ABR处理淀粉废水的反应规律研究

研究了厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)启动阶段在不同的水力条件和容积负荷下,对有机负荷为1.2～3.6kgCODCr/(m3·d)淀粉溶液的CODCr去除率,以及ABR工艺运行过程中的影响因素进行分析。初步研究结果表明,在启动阶段中低负荷反应条件下①HRT12h、CODCr600mg/L、容积负荷1.2kgCODCr/(m3·d);②HRT12h、CODCr1200mg/L、容积负荷2.4kgCODCr/(m3·d);③HRT8h、CODCr1200mg/L、容积负荷3.6kgCODCr/(m3·d),ABR反应器对CODCr均有较高的去除率。运行稳定后,ABR反应器的CODCr去除率在80%左右,扫描电镜检测结果表明各隔室中的微生物以球菌为主。研究表明ABR工艺是一种运行稳定、高效率的有机废水处理技术。     

酵母预处理-UASB-SBR工艺处理高浓度豆制品废水

选用酵母菌预处理-UASB-SBR工艺处理高浓度豆制品废水.运行结果表明,当UASB反应器的容积负荷为9.8 kg CODCr/(m3·d),SBR氧化池的污泥负荷为0.26 kg CODCr/(kgVSS·d)时,在进水CODCr,BOD5,TN,SS分别为19 500 mg/L,10 600 mg/L,800 mg/L,1 200mg/L的条件下,出水水质可达到国家<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)的一级标准.     

基于静沉试验的给水厂污泥重力浓缩池的设计探讨

根据实测得到的静态沉降曲线讨论迪克理论和柯伊-克里维什理论在给水厂污泥重力浓缩池设计中的应用。运用迪克理论时,考虑与不考虑排泥固体通量,所得的总固体通量最小值分别为195kg/(m2·d)和49kg/(m2·d),差别很大。结合给水厂污泥浓缩池的实际工作情况,设计时宜采用保守设计,即不考虑排泥固体通量的影响。运用柯伊-克里维什理论时,浓缩要达到的目标浓度的取值应根据脱水机械对进泥浓度的要求来确定。     

新型摇动填料生物膜反应器处理生活污水的试验研究

采用新型摇动填料生物膜反应器处理生活污水,获得了较好的CODCr和NH3-N去除效果.水力停留时间为1.1 h时,CODCr进水负荷最高可达5.5 kgCODCr/(m3·d),平均进水负荷为3.65 kgCODCr/(m3·d),出水CODCr平均浓度48 mg/L;氨氮进水负荷最高可达1.2 kg NH3-N/(m3·d),出水氨氮平均值低于5 mg/L.摇动填料内生物膜硝化活性高于降解有机物活性,且上部生物膜活性普遍高于中部和下部.系统污泥产率系数为0.15 gSS/gCODCr,低于传统活性污泥法的污泥产率.     

新型亚硝化工艺开发研究

采用长污泥龄、低氧或微氧工艺控制亚硝化反应,成功地开发出了一种全新的亚硝化工艺,连续运转245d。试验结果表明,新型亚硝化工艺氨氮转化率平均为68.1%,亚硝酸盐氮生成率为63.7%,硝酸盐氮生成率平均为1.2%,氨氮几乎全部转化为亚硝酸盐氮,未发生硝酸盐积累。出水中氨氮负荷为0.238kgN/(m3·d),亚硝酸盐氮负荷为0.526kgN/(m3·d),污泥龄为198d,污泥比增长率为0.0051d-1,污泥产率为0.0375gVSS/gNH3-N。长污泥龄、低溶解氧、游离氨、亚硝酸抑制等的共同作用,是实现稳定亚硝化的关键。     

BAF工艺在炼油废水处理中的应用

BAF工艺用于处理炼油废水,水力停留时间3h,CODCr、石油类、酚、硫的去除率分别达到73.4%、84。4%、97.8%、93.5%,CODCr容积负荷为3kg/(m3·d),BAF段进水CODCr≤500mg/L,石油类≤30mg/L,挥发酚≤40mg/L,硫化物≤30mg/L时,出水各指标达到国家一级排放标准(GB8978-1996),具有较高处理效率和抗冲击负荷性能。     

