乳酸菌对酸奶保鲜作用的研究

目的比较4种具有保鲜作用的乳酸菌对酸奶中霉菌的抑制效果及在发酵和贮藏过程中对酸奶品质的影响。方法将4种乳酸菌添加到发酵乳中,比较对酸乳中霉菌的抑制作用,并对酸奶酸度、活菌数、质构和感官品质进行检测。结果按厂家推荐量和相同活菌数(2.0×10~6 CFU/m L)添加4种乳酸菌均对霉菌的生长具有抑制作用,其中,乳酸菌A和C的抑菌效果较好;按照厂家推荐量添加4种乳酸菌发现,乳酸菌A和B的添加对酸奶的发酵时间、贮藏期内的酸度、活菌数、质构和感官均无影响,而乳酸菌C和D的添加会对酸奶贮藏期内的酸度和感官产生影响。结论乳酸菌A能够有效抑制酸奶中霉菌滋生,同时不会对酸奶的品质产生影响。     

发酵工艺对绿茶粉酸乳乳酸菌总数及感官品质的影响

以绿茶粉和奶粉为主要原料,制备凝固型绿茶粉酸乳。研究绿茶粉酸乳的发酵工艺条件(绿茶粉量、接种量、发酵时间)对绿茶粉酸乳乳酸菌总数和感官品质的影响,在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验优化。结果表明,适量添加绿茶粉对乳酸菌没有抑制作用;绿茶粉酸乳的最佳发酵工艺条件为:绿茶粉量0.2%、接种量7%、发酵时间4 h,该条件下制备的绿茶粉酸乳乳酸菌总数为2.6×108 cfu/m L,感官评分达到90分,酸度为84°T。     

牛蒡低聚糖对乳酸菌的影响及牛蒡泡菜工艺优化

研究牛蒡低聚糖在MRS 培养基上对乳酸菌的生长促进作用,比较在相同制作条件下牛蒡泡菜和白菜泡菜中乳酸菌含量,同时通过正交试验确定牛蒡泡菜的最佳发酵工艺。结果表明：牛蒡低聚糖在MRS 培养基中对乳酸菌有一定生长促进作用,低聚糖含量为1g/100mL 时对乳酸菌的生长促进作用最为明显,相同制作条件下牛蒡泡菜中乳酸菌含量高于白菜泡菜;牛蒡泡菜的最佳制作工艺为糖添加量3g/100g、发酵时间8d、食盐添加量6g/100g。     

产叶酸乳酸菌的筛选及对发酵乳的影响

为筛选出高产叶酸的乳酸菌并研究该乳酸菌对发酵乳的影响,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法从5种乳酸菌菌株:植物乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌的发酵液中检测叶酸含量,并通过检测复合发酵乳的pH、持水力、质构特性和感官特性来研究产叶酸的乳酸菌对发酵乳品质的影响。结果表明:植物乳杆菌产叶酸量最高,其次是嗜酸乳杆菌,分别为51.40和34.77 μg/mL。并且以基础菌发酵乳为对照组,添加产叶酸乳杆菌发酵乳为实验组,实验组与对照组相比,其质构特性和感官品质会提高,同时pH也显著下降(p<0.05)。本实验为开发功能性发酵乳提供了一定的理论依据。     

食盐质量浓度对传统自然发酵圆白菜的菌系结构和代谢的影响

以2、5、8 g/100 mL食盐添加量的传统自然发酵泡菜为研究对象,比较了3 种不同食盐质量浓度的传统自然发酵泡菜中优势菌系结构、卤水pH值和总酸、底物和代谢产物、亚硝酸盐含量的变化。结果表明：乳酸菌主导整个泡菜发酵过程,蔗糖一直被代谢利用,葡萄糖和果糖含量逐步增加,发酵结束时乳酸大量积累。食盐质量浓度对泡菜发酵前期有显著影响,2 g/100 mL食盐质量浓度的泡菜中乳酸菌的繁殖代谢最快,发酵结束时pH值最低,总酸含量最高;5 g/100 mL食盐质量浓度能较好地抑制有害微生物的繁殖,最快通过亚硝峰,产生的乙醇量最高;8 g/100 mL食盐质量浓度抑制了泡菜中乳酸菌的繁殖代谢,使泡菜的成熟期延迟,对蔗糖的利用率最低。     

