镍基耐蚀合金特性及其应用研究分析

镍基耐蚀合金属于一种高性能的耐蚀材料。针对防腐蚀问题,笔者主要总结了纯镍的性质和耐蚀特点,探究了镍基耐蚀合金与镍铬不锈钢及镍基高温合金之间的区别与联系,同时阐述了目前在工程中使用镍基耐蚀合金的种类及其应用现状,突出了高性能通用型镍铬钼合金的特征与实际情况。     

高性能镍基耐腐蚀合金的开发进展

简要介绍了国内外镍基耐蚀合金的开发概况。综述了合金系列、成分及其性能特点。最后指出了镍基耐蚀合金的发展动向,强调性价比、细化合金性能分别代表了当前的两大发展方向。     

新型固溶强化型镍基高温合金——Haynes230

Haynes230合金是一种新型镍基高温合金,广泛用于制造航空涡轮发动机燃烧室、地面燃气轮机燃烧室以及化工工业领域的高温耐蚀零部件,而且其应用领域还在进一步扩大.从研究背景、合金设计思路出发,结合实验数据对Haynes230合金的微观组织、力学性能、热稳定性和抗氧化性进行分析介绍,为扩大合金在工业领域的应用提供了依据.     

球磨时间对镍基ODS合金拉伸性能的影响

研究了球磨时间对Y2O3氧化物弥散强化(ODS)镍基高温合金机械合金化和拉伸性能的影响.镍基高温合金采用机械合金化和热压烧结方法制备.镍基ODS高温合金粉末是在行星式球磨机上进行球磨.采用扫描电镜及X射线衍射分析了球磨时间对镍基ODS合金粉末形貌和物相的影响.研究结果表明,Y2O3氧化物弥散强化镍基高温合金机械合金化粉末尺寸随研磨时间的增加先增大后减小,8h粉末颗粒尺寸达到最大,之后粉末颗粒尺寸逐渐减小,28h后,镍基ODS合金粉末尺寸稳定且均匀.拉伸结果表明,采用研磨28h的合金粉末制备的镍基ODS合金具有最高的抗拉强度(1300MPa).     

高性能镍基耐蚀合金的特性与研究动向

在概述镍基体的性质和镍基耐蚀材料的成分与工艺设计的基础上,介绍了镍基耐蚀材料的耐蚀特性并与其它材料作了比较,综述了现阶段此类材料的研究与发展动向。     

Hastelloy C-276中碳化物析出及晶界贫Mo规律研究

研究了Hastelloy C-276在550,750,800℃等温时效不同时间后的相析出及晶界附近Mo的质量分数变化规律,结果表明:M6C型碳化物在较短时间内会沿晶界析出,且随碳化物的不断析出晶界附近Mo的质量分数会不断降低直到某一最小值(约为6%),然后开始升高.由于镍基耐蚀合金中Mo元素含量对其耐蚀性能有重大影响,...     

镍基单晶高温合金的再结晶

镍基单晶高温合金作为先进发动机叶片的主要用材,其再结晶问题日益受到重视.本文综述了热处理温度、热处理时间、变形程度及合金成分等多种因素对镍基单晶高温合金再结晶的影响规律,分析了镍基单晶高温合金再结晶对其蠕变和疲劳性能的影响,并讨论了回复处理及浸蚀直接去除表面变形层、渗碳和表面涂层等控制再结晶的方法.最后,指出了镍基单晶...     

熔体过热对镍基高温合金凝固组织及性能的影响研究

基于对镍基高温合金熔体结构的认识,选择合适的熔体过热温度、过热时间和浇注温度,熔体过热处理可有效改善镍基高温合金的凝固组织并提高合金的力学性能.本文介绍了国内外熔体过热对镍基高温合金凝固组织及力学性能的研究进展.     

电沉积Zn-Ni合金纳米多层膜的耐蚀性能

为了研究Zn-Ni合金纳米多层膜的耐蚀性能,制备了纯锌、锌镍合金及镍含量不同的锌镍合金纳米多层膜3种镀层.采用中性盐雾试验、浸泡试验和电化学试验法对锌镍合金多层膜的耐蚀性进行了研究.采用EDAX、锌镍合金相图、扫描电镜,对多层膜的成分、相结构和镀层的表面形貌进行了研究.结果表明:合金多层膜是由含镍量为14%左右的低镍层和含镍量为77%左右的高镍层叠加而成,其低镍层的相结构主要为γ相,高镍层的相结构为γ+α2种相组织的混合相;多层膜表面较为致密,无明显的缺陷组织,其调制波长为366 nm左右,其耐蚀性能优于纯锌镀层和锌镍合金镀层.     

