City-size distribution and the size of urban systems

"This paper is an analysis of the city-size distribution for thirty-five countries of the world in 1975; the purpose is to explain statistically the regularity of the rank-size distribution by the number of cities included in the urban systems. The rank-size parameters have been computed for each country and also for four large urban systems in which several population thresholds have been defined. These thresholds seem to have more influence than the number of cities included in the urban system on the regularity of the distribution." The data are from the U.N. Demographic Yearbook.     

Using twentieth century masterworks in school

This paper describes methods of learning based on the use of architectural masterpieces of the first half of the twentieth century. A particular case, involving the rehabilitation of Le Corbusier's Unite d'Habitation in Firminy, is presented in detail to demonstrate that the benefits of such methods encompass more than learning technology and detailing, and to show that such student work may have an intrinsic interest beyond the pedagogical. This is followed by a discussion of the more general ideas underlying such teaching methods.     

Major events and urban development: exploring the spatial impact of China's expositions in the early twentieth century

ABSTRACT

Urban developments steered by major events have a long history. Already from the second half of the nineteenth century, World Expositions were mobilized as opportunities for urban upgrading. This article highlights the spatial effects of three Chinese major expositions on their host cities in the early twentieth century (1906–1929). It will in particular highlight the impact on urban development and planning, such as the construction of modern public complexes, the promotion of new urban districts, and the catalysis of structural urban transitions. Considering the significant historical, political, and social analogies, we argue in this article that expositions were adopted under the influence of foreign examples as a model of planning interventions to prompt the modernization of the host cities in China. However, while there was an important transfer of spatial concepts and models, we contend that Chinese authorities played a leading role in importing and exploiting these expositions as strategic instruments. They did so by actively and consciously mobilizing multiple urban actors such as social elites, but also civil society leaders and merchants. This article based on archival research on three expositions, provides novel insights into the urban history of the host cities during the exposition period.     

Towards a greater urban geography: regional planning and associational networks in London during the early twentieth century

This article examines commitment to the regional development of London as it emerged among individuals and groups interested in urban planning in the early twentieth century. Following a brief account of growth and reform in the capital during the nineteenth century, this article focuses on the development of debates about planning the metropolis in the first two decades of the century, exploring practical initiatives such as the Town Planning Conference held in 1910 and the production of The London Society's Development Plan for Greater London during the years of the First World War. London's associational culture was central in generating and hosting discussions about the future of the city during this period and the article provides an indication of the extent of overlapping memberships between groups such as the Royal Institute of British Architects, The London Society and the Town Planning Institute. In conclusion, this article suggests that the regional imagination, central to the later development of planning, was clearly visible in the programme of work undertaken during the First World War and that associational networks were an important part of early professionalization in planning in Britain.     

Crossing the roads: urban diagonals in New Zealand and the nineteenth century Anglo-colonial world

Diagonal street orientations in urban Europe were cut through the crust of the ancient city by popes, monarchs and governments to create a network of voided lines and points which injected the city with new levels of functionality and legibility for a particular regime. In the Anglo-Colonial New World, the grid was the dominant plan form with diagonals emerging only occasionally, as gestures of projected urban grandeur, geometric whimsy or vigorous boosterism. Despite inauspicious beginnings in Auckland in 1841, diagonal planning became a feature of a number of New Zealand's cities and towns. The research methodology privileges the autonomy of visual language as a critical component of the economy of knowledge1 Josef Konvitz, Cities and the Sea: Port City Planning in Early Modern Europe (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1978), xii–xiii. and focuses on primary archival graphic material from the Alexander Turnbull Library, and the National Archives in Wellington. The paper surveys the development of diagonal plans across settlements in late nineteenth century New Zealand and, with reference to examples in the USA, identifies the typologies of, and motivations behind, diagonal planning in this context.     

Technology commercialization on campus: twentieth century frameworks and twenty-first century blind spots

This paper uses an interpretive analysis to exam past and present developments in knowledge commercialization and provide researchers, policy makers, and university leaders an alternative framework. The model is based on historical precedent, and current economic realities, for effectively commercializing knowledge in the entrepreneurial age. While traditional technology transfer focused on an organizational centric approach, we propose an individual centric model of technology commercialization from universities. The move from an organization centric model to an individual centric model will likely follow past eras of change and innovation in higher education. The challenge for regional and university leadership is clear. Find methods and models for unleashing the knowledge across campus to solve local and regional challenges.     

