河豚鱼16S rRNA基因部分DNA序列分析及应用

应用16S rRNA基因聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）扩增通用引物,对3 属13 种福建省搜集的河豚鱼样品与9 个未知物种的河豚鱼样品的16S rRNA基因序列中的部分片段进行PCR扩增与脱氧核糖核酸（deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA）碱基序列测定,各物种序列长度在611～614 bp之间。应用DNAMAN V6软件进行样品间DNA序列同源性比对分析,建立样品间系统关系同源树。供试13 个样品被划分为4 个类群组,群间的同源率为87%,群内同源率为94%～100%。根据序列同源性分析结果,9 个未知种名的样品被归类到3 个类群组中,推测9 个未知种名的样品为东方鲀属或腹刺鲀属。探讨了16S rRNA基因部分DNA序列测试及同源性分析技术在河豚鱼种属鉴别中应用的可能性。     

13种河豚鱼COⅠ基因部分DNA序列分析及在物种鉴定中的应用

应用COⅠ基因聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增通用引物,对福建省和海南省搜集的3属13种河豚鱼样品与9个未知种名的河豚鱼样品的COⅠ基因靶序列片段进行PCR扩增和测序,13个已知物种样品的DNA序列提交基因库(GenBank),取得相应的登录号。各物种COⅠ基因靶序列长度均为681 bp。应用DNAMAN V6软件对样品的DNA序列进行同源性比对分析,建立样品间系统关系同源树。基于COⅠ基因序列,供试13个样品被划分为4个类群组。群间的同源率为84%,群内同源率为90%～100%。根据序列同源性分析结果,9个未知种名的样品被归类到2个类群组中,判定这9个样品为东方鲀属或腹刺鲀属,其中1个样品(HNW2)为月腹刺鲀,4个样品(HNW3、HNW4、FJW2、FJW5)为棕斑腹刺鲀,1个样品(HNW1)为暗鳍腹刺鲀;3个样品(FJW1、FJW3、FJW4)为横纹东方鲀。探讨基于DNA条形码技术的COⅠ基因靶序列片段在河豚鱼种属鉴别中应用的可能性。     

13 种河豚鱼CO I基因部分DNA序列分析及在物种鉴定中的应用

应用CO I基因聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）扩增通用引物,对福建省和海南省搜集的3?属13?种河豚鱼样品与9?个未知种名的河豚鱼样品的CO?I基因靶序列片段进行PCR扩增和测序,13?个已知物种样品的DNA序列提交基因库（GenBank）,取得相应的登录号。各物种CO I基因靶序列长度均为681 bp。应用DNAMAN V6软件对样品的DNA序列进行同源性比对分析,建立样品间系统关系同源树。基于CO I基因序列,供试13 个样品被划分为4?个类群组。群间的同源率为84%,群内同源率为90%～100%。根据序列同源性分析结果,9?个未知种名的样品被归类到2?个类群组中,判定这9?个样品为东方鲀属或腹刺鲀属,其中1?个样品（HNW2）为月腹刺鲀,4?个样品（HNW3、HNW4、FJW2、FJW5）为棕斑腹刺鲀,1?个样品（HNW1）为暗鳍腹刺鲀;3?个样品（FJW1、FJW3、FJW4）为横纹东方鲀。探讨基于DNA条形码技术的CO I基因靶序列片段在河豚鱼种属鉴别中应用的可能性。     

限制性内切酶酶切确证河豚鱼成分PCR检测结果

动植物成分的聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）检测往往出现假阳性结果,为了有效排 除河豚鱼成分检测中出现的假阳性现象,提高检测结果的准确性,应用河豚鱼PCR检测引物进行河豚鱼成分的PCR 检测与限制性内切酶NmeA Ⅲ酶切确证实验。18 个供试样品中3 个样品无PCR扩增产物,判为阴性结果,15 个样品 初步判为疑似阳性。应用限制性内切酶NmeA Ⅲ对疑似阳性样品的PCR产物进行酶切与电泳分析,电泳图谱与河豚 鱼阳性对照不同的2 个样品,判定为假阳性结果,电泳图谱与阳性对照相同的4 个未知学名的河豚鱼加工样品,确 证为阳性结果,即检出河豚鱼成分,PCR产物序列经GenBank同源性序列查询比对（BLAST）予以验证,建立了简 便的河豚鱼成分PCR检测结果确证方法。     

