高寒香菊花黄酮固体脂质体制备工艺优化

采用乙醇注入法制备高寒香菊黄酮固体脂质体.以包封率为考察指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,对壁材的配比,乳化剂的用量,冷冻保护剂甘露醇等工艺条件进行了优化.结果表明,最优制备工艺条件为壁材配比2∶1,乳化剂6％,冷冻保护剂3％.在此工艺条件下制得的高寒香菊花黄酮固体脂质体的包封率为39.69％.高寒香菊花黄酮固体脂质体外观为椭圆形,粒度多分布在450nm～500nm之间,高寒香菊花黄酮固体脂质体是大单室脂质体.     

米糠多糖铁脂质体包合物的制备

研究米糠多糖铁脂质体包合物的制备工艺,通过正交设计优化最佳工艺。采用逆向蒸发法制备米糠多糖铁脂质体,以包封率为评价指标,在单因素试验的基础上利用正交优化设计研究大豆卵磷脂/胆固醇质量比(质量比)、米糠多糖铁/大豆卵磷脂质量比(药脂比)和超声时间对包封率的影响,确定最佳工艺条件。结果表明,当质量比为4∶1,药脂比为1∶1,超声5 min的条件下,脂质体对米糠多糖铁包封率最高。工艺验证结果显示此工艺条件下的平均包封率为87.473%(RSD值为0.643%,n=3)。     

中链脂肪酸脂质体的制备及其特性评价

采用薄膜蒸发-超声法制备中链脂肪酸脂质体,考察单因素制备工艺对包封率的影响以及所得脂质体的外观形态、粒径、Zeta电位和稳定性。结果表明,中链脂肪酸脂质体的最佳工艺条件为:磷脂与胆固醇之比为3:1,中链脂肪酸与总脂材比为1:10,表面活性剂(吐温-80)与膜材之比为3:10,制备温度为35℃。最佳工艺条件下产物包封率可达82.9%,平均粒径为240.420.3nm,Zeta电位为-52.273.2mV,4℃下放置90d质量稳定。     

大蒜多糖脂质体制备及结构表征

本研究利用大蒜多糖、大豆卵磷脂和胆固醇制备了一种新型多糖脂质体并对其进行结构表征。以膜材比、脂药比和超声时间为因素,包封率为响应值,采用单因素和响应面试验确定了大蒜多糖脂质体最优制备条件,并对其微观形态、粒径、紫外扫描光谱、红外扫描光谱及稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,大蒜多糖脂质体的最优制备条件为膜材比4:1,脂药比24:1,超声时间14 min,最大包封率为61.00%±0.73%;所得脂质体为球状小囊泡结构、分散均匀、稳定性较好,粒径为213.50±1.85 nm、聚合物分散性指数（Polymer Dispersity Index,PDI）为0.187±0.005、Zeta电位为-21.07±1.27 mV;紫外和红外光谱表明大蒜多糖被成功包埋进脂质材料中,并且包埋过程不形成新化学键,仅产生静电相互作用;稳定性试验显示4℃保存28 d后,大蒜多糖脂质体粒径由211.13±0.54 nm增至225.70±0.65 nm,PDI由0.187±0.003增至0.236±0.001,包封率由60.96%±0.32%降至56.97%±0.74%,体系仍较为稳定。因此,本研究制备的大蒜多糖脂质体...     

VC脂质体的制备与稳定性测定

以卵磷脂和胆固醇为膜材,采用薄膜- 超声法制备VC 脂质体。通过单因素考察生产工艺对包封率的影响以及正交设计法进行工艺优化。得出制备VC 脂质体最佳工艺：制备温度65℃、卵磷脂:胆固醇=5:1、总脂材:VC=25:1、总脂材:表面活性剂(吐温-80)=10:2,在此条件下包封率可达42.1%,平均粒度为373.9nm;将脂质体在4℃下密闭放置15d,以脂质体的粒径变化为指标考察其稳定性。结果表明,脂质体悬液粒径无明显变化,脂质体悬液稳定性良好。     