20世纪西方城市公共空间的衰退与复兴

通过对20世纪西方国家城市公共空间衰退原因的分析,以及对巴塞罗那公共空间复兴策略的研究,探讨了西方经验对我国城市规划的启示,指出进入20世纪公共空间不再仅仅意味着传统意义上的中心广场、道路节点、公园、会所等领域.     

20世纪东北地区炕柜装饰特征研究

对东北地区20世纪的炕柜进行了分析研究,从素颜美、彩绘美、雕刻美、镶嵌美等方面详细论述了该时段东北地区炕柜的装饰特征,为今后进一步研究关东文化提供了参考依据。     

以八大关建筑为例谈20世纪初期建筑施工

对八大关建筑在20世纪20年代建造施工流程及图纸要求进行了分析,并与中国四合院的传统施工过程进行了比较,探讨了现在建筑施工流程的进步与待改善之处,以使我国的整体建造水平有所提高。     

urbanHIST: a multidisciplinary research and training programme on the history of European urbanism in the twentieth century

ABSTRACT

This paper introduces the Planning Perspectives readership to urbanHIST, a current Horizon 2020 European Joint Doctorate programme that focuses on the history of European urbanism in the twentieth century. Its concept is based on the inherent multidisciplinary approach of the research field and the ambition to gain a pan-European perspective on planning history. The paper delineates the underlying general research trends and the current responses of urbanHIST. Finally, it connects the programme's thematic orientation with both, its external contributions and its internal key activities that might bridge the gap between the protected environment of a PhD programme with the reality of academic life.     

城市世纪、城市问题、城市规划与市长的作用

1　城市是新世纪关注的焦点1 1　从世界形势看 本文是作者在 1999年 11月 2 6日副省级和省会城市规划专题研究班的讲话的基础上修改而成。新世纪有“城市世纪”或“城市时代”之称 ,未来的世界被认为是一个城市化的世界。在世纪交接之际 ,人们在自觉地思考新世纪的走向 ,城市已经成为世界研究的焦点 :——— 1 993年 ,联合国东京会议称“2 1世纪将是一个新的城市世纪” ;——— 1 996年 ,联合国“全球人类住区报告”称“城市化的世界 (ａｎｕｒｂａｎｉｚｉｎｇｗｏｒｌｄ)” ;———从 1 986年开始 ,联合国将每年十月的第一个周一定为“世…     

非洲支持世界城市运动

科托努(贝宁)、达累斯萨拉姆(坦桑尼亚),约翰内斯堡(南非)和瓦加杜古(布基纳法索)等四个非洲城市入选首批百城行动.百城行动是一项新运动的一部分,旨在提高全世界对城市可持续发展需求的认识.     

The influence of Albi Cathedral: the use of historic precedent in nineteenth and twentieth century church design

In the period 1850s-1950s, British church building was strongly influenced by the mediaeval ecclesiastical architecture of southern France/northern Spain, in particular, Albi Cathedral. Albi, and churches in Toulouse and Gerona, influenced British church building in various different ways (which involved structure, form, and materials), but there was almost no attempt to reproduce their appearance. The wide-naved, internal buttress/aisle passage church was the result. This influence was at its highest during the later Victorian period - when there was a search for a new kind of church, appropriate for present circumstances - and in twentieth century cathedral design.     

The influence of Albi Cathedral: the use of historic precedent in nineteenth and twentieth century church design

In the period 1850s-1950s, British church building was strongly influenced by the mediaeval ecclesiastical architecture of southern France/northern Spain, in particular, Albi Cathedral. Albi, and churches in Toulouse and Gerona, influenced British church building in various different ways (which involved structure, form, and materials), but there was almost no attempt to reproduce their appearance. The wide-naved, internal buttress/aisle passage church was the result. This influence was at its highest during the later Victorian period - when there was a search for a new kind of church, appropriate for present circumstances - and in twentieth century cathedral design.     

Reality check: Planning education in the African urban century

Planning in Sub-Saharan Africa owes much to the colonial legacies that inform the shape and composition of African urban spaces and places. This applies to legislation, institutional systems and planning education. In 2008, the Association of African Planning Schools AAPSs embarked on a 3-year initiative on the revitalisation of planning education in Africa, funded by the Rockefeller Foundation. The aim of the project was to propose ways through which the training of urban planners can be more responsive to the special circumstances of African urbanisation. This paper reflects on this initiative.     

新世纪城市建设的发展走向

针对21世纪社会经济的高速发展形势,结合我国土地资源状况、城市建设及未来城市人口的增长速度等特点,从可持续发展的角度着重分析了新世纪城市建设的发展走向,指出加强新型结构、形式、新型建筑材料的研究,是实现新世纪建设的重要措施。