COI及cytb基因对河鲀鱼鱼种鉴定的适用性研究

目的建立河鲀鱼DNA条形码鉴定方法,探讨细胞色素氧化酶亚基I(COI)及细胞色素b(cytb)基因对我国常见东方鲀属、兔头鲀属河鲀鱼鱼种鉴定的适用性。方法野捕河鲀鱼经形态学鉴定后,钓取COI及cytb基因序列并测序。从Gen Bank下载已有河鲀鱼参考序列,分别构建COI及cytb基因分子进化树,确定样品种属并与形态学鉴定比对。应用所建方法对中毒样品进行河鲀成分鉴定。结果 COI和cytb基因分子进化树将57份样品聚类到东方鲀属和兔头鲀属的9个鱼种,除棕斑兔头鲀和暗鳍兔头鲀(COI进化树)、暗纹东方鲀和晕环东方鲀(cytb进化树)外,2种条形码均能对其余鱼种进行有效区分。中毒样品经鉴定均含有月兔头鲀。结论所建立的DNA条形码方法可有效鉴定河鲀鱼鱼种,弥补形态学鉴定的缺陷。     

线粒体细胞色素b基因在鱼唇制品物种鉴定中适用性的研究

目的 探讨线粒体细胞色素b基因(cytochrome b, Cyt b)作为DNA条形码在鱼唇制品物种鉴定中的适用性。方法 对全国31个城市购买的252份鱼唇样品进行聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)测序,同源基因比较分析,构建系统发育树,鉴定制作鱼唇产品的鱼种,并对其进行濒危评价分析。结果 成功鉴定250个样品,一致性物种基因序列相似性在99%以上,涉及8个鲨鱼物种,最多样品为大青鲨(Prionace glauca),占样品65.5%,其余还有镰形真鲨(Carcharhinus falciformis)、路氏双髻鲨(Sphyrna lewini)、锤头双髻鲨(Sphyrna zygaena)等7类鲨鱼物种。结论 Cyt b可以作为对鲨鱼物种进行鉴定的一种DNA条形码,在对鲨鱼种鉴定时可以使用Cyt b基因及细胞色素氧化酶亚基I基因联合鉴定条形码,为深加工海产品物种鉴定提供更多的技术支撑。     

PCR 方法检测河豚鱼的引物筛选及反应体系优化

根据Genbank 公布的河豚鱼细胞色素b 基因序列,应用软件Primer Premier 5.00 版设计了7 对引物,经过PCR 筛选,确定可以在所有8 个供试河豚鱼样品中检出目的DNA 片段的引物HT-1,用于建立河豚鱼的PCR 检测方法。对该PCR 方法中6 个因素包括退火温度、Mg2+ 终浓度、Taq DNA 聚合酶用量、dNTPs 终浓度、引物终浓度和模板DNA 用量进行优化,确定优化的PCR 扩增体系：10 × PCR 缓冲液2μL,MgCl2 终浓度1.5mmol/L,Taq DNA 聚合酶1.0U,dNTPs 终浓度300μmol/L,引物终浓度0.2μmol/L,DNA 模板400ng,加纯水至总体积20μL。扩增程序定为94℃预变性5min,94℃变性30s,62℃退火30s,72℃延伸30s,40 个循环,72℃延伸5min。据此建立河豚鱼成分PCR 检测方法,并通过河豚鱼与非河豚鱼的PCR 检测结果比较,验证了该方法的河豚鱼特异性。研究结果还表明,该方法的检出限为0.1%,含量为0.1% 的河豚鱼样品PCR 检出率至少在97.5% 以上。     