增材制造镍基高温合金研究进展

镍基高温合金具有强度高、抗氧化能力好、蠕变强度和持久强度好以及抗燃气腐蚀能力的特点,被广泛应用于航空航天、汽车通讯、船舶制造等领域.近年来,增材制造技术的进步加速了增材制造镍基高温合金的发展.激光增材制造对于镍基高温合金的制备具有独特的优势,如生产周期短、成本低以及可进行功能预设等.对于航空发动机及燃气机轮中喷嘴、燃烧室等热段部件以及航天飞行器等复杂零件的成形制造非常有利.目前,相关方面的研究热点主要有激光增材制造过程中凝固组织的变化规律、工艺参数与熔池宏观形态间的关系、残余应力的分析以及缺陷的探究.本文综述了增材制造技术制备镍基高温合金的研究进展,简要概括了增材制造技术和镍基高温合金的发展概况,总结了用增材制造技术制备的镍基高温合金成形件的显微组织、后处理后组织的变化及其对力学性能的影响,最后阐述了增材制造镍基高温合金成形件存在的缺陷及解决方法.     

Hot-corrosion-resistant duplex coatings for a superalloy

The goal of this program was to evaluate the hot corrosion resistance of a variety of cobalt-, nickel- and iron-based coating alloys containing chromium and sometimes aluminum and/or yttrium. The coatings were deposited onto two nickel-based superalloys by physical vapor deposition from an electron-beam-heated source. As a group, the cobalt-based compositions were found to be much more hot corrosion resistant than the nickel-based alloys. The iron-based coatings had relatively poor hot corrosion resistance.The coefficients of thermal expansion for a number of Co-Cr-Al-Y alloys were measured. Compositions with low (0–6%) aluminum and high (26–35%) chromium contents were found to have a reasonably close thermal expansion match with IN-738. If a duplex overlayer of aluminum was diffused into the outer regions of these coatings, it greatly enhanced their hot corrosion resistance.Ductile-to-brittle transition temperatures in the range 760–871 °C were measured for several Co-Cr-based coatings on IN-738. Measurements made on similarly coated IN-738 test bars showed that stress-rupture properties were generally lower than the baseline data for IN-738 but were above the standard deviation (3σ) curve.     

Fundamentals and advances in magnesium alloy corrosion

There remains growing interest in magnesium (Mg) and its alloys, as they are the lightest structural metallic materials. Mg alloys have the potential to enable design of lighter engineered systems, including positive implications for reduced energy consumption. Furthermore, Mg alloys are also emerging as viable biodegradable materials and battery electrodes. In spite of the greatest historical Mg usage at present, the wider use of Mg alloys remains restricted by a number of inherent limitations, including vulnerability to corrosion, poor formability and low creep resistance. This review covers recent research that has led to advances in Mg-alloy corrosion; including the application of contemporary methods for understanding Mg corrosion, the establishment of an electrochemical framework for Mg corrosion, illumination of alloying effects, and attempts at corrosion resistant Mg alloys. A discussion drawing from many sources provides an unbiased focus on new achievements, as well as some contentious issues in the field. The electrochemistry of Mg is reviewed in detail, including so-called anodic hydrogen evolution and cathodic activation. This review also covers atmospheric corrosion, and biodegradable Mg alloys. Finally, past and present trends in the field of Mg corrosion are reviewed, identifying knowledge gaps, whilst attempting to also identify future developments and directions.     

纳米晶体材料腐蚀行为的研究进展

抗腐蚀能力是实现纳米材料广泛应用的关键.综述了近几年国内外在这一领域的研究进展,重点介绍了表面纳米化金属和纳米软磁材料的耐腐蚀性能,针对不同方法制备纳米材料的腐蚀行为进行了讨论和比较.并分析了纳米晶体材料腐蚀研究中存在的问题,提出了进一步研究的思路.     

电沉积镍基合金及其耐磨耐蚀性能研究

采用电沉积方法制备出Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ晶态合金及Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｐ晶态、非晶态合金,并对它们的硬度及耐磨耐蚀性能进行了调查,指出非晶态Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ－Ｐ合金是一种优良的耐磨耐蚀材料。     

Corrosion and stress-corrosion resistance of deposited metals in hydrogen-sulfide solutions

We study the corrosion, electrochemical, and corrosion–mechanical properties of deposited KKh30N6VSR cobalt-based, NKh15SR3 nickel-based, and Kh16N8S5 iron-based alloys in a standard NACE hydrogen-sulfide solution. It is shown that the deposited Kh16N8S5 iron-based alloy is unsuitable for these conditions due to its low corrosion resistance and susceptibility to hydrogen-induced cracking. The cobalt- and nickel-based alloys are suitable for the surfacing of the components of shutoff fittings of the oil-and-gas extraction equipment. However, as far as the “operating characteristics–cost” ratio is concerned, the nickel-based alloy outweighs the cobalt- based alloy.     

