罗非鱼鱼肉及组分蛋白酶解产物的抗氧化特性

采用胃蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、Alcalase2.4L碱性蛋白酶分别酶解罗非鱼肉蛋白,研究比较不同蛋白酶在1、2、4、6、8h对罗非鱼肉蛋白的酶解效果及产物的抗氧化活性,结果表明:3种酶的酶解产物都具有一定的抗氧化活性,中性蛋白酶酶解产物的水解度和蛋白回收率最高,胃蛋白酶酶解产物对DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除效果最好;综合各项指标选择中性蛋白酶对罗非鱼肉的组分蛋白(肌原纤维蛋白、肌浆蛋白、基质蛋白)进行4h酶解,研究比较不同组分蛋白的酶解效果及产物的抗氧化活性,结果表明:组分蛋白中基质蛋白酶解产物的蛋白回收率最高,为89.8%,肌原纤维蛋白酶解产物的水解度最高,为10.1%,肌浆蛋白酶解产物的抗氧化活性最好,羟自由基和DPPH自由基的IC50值分别为12.352mg/m L和3.554mg/m L。     

罗非鱼肉蛋白酶解液的制备及体内外抗氧化活性研究

采用木瓜蛋白酶酶解罗非鱼肉蛋白,通过测定不同剂量罗非鱼肉蛋白酶解液的还原力,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-（2,4,6-trinitrophenyl）hydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、·OH和O2－·清除率及对D-半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠的抗氧化作用,评价罗非鱼肉蛋白酶解液的体内外抗氧化特性。结果表明：罗非鱼肉蛋白酶解液具有较高的还原力,清除DPPH自由基、·OH和O2－·的半数有效质量浓度分别为1.57、1.68 mg/mL和2.76 mg/mL;罗非鱼肉蛋白酶解液能显著提高小鼠血清和肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力和总抗氧化能力（P＜0.05）,同时使血清和肝脏组织中的丙二醛含量显著降低（P＜0.05）。罗非鱼肉蛋白酶解液有较强的体内外抗氧化活性。     

复合酶法制备鸡肉蛋白抗氧化肽模型研究

以酶解产物对O2-·的清除率为指标,分析中性蛋白酶和未瓜蛋白酶的协同作用,确定制备鸡肉蛋白抗氧化肽的最佳复合酶解工艺,并对复合酶解过程进行酶促动力学特性研究.结果表明:复合酶解制备抗氧化肽最佳工艺为两酶混合同时加入,pH6.7,温度57℃,底物浓度6.9%,时间5h,酶用量为中性蛋白酶4943u/g、木瓜蛋白酶5988u/g,该条件下鸡肉蛋白抗氧化肽对O2-·的清除率为57.50%,显著高于各单酶水解效果.在此基础上由实验数据推导出描述复合酶制备鸡肉蛋白抗氧化肽水解过程的动力学方程,为鸡肉蛋白开发抗氧化肽提供理论依据.     

鸡肉蛋白的酶解及其抗氧化活性研究

运用响应面(RSM)分析法对酶解鸡肉蛋白制备抗氧化肽的工艺进行优化。在单因素试验的基础上,以还原能力和超氧阴离子自由基清除率为指标,研究酶解时间、加酶量、温度对木瓜蛋白酶酶解鸡肉蛋白的酶解液抗氧化性的影响。结果表明,酶解鸡肉蛋白制备抗氧化肽的工艺条件为pH6.0、液固比2:1(mL/g)、酶解时间6.15h、加酶量1200U/g、温度51.2℃,此时还原能力达到0.802,超氧阴离子自由基清除率达到73.9%。     

响应曲面法优化鸡肉蛋白抗氧化肽制备工艺研究

以酶解产物清除超氧阴离子自由基能力为指标,利用响应曲面法优选木瓜蛋白酶制备鸡肉蛋白抗氧化肽的最佳酶解工艺条件并考察其水解度(DH)和清除能力的相关性。结果表明：木瓜蛋白酶最佳酶解工艺为温度62℃、pH6.7、酶用量5988U/g、酶解时间6.5h、底物浓度6.9%;清除率与DH 在一定范围内呈正或负相关,即在酶解过程6.5h 内清除率随着DH增大而增大、6.5h 后随着DH的增加反而减小,6.5 h 时清除率为32.91%、DH为18.66%。     