多基因DNA条形码鉴定6 个鳗鱼物种

建立6?种鳗鱼的物种多基因DNA条形码精准鉴定方法。以鳗鱼DNA为模板,采用3?对通用引物对6?种鳗鱼的3?个基因（16S rRNA、Cyt b、COⅠ）部分DNA片段进行聚合酶链式反应扩增、测序,结果6?种鳗鱼各获得3?条16S rDNA（638～643?bp）、Cyt?b（464～466?bp）、COⅠ（705～707?bp）基因部分DNA序列,从中选取各物种序列同源的片段设计3 对新引物对6 种鳗鱼的16S rRNA、Cyt b、COⅠ基因部分DNA片段进行PCR扩增,其产物大小分别为504～507、400、609?bp,再从各片段中筛选出具有6?种鳗鱼物种特异性强的、碱基数分别为262、280、300?bp的3?条DNA片段序列,作为6?种鳗鱼物种的3?个基因的标准DNA条形码,应用DNAMAN?V6软件进行同源性分析,并通过GenBank数据库的比对验证,制定了供检测实践用的同源率判别指标,建立鳗鱼物种的多基因条形码检测方法。应用该方法对30?个待检鳗鱼样品进行检测,结果表明,各样品基于3?个基因DNA条形码的比对,符合同源率指标,物种判别结果互相吻合,从而精准判别样品的所属物种。该方法稳定、精准、易于操作,可应用于6?种鳗鱼的物种鉴定,值得推广。     

DNA条形码技术对鱼子酱物种溯源及鉴定

为探讨DNA条形码技术在鱼子酱物种鉴定中的适用性，利用细胞色素b（Cytochrome b，Cyt b）和细胞色素氧化酶I亚单位I（Cytochrome Oxidase I，COI）作为DNA条形码对鱼子酱样品进行DNA提取、聚合酶链式反应（Polymerase Chain Reaction，PCR）、测序、利用NCBI网站和BOLD鉴定系统进行基因比较分析，构建系统发育树，鉴定鱼子酱物种，对我国鱼子酱产品物种标签符合性情况进行检查。购买的40份样品，一致性鲟鱼物种基因序列相似性均在99%以上，涉及5个鲟鱼种，其中杂交种占比75%、西伯利亚鲟、施氏鲟、欧鳇、俄罗斯鲟占25%。说明Cyt b、COI作为DNA条形码可以对鱼子酱进行物种鉴定，检测的鱼子酱产品均为鲟鱼子酱，无造假，但是45%产品标签物种替代或物种标识不清。加强对产品物种标识重视及鉴定技术的开发，有助于我国鱼子酱对外贸易发展，保障我国鲟鱼产业可持续性健康发展。     

滁菊类黄酮3′-羟化酶基因的克隆及分子特性

以安徽滁州地区特有的药食两用植物资源——滁菊(Dendranthema morifolium‘chuju’)为试材,采用同源基因克隆方法克隆滁菊类黄酮3′-羟化酶基因(flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase,f3′h),NCBI注册号HQ256697。结果表明:采自不同地点的滁菊样品均能扩增出一条长381bp的f3′h基因片段,该片段与探针序列GU249553第3外显子对应区域的核苷酸序列同源性达98.69%,同源区域内有5个单核苷酸多态性位点(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNP),其中3个SNPs导致氨基酸编码序列的改变。滁菊与葡萄属(Vitis vinifera)、高粱属(Sorghum bicolor)、芸苔属(Brassica napus)、牵牛属(Ipomoea nil Magenta)、苹果属(Malus×domestica)、番薯属(Ipomoea purpurea)等物种f3′h基因的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列同源性分别在60%～98%和68%～97%之间。不同植物f3′h基因的分类与物种间的亲缘关系存在明显的相关性,菊属植物f3′h基因在系统进化中处于较高位置。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press