响应曲面法优化米托蒽醌长循环脂质体的制备工艺

采用薄膜分散法制备PEG化米托蒽醌长循环脂质体,考察脂药比、PEG型号、超声功率、超声时间四因素对载药脂质体包封率的影响。方法:单因素试验的基础上,采用Design-Expert 9.0软件BBD响应曲面法优化载药脂质体的工艺制备条件。米托蒽醌脂质体的最优工艺条件为脂药比10︰1, PEG聚合度400,超声时间10 min,超声功率600 W。在该试验条件下,米托蒽醌脂质体的包封率为83.42%,相对偏差为0.66%,平均粒径为287.8 nm,ζ电位范围为-30.9±5.87 mV。结论:应用BBD响应曲面法设计脂质体的载药包封工艺,可简化试验次数,优化试验条件,产品的表征质量符合新型药物制剂要求。     

叶绿素亚铁脂质体的制备及缓释性能研究

目的:研究制备叶绿素亚铁脂质体的方法及产品缓释性。方法:采用硫酸铵梯度法制备叶绿素亚铁脂质体,以包封率为评价指标,在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验确定优化工艺,考察所得脂质体的缓释性。结果:叶绿素亚铁脂质体的最佳工艺条件为:叶绿素亚铁与磷脂的比例为1∶10、胆固醇与磷脂的质量比1∶2、孵育温度40℃、硫酸铵浓度为0.2mol/L。最佳工艺条件下制得3批脂质体的平均包封率为79.5%,脂质体中芯材在PBS溶液(pH7.2)中前3h的累积释放量低于15%。结论:实验中所选参实因子对叶绿素亚铁脂质体的包封率影响显著,其影响次序为药脂比>胆固醇与磷脂的比例>孵育温度>硫酸铵浓度,脂质体具有明显的缓释效果。     

pH梯度法制备维生素C脂质体

制备维生素C脂质体,并考察其包封率的影响因素。采用pH梯度法制备维生素C脂质体,以紫外分光光度法和粒度仪分别测定脂质体的包封率和粒径,并考察外水相pH、超声时间、载药温度及药脂比对包封率的影响。结果显示包封率随外水相pH的降低而增加,最佳超声时间为15 min,随着载药温度的增加包封率有提高的趋势,最佳药脂比为1∶5。该条件下pH梯度法制备的维生素C脂质体的包封率为(49.79±1.6)%(n=3),平均粒径为(118.3±9.6)nm。     

中链脂肪酸-VC复合脂质体制备及初步稳定性

以磷脂和胆固醇为膜材,脂溶性的中链脂肪酸(MCFAs)和水溶性的VC为模型药物,以脂质体的包封率和粒径为指标,分别采用薄膜法、复乳法、薄膜-高压法、复乳-高压法制备中链脂肪酸-VC复合脂质体,筛选出最佳制备方法(复乳-高压法),并通过单因素试验设计,确定复合脂质体的最优处方工艺为:总脂材质量浓度5.0g/100mL,MCFAs质量浓度10.0mg/mL,VC质量浓度3.0mg/mL,卵磷脂与胆固醇质量比为4:1,卵磷脂质量与无水乙醇体积比为1:10(g/mL),吐温与总脂材质量比为3:10,VE与卵磷脂质量比为4:100,120MPa条件下超微乳化处理2次。制备的复合脂质体MCFAs包封率达到49.01%,VC的包封率达到54.19%,平均粒径90.3nm,在4℃贮藏15d,包封率和粒径变化不大,表明脂质体低温贮藏稳定性良好。     

枸杞多糖脂质体制备工艺

以大豆卵磷脂和胆固醇为膜材,采用薄膜分散水化法,以包合率为目标采用响应面法对枸杞多糖的脂质体制备工艺进行优化。通过单因素实验得出药脂比(枸杞多糖与膜材的质量比)、膜材比(大豆卵磷脂与胆固醇的质量比)、水化温度均对包合率有影响。在此基础上,根据Box-Benhnken中心组合方法设计3因素3水平的试验,以包合率为响应值,做响应面分析。得到最佳工艺条件为:药脂比为1∶32.15、膜材比为3.84∶1、水化温度为43.26℃。此条件下预测包合率为70.77%,实际包合率为70.10%,误差值为0.95%,实验结果表明此方法包合率较高且易于控制。同时扫描电镜下观察到水化后枸杞多糖脂质体形态特征。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press