初始织构对差厚板非均匀塑性变形的影响（英文）

CR340轧制差厚板(TRB)在轧制过程中,其不同的厚度区形成了不同的织构,分别是薄区的{111}011和{141}212织构,过渡区的{225}110和{211}011织构,厚区的{876}225和{411}011织构。根据EBSD测试结果,建立了各厚度区的多晶体塑性有限元模型,研究了单向拉伸时各厚度区的晶粒织构对滑移系开动情况和应力应变分布的影响规律。结果表明,薄区的{111}011织构和厚区的{876}225织构有利于滑移系的开动,开动的数量分别为9和8组,这使得等厚区在变形中的应力集中弱化,具有良好的塑性变形行为。而过渡区的{225}110、{211}011织构的晶粒滑移系开动较少,开动的数量分别为6和7组,导致应力集中,其塑性变形行为较差。差厚板各厚度区织构的差异导致其塑性变形呈现明显的不均匀性,其断裂位置发生在单轴拉伸时塑性变形较差的过渡区。     

Ti-2Al-2.5Zr单道次皮尔格轧制过程中显微组织和织构的演化

研究了单道次皮尔格轧制过程中Ti-2Al-2.5Zr材料的变形行为和织构的演变规律。结果表明,在轧制过程中,｛102｝孪晶和柱面滑移是最容易被激活的2种变形模式,｛102｝孪晶的产生使得晶粒在轴向上的位向从<100>转向<110>。并且,在不同瞬时Q值和等效应变量下,滑移和孪生导致｛0001｝极图中最大极密度点在切向上发生变化。     

CR340轧制差厚钢板微观结构对拉深成形性能的影响

应用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术对CR340钢轧制差厚板各厚度区晶粒尺寸、取向差分布和织构状态进行了检测,并进行了轧制差厚板的拉深试验,研究了差厚板微观结构对其拉深成形性能的影响。结果表明,差厚板薄区、过渡区和厚区的晶粒平均尺寸依次递减,而过渡区的晶粒尺寸最不均匀,织构均匀性最差;差厚板厚区晶粒细小,组织均匀性好,拉深时变形偏向厚区;{111}uvw和{876}uvw是提高冲压性能的有利织构,厚区各织构强度比更为合理,因而各向异性Δr绝对值更小,拥有比薄区较低的制耳率。     

镍基高温合金在变形热处理过程中的组织和织构演变

采用电子背向散射衍射技术研究了镍基高温合金冷变形和再结晶退火过程中的组织演变、晶界特征分布、应变分布及织构演变规律。结果表明,当冷变形量较小（ε≤45%）时,晶粒沿着轧制方向被拉长,呈扁平状于基体中均匀分布,应力主要集中在晶界和孪晶界（TB）附近,大角度晶界（HAGBs）和TBs逐渐向亚晶界（Sub-GBs）和小角度晶界（LAGBs）转变。同时,出现Goss织构 {110}<001>、Brass-R织构{111}<112>、Twinned-Copper织构{552}<115>和Copper织构{112}<111>。当轧制压下量超过70%时,晶粒形状逐渐从扁平变为纤维状,晶粒的变形均匀性逐渐变好,应变分布变得均匀,LAGBs开始占主导地位。同时,织构类型保持不变,但织构强度增加。在1120 ℃退火15 min后,孪晶的长度分数随着轧制压下量的增加而增加。同时,变形织构转变为再结晶织构,织构类型增加,但织构强度减弱。此外,当退火孪晶的比例增加时,Copper织构{112}<111>不断向Twinned-Copper织构{552}<115>转变,并且经过30%~80%轧制变形的试样产生织构{124}<211>。     

