HTP工艺生产X80管线钢的微观组织分析研究

以低碳高铌X80管线钢为研究对象,分析了钢的微观组织和析出的二相粒子。研究结果表明:高温轧制工艺(HTP)生产高铌钢的微观组织主要为针状铁素体,析出物大部分为附着在高热稳定性方形Ti N粒子上的圆形Nb(C,N)所形成的不规则复合析出。降低N含量并进行Ti/N比值调整能提高钢中固溶铌的含量,充分发挥高铌含量的作用。     

南钢HTP工艺试制高铌X80管线钢的组织性能研究

对南钢试制的低碳、高铌、不添加钼成分的高温轧制(HTP)的X80管线钢钢板的性能进行了分析,针对其显微组织特点进行了详细的观察和研究,并对DWTT断口形貌、夹杂物以及第二相21粒子的成分、尺寸及分布进行了分析,证实了采用HTP工艺技术生产的管线钢板能够完全达到X80的现行技术标准要求;而且低碳、高铌、不添加钼的成分可以大幅度降低生产成本,有助于提升管线钢的竞争力.     

HTP工艺试制高铌X80管线钢的组织性能研究

对南钢试制的低碳、高铌、不添加钼成分的高温轧制(HTP)的X80管线钢钢板的性能进行了分析,针对其显微组织特点进行了详细的观察和研究,并对DWTT断口形貌、夹杂物以及第二相粒子的成分、尺寸及分布进行了分析,证实了采用HTP工艺技术生产的管线钢板完全能够达到X80的现行技术标准要求。     

空冷弛豫对铌微合金化热轧多相钢组织性能的影响

研究了铌微合金化试验钢控冷过程空冷弛豫温度对其组织和力学性能的影响,结合金相、电镜观察以及XRD技术分析了弛豫过程铁索体组织的演变、基体中的应变诱导析出行为以及组织中的残余奥氏体量变化.结果表明,轧后采用弛豫+超快冷的控冷工艺可以得到含有铁素体、贝氏体和残余奥氏体的多相组织,弛豫终止温度显著影响铁素体晶粒尺寸、铁素体量...     

高温轧制工艺（HTP）在高强度油气输送管线钢生产中的应用

近10年来油气输送管线的高运行压力，使得市场对具有良好低温韧性的X70、X80高强度管线钢的需求越来越大。当今要求在系列温度范围具有良好韧性的API X70管线项目的含金设计方法通常有两种：一种是获得铁素体／珠光体金相组织的低碳加锰低舍金高强度钢化学成分设计；一种是获得铁素体／针状铁素体金相组织的低碳加锰加钼的低合金高强度钢化学成分设计。当今要求在系列温度范围具有较高韧性的API X80管线项目的合金设计方法通常是低碳加锰加钼以获得传统的铁素体／针状铁素体组织。这种合金设计方法是生产高强度高韧性油气输送管线钢的通用方法，这在很多文献中也有过描述。近来，一种采用有利于形成铁素体／针状铁素体组织的低碳加锰加高铌的合金设计方法已经成功应用于一条API X80管线项目。该成分设计之所以独特在于它采用合金设计的轧制温度比传统的低碳加锰加钼的合金设计的轧制温度高，同时又能满足API X70或X80管线项目对钢管强度和韧性的要求。此外，不加钼就能获得理想的金相组织、强度和韧性，这对保证钢管母材、热影响区和焊缝的硬度低于260 Hv10也是很有利的。该合金设计能在较高温度轧制对提高产量和减小生产中轧机的制约（轧机栽荷问题，板形问题等）有利，这是需要在较低温度轧制的传统的低碳加锰加钼的合金设计方法所不能比的。该论文阐述了世界上第一条采用低碳加锰只加铌的合金设计和高温轧制工艺（HTP）的API X80输气管线的开发和生产情况。     

铌在X70管线钢热轧卷板中的应用

采用低碳高铌C-Mn-Mo-Nb系或C-Mn-Cr-Nb系,同时结合纯净钢冶炼连铸工艺和热机械轧制工艺等技术,在鞍钢ASP流程开发出X70管线钢热轧卷板。其产品组织为针状铁素体组织,具有高强度、高韧性、良好焊接性能和抗HIC性能,制成螺旋埋弧焊管已应用于国家重点管线工程。     

钛微合金化X70管线钢动态CCT曲线研究

结合CSP短流程Ti微合金化X70管线钢的开发,用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机测定了钛微合金化X70管线钢在不同冷却速度下的动态CCT曲线,分析和观察了对应的相变和组织.实验结果表明,钛微合金化X70管线钢控冷工艺对其组织有较大影响.钛微合金化X70管线钢中针状铁素体的比例随热变形后冷却速度的提高而增加,但冷却速度达到10℃/s以后,该比例变化不大.为了得到具有优良综合性能的X70管线钢,即得到以细小均匀的针状铁素体为主的理想组织,应将冷却速度控制在10℃/s左右.     

X70管线钢生产中控轧控冷工艺的应用

文简述了控轧控冷工艺在舞钢X70管线钢生产中的应用，讨论了影响控轧控冷钢性能的工艺因素。结果表明，舞钢采用两阶段控制轧制和在线控制冷却生产的X70钢板组织以针状铁索体为主，综合力学性能良好。     

冷却条件对42CrMo钢组织和性能的影响

随着冷却速度的增加,42CrMo钢组织变化依次是多边形铁素体组织、针状铁索体组织、上贝氏体和板条马氏体的混合组织,为了得到理想的性能,需要得到对应的组织。     

高等级管线钢的发展现状

回顾总结了近年来国际上高等级管线钢的发展.现代管线钢向高强度、大厚度、抗应变和抗HIC方向发展.为降低长距离天然气管线的建设成本,开发了X100和X120超高强度管线管,并进行了X100和X120管线试验段建设,取得了显著的进展.开发了以双相显微组织为特征的满足"基于应变设计"的抗大应变高强度管线钢,强度等级从X65至X100,可应用于冻土带、地震区和水土流失区域的管线建设.海底管线用钢和抗HIC管线管的强度等级已从以往的X65提高到X70,X70管线管的最大壁厚可达34.1 mm,并已批量在工程中应用.新型的HTP高强度管线钢采用超低碳高铌含铬的成分设计,具有十分优良的性能,用铬替代钼可显著地降低成本,生产的X80管线管已应用于美国第一条X80管线.     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.     

深云立交桥梁检测及加固改造

根据深云立交桥梁的检测结果，对该桥目前的整体状况、工作状态，及其使用情况做出综合评价，对桥的病害原因进行了分析，并提出合理的加固方案。     

关于摩尔浓度及其与硬度转换关系问题的讨论

众所周知，国际单位制物质的量采用摩尔(mol)表示，近几年出版的给排水专业书籍，为了与国际单位制接轨，逐渐将摩尔的使用频率不断提高，被给排水技术人员广泛应用的新版给排水设计手册，将表示物质浓度的单位“当量／升”或“毫克当量／升”．改为mol／l或mmol／l，虽然编者对其基本单元定义作了说明，但在实际运用上仍会出现误解，     

《儿子与情人》的语码转换与男女二元对立

劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》一个鲜明的语言特色就是标准英语和当地方言频繁的语码转换。莫瑞尔用方言来对抗妻子,而妻子坚持用标准英语,偶尔也用方言来讽刺、挖苦丈夫。语码转换反映了劳伦斯男女二元对立的哲学思想。