Health benefits of anthocyanins and molecular mechanisms: Update from recent decade

Anthocyanins are one of the most widespread families of natural pigments in the plant kingdom. Their health beneficial effects have been documented in many in vivo and in vitro studies. This review summarizes the most recent literature regarding the health benefits of anthocyanins and their molecular mechanisms. It appears that several signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor κB, AMP-activated protein kinase, and Wnt/β-catenin, as well as some crucial cellular processes, such as cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, and biochemical metabolism, are involved in these beneficial effects and may provide potential therapeutic targets and strategies for the improvement of a wide range of diseases in future. In addition, specific anthocyanin metabolites contributing to the observed in vivo biological activities, structure–activity relationships as well as additive and synergistic efficacy of anthocyanins are also discussed.     

Update on recycled paperboard and its compliance for food contact

The last 3 years brought much movement around the migration from recycled paperboard in general and of mineral oil in particular. It has been shown that it is unrealistic to ensure the safety of the many and variable migrants from recycled fibers. The toxicological evaluation of mineral oil remains uncertain, but the strong accumulation of certain saturated mineral hydrocarbons in human tissues might increase the concern. The draft of a German regulation on mineral oil migration from recycled paper and board struggles with the difficult analysis in food, but frequent measurement in food is avoidable if the compliance work can be based on citable systematic studies. In the discussions about potential solutions, the introduction of barriers prevails. Internal bags with barrier layers have been widely introduced. For packings without internal bags, barriers on the internal surface of the recycled paperboard have been developed, but not yet introduced into the market on broad scale. An agreed method for measuring barrier efficiency and a specification of minimum required efficiency are probably a prerequisite. Work for an industry standard on barriers is on-going in Switzerland.     

Print＇09数码印后设备盘点

2009年9月的Print＇09展会上．数码印刷毫无疑问地成为主角,而与之配套的数码印后设备也顺理成章地成为人们关注的热点。众多数码印后设备的推出,为数码印刷行业提供了更多的选择。     

Devices for measuring electrostatic generation and dissipation on the surfaces of polymeric materials

Dynamic electrostatic generation and dissipation on polymer surfaces are of great importance for materials such as yarns and films. To support fundamental research in this area, innovative devices and experimental techniques that can lead to a better understanding of these phenomena are of obvious academic and industrial interest. This paper reports the development of devices for testing the electrostatic generation/dissipation properties of polymer surfaces. These devices include a tester for assessing moving yarns, a high-resistance system to measure the yarn's linear resistance, a tester for evaluating stationary fabrics or films while rubbing against a moving surface and a contact charge tester for investigating charge generated by contacting of two surfaces. These devices enable the study of the influences of relative moving speed, yarn tension, electrostatic charge properties of yarns, as well as contact pressure, rubbing speed, number of rubbings or contacts on the static charge properties of films.     

盘点印刷机上的安全装置

自动化、智能化的印刷机安全装置是现代印刷机必不可少的组成部分。一台合格的印刷机的设计必须满足保护操作人员的人身安全、印刷设备的安全、印刷品质量安全这三个方面的要求。只有给印刷机设置了合理的安全装置,才能有效地避免各种意外事故的发生,最大限度地确保操作人员、印刷设备和印刷品质量的安全,所以安全装置对于印刷机具有十分重要的作用,     

新型脂质体的研究进展

作为药物传递系统的载体,纳米脂质体、柔性脂质体、多糖包覆脂质体等新型脂质体的研究已取得显著进展,现将最新进展进行综述,关注的焦点是脂质体的稳定性、生物粘附性、耐酶性以及在血循环中的长循环性、隐形性、立体稳定性、控释性、靶向性,以提高药物的生物利用度。同时对作为第二代脂质体的固体脂质纳米粒作了简要的论述。     

Update on the chemopreventive effects of ginger and its phytochemicals

The rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae), commonly known as ginger, is one of the most widely used spice and condiment. It is also an integral part of many traditional medicines and has been extensively used in Chinese, Ayurvedic, Tibb-Unani, Srilankan, Arabic, and African traditional medicines, since antiquity, for many unrelated human ailments including common colds, fever, sore throats, vomiting, motion sickness, gastrointestinal complications, indigestion, constipation, arthritis, rheumatism, sprains, muscular aches, pains, cramps, hypertension, dementia, fever, infectious diseases, and helminthiasis. The putative active compounds are nonvolatile pungent principles, namely gingerols, shogaols, paradols, and zingerone. These compounds are some of the extensively studied phytochemicals and account for the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiemetic, and gastroprotective activities. A number of preclinical investigations with a wide variety of assay systems and carcinogens have shown that ginger and its compounds possess chemopreventive and antineoplastic effects. A number of mechanisms have been observed to be involved in the chemopreventive effects of ginger. The cancer preventive activities of ginger are supposed to be mainly due to free radical scavenging, antioxidant pathways, alteration of gene expressions, and induction of apoptosis, all of which contribute towards decrease in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression. This review provides concise information from preclinical studies with both cell culture models and relevant animal studies by focusing on the mechanisms responsible for the chemopreventive action. The conclusion describes directions for future research to establish its activity and utility as a human cancer preventive and therapeutic drug. The above-mentioned mechanisms of ginger seem to be promising for cancer prevention; however, further clinical studies are warranted to assess the efficacy and safety of ginger.     

