非共沸混合制冷剂R407C替代技术的研究进展

介绍了制冷剂R22的替代工质R407C的研究现状，指出新工质的替代应以实验研究为主，并从安全性、热力学性能、传热性能及应用等方面进行综合考虑，使新工质能最大限度地适应现有的制冷空调系统。     

关于R407C用于替代R22的研究

在利用环保制冷剂R407C替代HCFC制冷剂R22的过程中有许多值得关注的技术问题，本文分析比较了R407C和R22的特性，特别研究了R407C的非共沸特性和相关应用技术。     

混合工质R407C替代R22实验研究综述

对目前国内外采用非共沸HFCs混合制冷剂R407C在制冷空调机组中替代R22的实验研究进行了综述,讨论了混合制冷剂R407C的使用对系统性能、换热效果、泄漏问题等方面的影响,并对进一步的实验研究提出了一些可行的建议.     

环保制冷剂R410A和R407C的性能比较

用于取代对臭氧层有破坏作用的制冷剂R22,国际上普遍认同的两种环保制冷剂为：410A和R407C。本文将分析R410A和R407C的特性,比较两者在传热性能、性能系数和蒸汽压力等方面的特征差异,为确定替代制冷剂的最佳选择提供技术支持。     

R448A和R450A在船舶冷库制冷系统替代R22的能量分析和?分析

为更全面分析R448A和R450A在蒸发温度为-35 ℃、冷凝温度为40 ℃的船舶冷库制冷系统替代R22的合理性,分别对使用R22,R407C,R448A和R450A作为制冷剂的循环系统进行?分析和能量分析,计算和比较R407C,R448A和R450A作为系统制冷剂的COP、总?损失、各组件?损失和?效率。分析表明：R407C,R448A和R450A的COP分别为R22的77.59%,78.68%和97.05%,?效率为R22的78.82%,79.85%和85.31%;同时发现系统的总?损失主要来自压缩机和膨胀阀。因此,R450A在船舶制冷系统的改造中更具有应用前景。     

R22及其替代工质饱和池沸腾传热研究

目前R22的主要替代工质有R134a、R410a、R407c等.利用机械加工表面多孔管可以显著提高R22替代工质满液式蒸发器的沸腾传热系数.本文通过试验研究了R134a、R410a、R407C等工质在机械加工表面多孔管蒸发器中沸腾的传热性能.试验结果表明:相同的热流密度下,R410a的总传热系数是R22的1.28～1.37倍;R407c是R22的0.80～0.81倍.R134a是R22的1.08～1.10倍.机械加工表面多孔管管束效应因制冷剂不同而不同.对R22,下排管沸腾换热系数高于上排管.而对R134a、R410a与R407c,上排管沸腾换热系数最大,中排管和下排管有所不同.     

民用空调采用环保工质的研究

对两种国际上认同R22替代制冷剂R407c和R410a在民用空调系统中的基本特性的对比分析，结合理论研究及材料分析，指出我国民用空调业未来替代趋势。     

不同制冷剂在空调冷凝器内换热性能的比较

通过建立空调换热器分布参数模型,并对模型进行了验证,进而对R22替代制冷剂R32、R410A、R407C和R290在翅片管冷凝器进行了研究,分析了不同迎面风温和风速下冷凝器的流动和传热规律。研究表明:在一定的条件下,无论增加迎面风温或风速,R407C单位面积换热量,压降和质量流量最大;R290和R32压降和循环质量流量均小于R22;R410A虽然压降较小,但循环流量大;R290循环质量流量较R22小40%左右,且R290换热温差较小,换热系数较高。     

R152a与R134a混合制冷剂替代R22的可行性研究

制冷剂R407C和R410A是R22的主要替代物,它们的温室指数(GWP)值还较高,对环境仍然有一定的影响.本文对R152a和R134a组成的混合制冷剂进行了理论研究,通过分析该混和制冷剂的环境影响指数、温度滑移特性、热力学特性、安全特性和润滑油等问题,经理论循环计算并与R407C和R410A进行了对比,结果显示:由质量分数为50%的R152a和质量分数为50%的R134a组成的混和制冷剂对环境危害很小,具有合适的性能系数(COP)和排气温度,是一种润滑特性很好的优良近共沸制冷剂,在替代R22技术上完全具有可行性.     

混合工质R407C的实验研究

对以混合工质R407C和纯工质R22为制冷剂的样机进行了对比实验,为R407C的进一步研究提供了可靠的数据信息.     

R407C房间空调器系统性能模拟与换热部件

对替代房间空调器用制冷剂R22的R407C工质的应用进行了研究,分别建立了空调器主要部件(蒸发器、冷凝器、压缩机、毛细管和连接管道)的分布参数模型(除压缩机模型外), 并对空调器进行了模拟.且就换热器的结构参数编制了优化模块,获得了一些有参考价值的研究结果.     