不同苦荞蛋白酶解产物抗氧化活性研究

以苦荞蛋白作为底物,采用碱性蛋白酶Alcalase 2.4 L、木瓜蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶以及胃蛋白酶加胰蛋白酶模拟体内蛋白消化,制备苦荞麦蛋白水解物。采用DPPH及ABTS~+·法比较不同的蛋白水解物与水解前苦荞蛋白的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:不同蛋白酶水解产物水解度由高到低的顺序为:碱性蛋白酶胃蛋白酶~胰蛋白酶胃蛋白酶木瓜蛋白酶胰蛋白酶,其中碱性蛋白酶水解苦荞蛋白水解度达29.95%。苦荞蛋白本身具有一定的抗氧化能力,其中DPPH清除率及ABTS~+·清除率最高分别达71.91%及11.25%,但均显著低于阳性对照Vc。随着水解程度的增加,苦荞蛋白水解产物抗氧化能力逐渐增强。其中,以碱性蛋白酶酶解产物抗氧化活性最高,其DPPH清除率及ABTS~+·清除率最高分别为91.65%(0.5 mg/mL)及16.67%(1 mg/mL),均显著高于原苦荞蛋白。其中,碱性蛋白酶水解产物的DPPH自由基清除率在高浓度(0.5mg/mL)条件下,与阳性对照Vc持平。同时碱性蛋白酶酶解产物抗氧化性(DPPH清除率及ABTS~+·清除率)显著优于其他蛋白酶解产物。因此,苦荞麦蛋白采用碱性蛋白酶解制备苦荞水解产物可作为天然的抗氧化剂。     

响应面法优化大黄花鱼肉蛋白水解工艺及多肽抗氧化性研究

以大黄花鱼为实验材料,利用酶法水解大黄花鱼肉蛋白制备抗氧化肽。以还原力为响应值,通过单因素结合响应面法对中性蛋白酶酶解大黄花鱼肉蛋白的酶用量、酶解温度、底物浓度以及酶解时间进行了优化,结果表明:四种酶中,中性蛋白酶酶解的酶解液水解度(DH)和还原能力最高。最优酶解工艺条件为酶用量为0.4%、酶解温度45 ℃、底物浓度25.0%、酶解时间7 h、体系pH7.0时,还原力为0.951。酶解液DH为37.51%,超氧阴离子自由基清除力(O₂-·)为82.42%。SDS-PAGE(聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳)结果显示,酶解7 h大黄花鱼肉蛋白肌动蛋白完全消失,水解形成肌球蛋白轻链分子量为27、15和6 kDa。     

贻贝蛋白的酶解及其酶解物的抗氧化活性研究

比较了6种不同的蛋白酶(胰蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶)对贻贝粗蛋白的酶解效果,确定碱性蛋白酶为最适用酶。用此酶制备不同水解度(DH 6%、DH 11.5%、DH16%、DH 20%、DH 25%)的贻贝蛋白酶解物,考察不同DH酶解产物的抗氧化活性。试验结果表明:贻贝酶解产物具有较强的抗氧化活性,并呈一定的量效关系;当DH为25%时,贻贝酶解物对DPPH自由基、超氧自由基、羟基自由基的清除率最高,分别为77.4%、75.2%、43.4%,同时具有最强的金属螯合率(64.7%);而DH为16%时,酶解物对亚油酸的过氧化抑制作用较还原型谷胱甘肽强,达65.6%。DH对酶解产物的抗氧化活性有一定的影响,但在不同的抗氧化体系中,影响趋势不一致。     

复合酶解牦牛乳酪蛋白工艺优化及抗氧化性的研究

为了优化牦牛乳酪蛋白酶解工艺,研究其产物抗氧化活性,选用中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶,在其最适条件下酶解牦牛乳酪蛋白,以水解度(DH)、DPPH·自由基清除率和超氧阴离子清除率为评价指标,筛选出2种效果最优的单酶进行复配,采用单因素试验及L9(34)正交试验确定最优酶解工艺。结果表明:中性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶比例为1:2效果最佳,最佳酶解工艺条件为底物浓度5%(w/v),温度42.5℃,p H值7.5,复合酶添加量3%,作用时间150 min,酶解产物抗氧化活性最高,DPPH·自由基清除率达到了64.26%±0.18%,超氧阴离子清除率达到40.34%±0.92%。     

抗氧化活性林蛙胎卵多肽酶解酶的筛选

以东北林蛙胎卵为原料,以酶解液对DPPH自由基和羟自由基(.OH)清除率为指标,分别研究木瓜蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶在最佳酶作用条件下酶解时间对酶解液清除DPPH自由基、.OH的影响,筛选出适合生产抗氧化活性林蛙胎卵蛋白肽的碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶,再经过复合双酶酶解林蛙胎卵实验,结果表明,以中性蛋白酶与碱性蛋白酶复合酶解林蛙胎卵3h得到肽液的.OH清除率与DPPH自由基清除率最高,达到80.91%和70.45%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the