耐蚀油套管管材的国内外研究现状

世界油气田中大约1/2含有H2S和CO2气体,针对CO2/H2S腐蚀所采取最安全的防护措施是使用耐蚀油套管材料。本文综述了国内外抗腐蚀油套管管材的研究现状,详细介绍了低碳钢、低合金钢、低碳3-5wt.%Cr钢、13Cr和超级13Cr不锈钢的冶金成分、组织结构及抗CO2/H2S腐蚀,特别是抗硫化物应力腐蚀开裂(SSC)的性能。指出了耐蚀油套管管材在CO2/H2S油气田应用的不足之处及在以后研发过程中有待解决的问题。     

铝基非晶合金防腐蚀耐磨损性能的研究进展

Al基非晶合金具有优异的防腐蚀耐磨损性能.综述了Al基非晶合金由热处理和变形处理引起的晶化,介绍了Al基非晶合金材料防腐蚀耐磨损性能的研究现状,指出Al基非晶合金在控制非晶纳米晶比例、提高该非晶纳米晶涂层中非晶含量的研究动态,展望了Al基非晶合金材料在海洋装备防护等领域的运用价值.     

镁合金电偶腐蚀研究及其进展

研究了镁合金AM60与异种金属Q235碳钢、18-8不锈钢、LY12铝合金和纯铝之间的电偶腐蚀,介绍了镁合金电偶腐蚀的最新研究进展,重点探讨了影响镁合金电偶腐蚀的因素和减轻镁合金电偶腐蚀的措施,最后提出了镁合金电偶腐蚀研究中需要解决的科学问题.研究和讨论分析表明,为防止镁合金电偶腐蚀,应全面而系统地进行合理的结构设计、选择合适的匹配材料、在镁合金和异种金属表面分别涂装性能优良的耐碱性涂层体系.由于镁腐蚀发生碱化,所以防止电偶腐蚀的环境应避免选用含铝涂层体系.     

Magnesium based degradable biomaterials: A review

Magnesium has been suggested as a revolutionary biodegradable metal for biomedical applications. The corrosion of magnesium, however, is too rapid to match the rates of tissue healing and, additionally, exhibits the localized corrosion mechanism. Thus it is necessary to control the corrosion behaviors of magnesium for their practical use. This paper comprehensively reviews the research progress on the development of representative magnesium based alloys, including Mg-Ca, Mg-Sr, Mg-Zn and Mg-REE alloy systems as well as the bulk metallic glass. The influence of alloying element on their microstructures, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviors is summarized. The mechanical and corrosion properties of wrought magnesium alloys are also discussed in comparison with those of cast alloys. Furthermore, this review also covers research carried out in the field of the degradable coatings on magnesium alloys for biomedical applications. Calcium phosphate and biodegradable polymer coatings are discussed based on different preparation techniques used. We also compare the effect of different coatings on the corrosion behaviors of magnesium alloys substrate.     

碳对镍基高温合金AM3热腐蚀性能的影响

为了更充分地了解碳对镍基高温合金热腐蚀性能的影响,提高合金的耐热腐蚀性能,本文研究了不同碳含量镍基高温合金AM3在850℃条件下,经75%Na2SO4+25%NaCl饱和混合盐溶液热腐蚀5 h的行为。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等测试方法分析了合金热腐蚀后的组织形貌和腐蚀产物。研究表明,腐蚀5 h过程中,碳含量(质量分数)为0、0.045%、0.15%的合金持续增重,碳含量为0.085%的合金在2~4 h发生氧化膜与盐膜的碱性熔融,有失重现象存在。合金加入碳后,促使合金表层腐蚀层变薄且与基体结合力变好。含碳的镍基高温合金腐蚀层产物以氧化物为主,主要有NiO、TiO2、Al2O3、Cr2O3。碳含量(质量分数)为0.085%、0.15%的合金由于腐蚀层氧化物较薄,可检测到Al4CrNi15、Ni3Al相的存在。综合分析发现碳含量为0.085%时,合金耐热腐蚀性能达到最优。