富含γ-氨基丁酸发酵豆酸乳的研制

采用了乳酸菌对大豆粉为主要原料进行发酵开发富含γ-氨基丁酸的发酵豆酸乳,研究不同发酵条件对发酵豆酸乳中GABA质量浓度和品质的影响。通过纸层析法对GABA进行定性分析,并采用氨基酸自动分析仪测定了不同发酵条件下GABA的质量浓度以及评价了豆酸乳的感官指标。结果表明,单因素实验确定最佳的发酵条件为:混合菌接种量0.6%,初始发酵pH值为7,发酵温度40℃,发酵时间12 h;并且此条件下制得豆酸乳含质量浓度达13.22μg/mL,制作的发酵豆酸乳组织状态细腻均匀、凝固状态好、色泽淡黄均匀、具有独特发酵豆乳的滋味与气味、口感细腻、乳清析出正常。本研究可为研制富含GABA的功能性新型大豆加工制品提供参考依据。     

山楂红枣酸乳的研制及其抗氧化性

以新鲜山楂、红枣汁和脱脂乳粉为原料制作酸乳。以产品的感官质量变化为指标,采用正交实验法与模糊综合评判法确定了山楂红枣酸乳的最佳配方和工艺条件为:100 mL脱脂乳添加山楂浆9 mL、红枣汁12 mL、白砂糖5 g;接种发酵剂4 mL,发酵温度40℃,发酵时间8 h。该条件下生产的山楂红枣酸乳酸甜适口,质地细腻,黄酮含量达(4.62±0.533)mg/m L。对DPPH自由基的清除率随酸乳浓度的增加而增强,25 mg/mL时达78.35%,高于市售某品牌红枣酸乳。     

大豆蛋白水解物促乳酸菌增殖发酵的研究

应用小型生物发酵罐对乳酸菌增殖作用进行发酵研究,结果表明,12g/100mL脱脂乳中添加大豆蛋白水解物增殖复合剂对嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌生长具有显著的促进作用。添加酵母膏脱脂乳培养基的产酸量比脱脂乳增加1倍,添加增殖复合剂后为脱脂乳的3.12倍。添加增殖复合剂可使乳酸菌数量达到10个数量级,比脱脂乳培养基提高1～2个数量级。从累积添加碱量和单位加碱量两项指标来看,脱脂乳培养基乳酸菌生长呈现缓慢上升曲线,添加酵母膏呈现三段波浪式曲线,添加增殖复合剂为陡峭的上升曲线。单纯添加酵母膏不能支持乳酸菌连续生长,添加大豆蛋白水解物和酵母膏能够使乳酸菌生长快速启动,并维持一个较高生长水平,获得较大的细胞量的同时也充分利用乳中蛋白质。     

含金属硫蛋白鸡蛋水解物对两种乳酸菌体外生长的影响

以乳酸菌生长过程中的pH、OD值和菌落总数为评价指标,研究了普通鸡蛋、含金属硫蛋白鸡蛋、普通鸡蛋水解物以及含金属硫蛋白的鸡蛋水解物对动物双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌以及两种混合菌的影响。结果表明,鸡蛋水解物作为氮源能够促进乳酸菌的增殖,经比较,最佳氮源为含金属硫蛋白鸡蛋水解物,其动物双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和混合菌发酵液OD值为普通鸡蛋水解物的1.05倍、1.08倍和1.09倍。含金属硫蛋白的鸡蛋水解物在动物双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌以及两种混合菌发酵液的最佳添加量分别为2.0%、1.5%和2.0%,活菌数分别可达7.5×109、3.21×109和2.33×1010 CFU/mL。本研究为开发乳酸菌发酵金属硫蛋白鸡蛋肽产品提供指导。     

超声波降解氧化魔芋葡甘露聚糖酸乳的开发及品质研究

研究以超声波降解氧化魔芋葡甘露聚糖与鲜牛乳为主要原料,通过单因素与正交试验,以感官评价、黏度、持水力、终止发酵酸度等为考察指标,研究酸乳的最佳配方与最佳加工工艺,并考察降解氧化魔芋葡甘露聚糖的添加量对酸乳的持水力、黏度、滴定酸度以及乳酸菌菌落总数等品质的影响,同时测定酸乳成品中的蛋白质含量、丁二酮含量、乙醛含量、乳酸菌菌落数以及多糖含量。结果表明:降解氧化魔芋葡甘露聚糖酸乳的最佳配方为100 mL牛乳中,白砂糖添加量为8.0%、降解OKGM添加量为0.6%、发酵剂添加量为0.3%,在此配方下,41℃发酵5.5 h,加工出的酸乳感官品质最好。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the