Affordable housing in National Register districts: recognizing the advantages of historic urban neighborhoods in Louisville and Covington,Kentucky, USA

This paper draws attention to the public policy opportunities created by the spatial characteristics of urban historic districts. Using the Kentucky cities of Louisville and Covington as case studies, the research uses geographic information systems (GIS) to demonstrate that Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) units developed in historic districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places are closer to libraries, transit stops, parks, and schools than are LIHTC units developed in ‘non-historic’ areas of these cities. The findings are particularly relevant for policy-makers adopting a neighborhood-oriented approach to improving the quality of affordable housing, and for those seeking strategies for bringing new life to declining urban areas.     

对美国路易维尔城市规划体系的若干认识

路易维尔是美国肯塔基州最大的城市，也是典型的美国中部域市。本文介绍了该市城市规划体系的主要构成内容，对其体系特点进行了分析，并从中得出一些启示。     

对美国路易维尔城市规划体系的若干认识

路易维尔是美国肯塔基州最大的城市,也是典型的美国中部城市.本文介绍了该市城市规划体系的主要构成内容,对其体系特点进行了分析,并从中得出一些启示.     

国家运输廊道的运输需求特征分析及规划启示

随着我国综合交通运输体系的日渐发展,“运输集中”现象,即少数关键的设施承担高比重或重要运输功能的现象日益明显。笔者通过量化分析和案例观察,发现我国大多干线运输线路大都表现出3/7的规律,即大致30%的骨干线网规模承担了70%左右的货物运输量或车公里数,通常意义上“帕累托法则”在运输空间分布领域得以体现,这一规律现象也符合欧美国家的经验总结。据此,笔者给出了我国关键运输廊道识别原则,为今后进一步完善我国综合运输通道建设、优化通道资源配置提供了一定参考依据     

残疾人权益保障:现状、问题与对策

残疾人是一个数量众多、特征突出、特别需要帮助的社会群体。多年来,党和政府高度重视残疾人工作,残疾人保障状况得到明显改善。但是也应该看到,残疾人在社会保障、康复、教育、就业、社会参与等方面还面临很多困难和障碍。切实加强领导,加大投入,加强残疾人社会保障体系和服务体系建设,保障残疾人就业、教育、康复权利,全面推进城乡无障碍环境建设,对于改善残疾人权益保障状况,促进我国全面建成小康社会具有重要意义。     

南昌市残疾人康复就业体训中心设计

1项目概况项目位于江西省南昌市红谷滩新区凤凰洲,整个占地约30亩。用地北面为居住区及学校,东、西、南三面均与待建自然农用地相邻。地块依临赣江河畔,整体环境优美、宁静。项目拟建"两楼、一馆、一场、一池",即残疾人康复楼、服务楼、体训训练馆、室外田径训练场、室外游泳池。总建筑面积     

绿色建筑发展水平测度与时空演变特征

由于宏观经济及市场认受程度不同,绿色建筑在地理分布上呈现一定的空间分异特征。以全国 30 个省级行政区为研究对象,从社会经济、能源环境、产业结构、行业结构 4 个维度选取指标,综合运用熵权法对绿色建筑发展水平进行测度和评价,并通过自然间断点、变异系数及探索性空间数据分析对其时空演变特征进行研究。结果表明,我国的绿色建筑总体处于低水平,具有地域差异性,相较于中西部地区,东部地区的绿色建筑发展水平差异程度较小,并且这种空间差异在整体上有缩小的趋势;另外,我国绿色建筑呈现显著的空间正相关,随着时间的演变,空间聚集性逐渐加强,而省域之间的绿色建筑发展水平差距较大。这些分析结果有助于为绿色建筑区域发展提供理论参考。     

上海城市快速扩张中交通系统特征变化分析

分析自1986年以来的上海近20年城市扩张过程中社会经济、人口、岗位与城市空间的发展及其对交通系统发展的作用机制.以上海历史上三次综合交通调查数据为基础,定量研究了居民出行需求总量、道路机动车出行需求、交通空间分布三个典型交通系统特征的变化及成因,分析了城市快速扩张下交通系统特征的变化规律,提出交通系统特征的变化本质上是由于交通系统外部的城市扩张所引起,在快速城市化与机动化过程中应保持交通与城市的协调发展.     

残疾人托养服务体系:意涵、建构挑战及政策选择

近年来在政府主导下,残疾人托养服务工作取得长足发展,残疾人托养服务比率逐步提升,残疾人托养服务网络不断完善,托养服务质量不断提高。但由于残疾人托养服务工作处于起步阶段,残疾人托养政策不完善、托养资金不足、居家托养服务亟待开发、托养服务供求缺口大、城乡发展不均衡等问题给构建残疾人托养服务体系带来一系列挑战。针对这种情况,建议以"普惠+特惠"模式为指导,坚持政府主导、社会参与、资源共享的原则,不断整合资金来源渠道,规范托养服务,力争实现托养服务"标准化、社会化和市场化"的目标,不断提升残疾人托养服务专业化水平,推进地区间托养服务均衡发展,最终构建完善的残疾人托养服务体系。     

Toward the Characterization of Building Occupancies for Fire Safety Engineering: Prevalence, Type, and Mobility of Disabled People

This paper is the first in a series of four that collectively provide a substantial body of knowledge on the egress capabilities of disabled people who frequent public-assembly buildings. Here, the results are given of an analysis of survey data estimating the numbers and types of disabled people who are mobile beyond their own homes, the degree of assistance they require, the percentage of the total mobile population they constitute, and the extent to which they are involved in sports and leisure pursuits. This information can be used to derive working estimates of the prevalence and nature of disability among building populations when characterizing building occupancies, a prerequisite to fire engineering.     