Exergy efficiency and irreversibility comparison of R22, R134a, R290 and R407C to replace R22 in an air conditioning system

This work presents an experimental comparison of exergy efficiency (EE), irreversibility at the process 1–2 (evaporator exit to compressor inlet), 2–3 (compressor inlet to condenser inlet), 3–4 (condenser inlet to expansion valve inlet), 4–5 (expansion valve inlet to evaporator inlet) and 5–1 (evaporator), and coefficient of performance (COP) of R22, and its substitutes R134a, R290 and R407C in vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) of an air conditioner. In addition, the effects of air temperature in the freezer with reference to environment states on irreversibility and EE have been investigated. At ?18°C air temperature in the freezer, 33°C reference environment state and 42% relative humidity refrigerants R22 and its substitutes R134a, R290 and R407C VCRSs the total irreversibilities are 665.7, 753.5, 582.1 and 677 W, and EEs are 22.9, 14.2, 26.5 and 20.6%, respectively. The refrigerant R290 is the best performer among candidate refrigerants but it suffers from flammability. Thus, R407C can considerably be used to replace R22.     

部分负荷工况下螺杆制冷压缩机特性试验研究

研究了采用不同工质时螺杆制冷压缩机在部分负荷工况下的性能特性。通过录取半封闭螺杆压缩机工作过程指示图(p-V图),获得了部分负荷下螺杆制冷压缩机的效率及其变化规律,并根据部分负荷下压缩机内容积比的变化,对这种变化规律进行了解释。随后对螺杆压缩机采用R22、R134a、R404A、R407C四种不同工质时,在部分负荷工况下的性能变化规律进行了分析比较。研究结果表明：随着负荷的降低,压缩机的绝热效率和绝热指示效率都会有明显的下降,但机组系统的性能系数PCO会有明显的上升;使用R22工质时机组的使用部分负荷值VAPL为最佳。     

Condensation heat transfer coefficients of HCFC22, R410A,R407C and HFC134a at various temperatures on a plain horizontal tube

In this study, external condensation heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) of HCFC22, R410A, R407C, and HFC134a were measured on a smooth horizontal tube at 30, 39, and 50°C with the wall subcooling of 3–8°C. The results showed that condensation HTCs decreased for all fluids tested with an increase in temperature. This is due mainly to such properties as the saturated liquid density and liquid thermal conductivity. These properties decrease as the temperature increase and accordingly HTCs decrease. The condensation HTCs of R410A are 9.2–19.7% higher than those of HCFC22 while those of R134a are 2.5–10.2% lower than those of HCFC22. Condensation HTCs of R407C, non-azeotropic mixture, are 29.4–34.3% lower than those of HCFC22. Overall, the HTCs of R407C are much lower than those of HCFC22, HFC134a and R410A due to the mass transfer resistance in a diffusion vapor film. Condensation HTCs of HCFC22 and HFC134a are higher than those calculated by Nusselt’s equation by 7.7–11.8% and 4.0–11.1% respectively. On the other hand, HTCs of R407C measured on plain tube, however, are not well predicted by these well-known prediction correlations due to the introduction of mass transfer resistance associated with non-azeotropic mixtures.     

Performance investigation of capillary tubes for machine tool coolers retrofitted with HFC-407C refrigerant

The machine tool coolers are the best managers of coolant temperature in avoiding the deviation of spindle centerline for machine tools. However, the machine coolers are facing the compressed schedule to phase out the HCFC (hydro-chloro-floro-carbon) refrigerant and little attention has been paid to comparative study on sizing capillary tube for retrofitted HFC (hydro-floro-carbon) refrigerant. In this paper, the adiabatic flow in capillary tube is analyzed and modeled for retrofitting of HFC-407C refrigerant in a machine tool cooler system. A computer code including determining the length of sub-cooled flow region and the two phase region of capillary tube is developed. Comparative study of HCFC-22 and HFC-407C in a capillary tube is derived and conducted to simplify the traditional trial-and-error method of predicting the length of capillary tubes. Besides, experimental investigation is carried out by field tests to verify the simulation model and cooling performance of the machine tool cooler system. The results from the experiments reveal that the numerical model provides an effective approach to determine the performance data of capillary tube specific for retrofitting a HFC-407C machine tool cooler. The developed machine tool cooler system is not only directly compatible with new HFC-407C refrigerant, but can also perform a cost-effective temperature control specific for industrial machines.     

非共沸混合工质R407C作为系统冷媒的研究综述

叙述了新型制冷剂R407C在制冷系统中应用时需注意的问题,如系统润滑油和零部件的选择、泄漏对系统的影响以及与系统材料兼容性的研究,以期为准备应用制冷工质R407C的同行提供参考。     

R22三种替代物R134a、R410a和R407c在空调系统中性能对比研究

对Ｒ２２ 的三种替代物Ｒ１３４ａ 、Ｒ４１０ａ 和Ｒ４０７ｃ 在空调系统中的性能及费用进行了分析对比,结果表明Ｒ４１０ａ 是一种较佳的替代选择。