大学生足部健康调查分析

采用自然抽样的调查方法,获取珠宝系606名学生的脚印图以及脚部各部位尺寸。结果显示:受试者中女生脚型跖围集中在一型区域,适合的中号鞋码在36～37码之间;男生脚型跖围集中在一型半和两型之间,适合的中号鞋码在40码左右;扁平足占8.17%,正常脚占70.26%,高弓脚占21.57%。由此得出结论:南方青少年的脚型在各个部位尺寸均与北方存在较大差异,在标样楦设计与制作、中号码确定等方面应考虑到地域差异。     

北京大学医学部集体就餐学生营养调查

分析集体就餐学生群体能量摄入量和各种营养素摄入水平。方便抽样集体就餐学生共40名作为调查对象,通过称重法与24h膳食回顾法分别估算能量和营养素水平。在3d时间内,男生的平均能量摄入量为2 260±588kcal/d;女生为2 022±461kcal/d,低于我国目前现行的轻体力活动成年男女能量推荐量。男女生各餐供能比分别为早餐14.2%、23.0%;午餐31.5%、24.4%;晚餐39.6%、27.6%;三餐外进食分别为14.7%和25.0%。3大营养素供能比(碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质)男生分别为51.4%、35.2%、13.4%;女生分别为50.7%、36.1%、13.2%。膳食中矿物质和维生素摄入量普遍不足。膳食结构中脂肪提供的能量比例增加,早餐供能比过低,蔬菜水果和乳制品摄入量不足,矿物质维生素未达到推荐量是目前该群体普遍现象,应增加在校集体就餐学生食物品种的多样性,对大学生集体就餐群体制定相应干预策略。     

电气与仪表在生产实践中操作性的探讨

电气与仪表相关理论的分析。电气与仪表专业之间的分工及带来的负面影响。结合盐化工生产和管理上的需要,电气与仪表的分工随着今后自动化的发展将会顺应时代的发展要求,最终走向统一的方向。     

流态化分级塔出料装置的设计与研究

针对流化分级塔的出料不易控制,设计了可调的螺旋机,并利用该装置研究了螺旋输送机输送速率与驱动螺旋输送机直流电机两端电压的关系,结合料封装置做到了出料稳定且可控,从而为实现连续流态化分级实验提供了条件。     

Dietary Assessment and Self-monitoring With Nutrition Applications for Mobile Devices

Nutrition applications for mobile devices (e.g., personal digital assistants, smartphones) are becoming increasingly accessible and can assist with the difficult task of intake recording for dietary assessment and self-monitoring. This review is a compilation and discussion of research on this tool for dietary intake documentation in healthy populations and those trying to lose weight. The purpose is to compare this tool with conventional methods (e.g., 24-hour recall interviews, paper-based food records). Research databases were searched from January 2000 to April 2011, with the following criteria: healthy or weight loss populations, use of a mobile device nutrition application, and inclusion of at least one of three measures, which were the ability to capture dietary intake in comparison with conventional methods, dietary self-monitoring adherence, and changes in anthropometrics and/or dietary intake. Eighteen studies are discussed. Two application categories were identified: those with which users select food and portion size from databases and those with which users photograph their food. Overall, positive feedback was reported with applications. Both application types had moderate to good correlations for assessing energy and nutrient intakes in comparison with conventional methods. For self-monitoring, applications versus conventional techniques (often paper records) frequently resulted in better self-monitoring adherence, and changes in dietary intake and/or anthropometrics. Nutrition applications for mobile devices have an exciting potential for use in dietetic practice.     

钻孔加工中心

板式家具和厨房家具加工的主要工序可分为裁板、封边、钻孔三大单元。其中钻孔加工是变化最多、加工精度要求最高的加工单元。根据零部件不同的要求,钻孔位置的分布、钻孔的孔径也随之发生变化,以适应安装连接件、定位件、五金配件等。     

数码印后设备发展浅析

与不断增长的数码印刷方式相匹配的印后加工解决方案主要有3种方式,其一,添加联机印后加工设备,其二,在印刷设备附近添加独立的印后加工设备,其三,安排印后加工供应商.第3种方案,显然花费时间最多.     

一种新型集聚纺装置张紧棒

为降低细纱机集聚纺纱装置制造成本,节能并降低用户运行成本,将原设计滑动摩擦的张紧棒改为滚动摩擦,详细讨论了3个方案的内容,并分析对比其应用效果,指出采用深沟球轴承的张紧棒,能更好保证网格圈转动的一致性,有利于更好地集聚纺纱。     

西地那非临床应用的研究进展

西地那非（Sil）1998年间世以来,从基础到临床进行了广泛的研究,成果丰硕。循证医学资料表明,Sil治疗勃起功能障碍（ED）具有良好的安全性、耐受性、有效性。对不同病因和多种伴发疾病以及并用除硝酸酯类外药物的ED患者均有显著疗效;还认为Sil长期服用防治ED是可行的。Sil提高cGMP水平,在细胞信号转导系统中,发挥重要作用,具有较广泛的生物活性和药理作用。因此,Sil治疗非ED疾病的信息受到关注,本文作了重点论述。     

数码印后加工设备选购

随着社会的快速发展．人们对印刷品的消费需求也发生了颠覆性的变化．小批量、个性化的印刷品将越来越成为市场的宠儿,按需印刷成为时下最为新型的印刷市场。前几年．印前、印刷设备就已实现了数字化．而印后加工由于形式多样、工序繁多．