改性方法对生土材料水分传输特性的影响

通过未改性生土材料、水泥改性生土材料、黄麻改性生土材料和水泥/黄麻复合改性生土材料的毛细吸水试验,研究了改性方法对生土材料毛细吸水速率、毛细吸收系数和表面渗入深度等水分传输参数的影响及其作用机理.结果表明:生土材料的毛细吸水量与时间平方根呈线性关系;水泥改性生土材料的毛细吸收系数和初始吸水速率较未改性生土材料的毛细吸收系数和初始吸水速率分别降低19.8%和25.3%,而黄麻改性生土材料的毛细吸收系数和初始吸水速率分别提高了43.4%和26.2%;黄麻纤维明显提高了生土材料水分的表面渗入深度;水泥改变了黄土颗粒表面状态和生土材料的孔结构,从而影响了生土材料的水分传输特性.     

Metropolitan Transportation Planning: Lessons From the Past,Institutions for the Future

Problem, research strategy, and findings: There are more than 400 U.S. metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) overseeing multiple transportation projects totaling billions of dollars, yet these crucial organizations and their history and current role are generally unknown or confusing to many planning practitioners and scholars. MPOs face major challenges in developing meaningful long-range regional transportation plans, challenges rooted in their history that planners should understand as they grapple with metropolitan planning efforts. MPOs may approve projects and their funding, but disparate agencies and often competitive local governments control budgets and actually build projects. MPOs, moreover, do not fully represent all regional interests and have no control over the local land use decisions that would support less autocentric communities and human-powered modes. I provide a metareview of the history of regional transportation planning and the MPOs responsible for it, describing U.S. metropolitan transportation planning from the early 20th century. Federal legislation in the 1960s first suggested a regional forum for conversations about metropolitan transportation. Federal legislation in subsequent decades made incremental if incomplete progress toward creating a meaningful regional forum, adapting institutions and practices to increase stakeholder involvement as well as the scope of transport planning, yet MPOs have multiple limitations that planners can address.

Takeaway for practice: History suggests that MPOs can be a force for regional change. Planners and policymakers could anchor future reforms to MPOs’ existing legal and administrative frameworks. Planners should revisit the membership and voting structures of MPO boards to ensure better stakeholder representation and permit some MPOs to generate and direct transportation funds at the local level.     

Setting stone decay in a cultural context: conservation at the African Cemetery No. 2, Lexington,Kentucky, USA

Management of stone artifacts requires understanding the driving forces for change, whether natural or anthropogenic, in order to implement effective conservation strategies. Physical, chemical and biological processes of stone decay must be understood in order to remediate the damage they cause. It is not merely the stone itself which is to be conserved, however, but also the cultural, social, religious or artistic ideas that it represents; these values are changeable and must be defined in the context of contemporary heritage processes. Cemetery stone in Kentucky, USA, provides an example of the importance of a holistic approach to stone conservation, which integrates scientific knowledge of decay processes with conservation theory and the needs of stakeholders.     

Home,Sick Home: Using the Housing Experiences of Disabled Children to Suggest a New Theoretical Framework

Using the example of a study of the housing needs of disabled children, the paper suggests a new framework for exploring the links between health, disability and housing. It examines the literature of housing and disability and of health and housing and finds that the former omits health issues and the latter neglects disability. The paper suggests that a key reason why housing, disability and health have not been linked in the past is an unwillingness on the part of the independent living movement to medicalise disability. In the study, however, the adverse effects on physical and mental health of unsuitable housing emerged, quite unprompted, as a central theme. The study's findings can be generalised and go beyond the prevailing account of housing and disability in a number of ways. A new way of thinking about domestic environments and disability may mean that the definition of housing need goes beyond stair lifts and ramps to issues of poverty and health, conflict between families, neighbourhoods, and, most centrally of all, the constraints of physical and social space. The paper concludes that far from challenging the social model of disability the proposed framework supports it.     

我国枢纽机场陆侧交通组织的特点与问题分析

机场陆侧交通是机场和城市联系的纽带。我国枢纽机场陆侧公路交通出现拥堵的同时,轨道交通的引入带来了新的契机和挑战。该文从我国枢纽机场陆侧交通组织的现状和形势出发,对陆侧交通组织的特点和趋势进行了总结,并分析了陆侧交通组织中存在的问题,提出了未来发展我国枢纽机场陆侧交通的建议。     

浅论残疾人就业展能中心的设计

残疾人就业展能中心是以智障人士为主要服务对象的残疾人职业康复训练基地和支援型服务基地,主要是为有劳动能力和就业愿望的残疾人士提供康复训练、职业康复、技能培训、职业评估、就业辅导等一系列训练和服务,使残疾人士能够在德、智、体、能多方面得到发展,提升其就业能力及适应社会的能力。     

从单核到组团式结构:带形城市的交通模式演化与选择——以镇江市为例

从单核到组团结构是城市空间结构优化的典型特征．带状组团城市作为集城市形态和功能结构于一体的城市空间形态．其交通模式也具有特定的特征。论文以镇江市为例,着重分析了其城市空间与交通系统演变的互动发展过程和空间形态与交通模式的演化机理研究了交通模式选择与城市形态和用地特征的关系,综合典型交通模式特征,对不同交通模式进行适应性测试与评价,提出了支撑镇江市“一体两翼”城市结构的交通模式：以轨道为骨干,常规公交为主体,慢行,小汽车交通和谐发展的多元化、多层次,高效率的引导性交通模式体系。