao Z Zheng XF Zhang YQ Tao XX Li Y Wang W 《International journal of molecular sciences》2012,13(1):491-505
Nonylphenol (NP) is an ultimate degradation product of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPE) that is primarily used in cleaning and industrial processes. Its widespread use has led to the wide existence of NP in various environmental matrices, such as water, sediment, air and soil. NP can be decreased by biodegradation through the action of microorganisms under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Half-lives of biodegradation ranged from a few days to almost one hundred days. The degradation rate for NP was influenced by temperature, pH and additions of yeast extracts, surfactants, aluminum sulfate, acetate, pyruvate, lactate, manganese dioxide, ferric chloride, sodium chloride, hydrogen peroxide, heavy metals, and phthalic acid esters. Although NP is present at low concentrations in the environment, as an endocrine disruptor the risks of long-term exposure to low concentrations remain largely unknown. This paper reviews the occurrence of NP in the environment and its aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation in natural environments and sewage treatment plants, which is essential for assessing the potential risk associated with low level exposure to NP and other endocrine disruptors. 相似文献
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Synthesis and characterization of polyethoxylate surfactants derived from phenolic lipids 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Polyethoxylates from cardanol and from cardol, the main component phenolic lipids in technical cashew nutshell liquid derived
from the replenishable source Anacardium occidentale, were obtained by reaction with ethylene oxide under base-catalyzed conditions. Oligomeric mixtures resulted. In the cardanol
series, the first six members of the mixture were independently synthesized for characterization purposes by a variety of
reactions. The members in the oligomeric mixture were separated by HPLC, and the composition was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy and by chromatography. These studies were preparatory to surfactant and biodegradation studies involving
comparison with commercially available polyethoxylates derived from petrochemical nonylphenol. 相似文献
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概述了壬基酚、辛基酚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚的性质、应用情况和安全性评价;简单介绍了国内外与洗涤用品中烷基酚和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚相关的法规和标准;综述了一些标准和论文中关于洗涤剂和化妆品中壬基酚、辛基酚、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚的检测方法,并对一些检测方法所采用的技术和注意事项进行了重点说明。 相似文献
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Stella J. Patterson C. C. Scott K. B. E. Tucker 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1968,45(7):528-532
In Part I of this series (1) a study of the degradation of a number of commercially available alcohol polyethoxylates is described.
This paper describes the application of the same procedures to the less degradable class of alkyl phenol polyethoxylates.
It appears that, for these materials, the rate and extent of degradation is dependent on the environment in which the degradation
occurs. Experiments are described that were carried out under neutral and high pH conditions, but it may well be that other
variations in the environment could influence the degradation rate.
Slow degradation was observed under conditions comparable with those used for the alcohol polyethoxylates, for example, a
common alkyl phenol 9-ethoxylate initially at a concentration of 5 mg per liter showed approximately 50% loss after six weeks.
No degradation residues of the polyethylene glycol type and no additional acid degradation products of the types derived from
the alcohol ethoxylates were observed. The only visual evidence of degradation was a retardation of the spots on the thin-layer
plates, and it was most readily observed on chromatograms prepared so that they showed a resolved series of spots.
In the course of some of the degradation experiments using sewage effluent as the medium, an increase in pH value was observed.
Under these conditions the degradation of the alkyl phenol ethoxylate was much more rapid and complete than usual, and the
resolved trace on the thin-layer plate showed a predominance of ethoxy groups near the top of the chromatogram.
In this series of experiments, as in those described in Part I, the foaming capacity during degradation could be closely correlated
with the results obtained by using the thin-layer chromatographic procedure. 相似文献