The effect of several chemical treatments, viz. organotitanate, zirconate, silane, and N-substituted methacrylamide, on the properties of sisal fibers used as reinforcement in unsaturated polyester resin (∼50 vol%) was investigated. An improvement in the properties was observed when sisal fibers were modified with surface treatments. Under humid conditions, a decrease of 30 to 44% in tensile and 50 to 70% in flexural strength has been noted. The strength retention of surface-treated composites (except silane) is high compared with untreated composites. It is observed that N-substituted methacrylamide-treated sisal composites exhibited better properties under dry as well as wet conditions. Fractographic evidence such as fiber breakage/splitting and matrix adherence on the pulled-out fiber surface explains such behavior. 相似文献
Summary: The study and development of polymeric composite materials, especially using lignocellulosic fibers, have received increasing attention. This is interesting from the environmental and economical viewpoints as lignocellulosic fibers are obtained from renewable resources. This work aims to contribute to reduce the dependency on materials from nonrenewable sources, by utilizing natural fibers (sisal) as reinforcing agents and lignin (a polyphenolic macromolecule obtained from lignocellulosic materials) to partially substitute phenol in a phenol‐formaldehyde resin. Besides, it was intended to evaluate how modifications applied on sisal fibers influence their properties and those of the composites reinforced with them, mainly thermal properties. Sisal fibers were modified by either (i) mercerization (NaOH 10%), (ii) esterification (succinic anhydride), or (iii) ionized air treatment (discharge current of 5 mA). Composites were made by mould compression, of various sisal fibers in combination with either phenol‐formaldehyde or lignin‐phenol‐formaldehyde resins. Sisal fibers and composites were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG) and DSC to establish their thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of unmodified and modified surface sisal fibers as well as the fractured composites surface. Dynamic mechanical thermoanalysis (DMTA) was used to examine the influence of temperature on the composite mechanical properties. The results obtained for sisal fiber‐reinforced phenolic and lignophenolic composites showed that the use of lignin as a partial substitute of phenol in phenolic resins in applications different from the traditional ones, as for instance in other than adhesives is feasible.
Micrograph of the impact fracture surface of phenolic composite reinforced with mercerized sisal fiber (500 X). 相似文献
在苯酚、甲醛的聚合体系中添加硼酸和碳纤维,通过正己烷发泡剂的方法制备了硼改性和碳纤维复合的酚醛泡沫材料。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪、微控电子万能试验仪、冲击试验机、热失重分析仪等对酚醛泡沫的结构特性、力学性能和抗氧化性能进行表征与分析。研究结果表明,当表面活性剂吐温80的用量为4%~6%,发泡剂正己烷的用量为5%左右时,酚醛泡沫具有均一的孔结构和较高的表观密度;在反应体系中添加硼酸和碳纤维可改善酚醛泡沫材料的性能,添加7.2%含量的硼使得酚醛树脂具有最高的抗氧化性能,添加30%含量的碳纤维增强了酚醛泡沫材料的弯曲强度和冲击强度,其值分别达到132 MPa和52 k J/m2。 相似文献