常温亚硝化—厌氧氨氧化工艺对淀粉废水生物脱氮的研究

采用常温亚硝化—厌氧氨氧化工艺对淀粉废水生物处理出水进行生物脱氮处理,在SBR亚硝化反应器和气提式亚硝化反应器中均实现了稳定的半亚硝化反应。亚硝化—厌氧氨氧化工艺正常运行时,全流程总氮去除率基本维持在80%左右,最高达85.5%。一级亚硝化反应进水容积负荷为0.20kg/(m3·d),平均HRT为1.11d。厌氧氨氧化平均总氮进水容积负荷为1.11kg/(m3·d),最高达1.61kg/(m3·d);平均总氮去除负荷为0.83kg/(m3·d),最高去除负荷达1.29kg/(m3·d);平均HRT为0.20d。淀粉工业废水生物处理后出水中的有机物对亚硝化和厌氧氨氧化反应均未产生显著影响,所含过多的悬浮物和胶体物对亚硝化—厌氧氨氧化反应器存在潜在影响。     

SMBR处理聚酯废水的研究与应用

为降低聚酯废水的处理成本,进行了用SMBR处理聚酯废水的中试研究,处理规模为1.3~5m3/d,考察了水力停留时间、有机负荷、溶解氧等因素对处理效果的影响。试验结果表明:SMBR的容积负荷可达0.55~2kgCODCr/(m3·d),而污泥负荷基本保持在0.1~0.23kgCODCr/(kgMLSS·d);SMBR对聚酯废水具有良好且稳定的处理效果,在最佳操作条件下,当进水CODCr不超过2000mg/L时,CODCr的平均去除率达到93%以上;SMBR工艺具有良好的经济技术可行性,在对原有的厌氧接触—生物接触氧化—氧化塘改造后,出水CODCr稳定在100mg/L以下,且其他各项指标均达《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)一级标准,处理成本也大幅下降。     

低浓度氨氮条件下厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动研究

对低浓度氨氮(12mg/L)条件下厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动进行了试验研究,采用SBR在5个多月的时间内成功实现了厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动,并培养出了颗粒污泥。在稳定运行期间,氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率分别为94.5%和97.4%;氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮的容积负荷分别为11.4g/(m3·d)和11.1g/(m3·d)。     

天津石化公司纯氧活性污泥法处理厂简介

天津石化公司纯氧活性污泥法处理厂的设计参数为:曝气池 MLSS=5g/L,F/M=0.4,泥龄6～10天;二沉池水力负荷0.47m~3/(m~2·h),固体负荷84kg/(m~2·d)。当进水 BOD_5=560mg/L,COD_(cr)=800mg/L 时,出水 BOD_5<25mg/L,COD_(cr)<90mg/L。与普通曝气池相比,其所需的动力总功率降低50%,基建用地节省三分之一。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。     

Fish assemblage response to recent mitigation of a channelized warmwater stream

Various designs of low‐head dams are used to rehabilitate streams or forestall upstream channel incision after channelization. We report on the efficacy of using notched sills and grade control structures (GCS) to restore the fish assemblage in Luxapallila Creek, Mississippi. We tested the null hypotheses that habitat variables and species richness, evenness, and assemblage structure would not differ among: (1) a channelized segment with no modifications; (2) a channelized segment mitigated by the installation of sills and GCS; (3) a segment upstream of the installations and undergoing channel incision; and (4) an unaltered segment. Although habitat variables changed, neither species richness, evenness, nor fish assemblage structure differed between mitigated and channelized segments with both exhibiting less richness and different assemblage structures than the unaltered segment. Lack of differences in species richness between the incised and unaltered segments suggest that the GCS may have halted the negative effects of upstream channel incision before species were extirpated. Conspicuous habitat differences between the altered (channelized and mitigated) and unaltered segments were lack of backwaters and canopy coverage and finer substrates in the altered segments. Our results suggest a more comprehensive rehabilitation strategy is required in Luxapallila Creek. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF WAVE EFFECTS ON SURFACE WIND STRESS AND SURFACE MIXING LENGTH BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL CIRCULATION MODELING

1. INTRODUCTION Coastal and continental shelf regions are characterized by intensive interaction between wave and current. These regions are of great economic significance to mankind. Therefore, the modeling of wave and current as well as their mutual int…