基于VPSC仿真的ZK60镁合金拉伸变形行为

通过实验和粘塑性自洽（VPSC）模型,研究了在室温下挤压态ZK60镁合金沿不同方向拉伸时的变形机制开动情况,及其与流动曲线、织构演变和显微组织的对应关系。通过调节VPSC模型的参数,建立了滑移和孪生耦合的晶体塑性力学模型。比较了不同方向拉伸过程中织构演变的差异,分析了变形机制对屈服不对称性的影响。实验和模拟结果表明：当沿垂直于挤压方向（PED）拉伸时,由于｛102｝孪晶开动,大部分晶粒发生大角度旋转（约90°）。柱面<a>滑移是导致ZK60合金沿不同方向拉伸时出现明显屈服不对称的主要变形机理。当ZK60合金沿挤压方向（ED）拉伸时,由于晶粒的择优取向分布,｛101｝孪晶难以开动,导致ZK60挤压态镁合金拉伸屈服强度较高。ZK60镁合金沿着与ED成45°的方向拉伸时,屈服应力高于沿PED拉伸,但随着拉应力逐渐增大,由于沿PED拉伸时柱面<a>滑移逐渐开动,沿PED应变后期的应力曲线逐渐高于沿与ED成45°方向应变的应力曲线。     

工业纯钛板材的轧制织构及微观组织对其孪晶和再结晶行为的依赖性

将工业纯钛（CP-Ti）板轧制至不同程度,随后进行退火以及进行20%的再轧制。通过电子背散射衍射（EBSD）对合金微观组织的变化进行表征。重新轧制后,｛112｝<23>压缩孪晶和｛102｝<101>拉伸孪晶产生。可以观察到孪晶的层状结构,这是由变形孪晶的缠结以及二次和三次孪晶的产生引起的。平均晶粒尺寸和孪晶量之间没有简单的关联。0.5 h退火样品中的晶粒尺寸随其预变形程度的增加而显著减小。重新轧制倾向于使晶格的重新取向更接近法线方向。虽然织构变化和孪晶体积分数很小,但平行于RD方向的｛100｝纤维织构仍然保留。     

大晶粒纯镁疲劳变形过程中交叉滑移迹线的分析

在室温条件下研究了大晶粒纯镁疲劳变形过程中有可能激活的滑移系统及滑移迹线。结果表明,经过疲劳变形后大量的纵横交叉滑移迹线在样品表面产生,基于晶粒取向与滑移迹线方向的综合判定,这种纵横交叉滑移迹线是由反复疲劳变形过程中基体的基面滑移与同一区域内｛102｝孪生过程中所再次产生的基面滑移而形成。通过实验观察到最有可能发生的锥面滑移系统为在｛101｝面上所产生的<113>锥面滑移,但总体上来说,基面的滑移迹线比锥面的滑移迹线更密集,这说明锥面滑移在整个疲劳变形过程中被抑制。     

冷却介质对商业纯钛 β→α 相转变组织及织构的影响

利用OM、ECC、EBSD、TEM等表征技术和显微硬度实验研究了经β固溶处理的商业纯钛板材在β→α相变过程中不同冷却介质对其组织演变、变体选择、织构遗传及力学性能的影响。结果表明：随着冷却速率的降低,相变组织依次呈细针状α′马氏体（水冷和液氮冷）、Widmanst?tten组织（空冷）及粗大晶粒（炉冷）,且冷却速率越快,则转变组织越细,进而其硬度值越高。在β→α冷却过程中,只有炉冷条件下由于出现了部分不满足Burgers关系的取向,导致其并不严格遵循Burgers取向关系。与原始组织相比,水冷和液氮冷条件下由于出现新的织构成分（<0001>//TD、<110>//ND）,导致其织构分布更分散;炉冷条件下由于发生了强烈变体选择而出现织构遗传现象,导致更强的相变织构。因此可以通过提高冷却速率来抑制变体选择,进而弱化相变织构。     

2A14-T4铝合金T形接头静轴肩搅拌摩擦焊组织结构与力学性能

采用静轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接法（SSFSW）在不同的焊接速度下制备了2A14-T4铝合金T形接头。在优化的焊接工艺参数下,可以得到光滑的T形接头焊缝表面。结果表明：焊接熔核区（WNZ）的显微组织为完全动态再结晶产生的细小等轴晶,第2次焊核区（WNZ2）的平均晶粒尺寸最大,焊接重合区（WNOZ）次之,第1次焊核区（WNZ1）的平均晶粒尺寸最小。WNZ的再结晶机制主要是几何动态再结晶,并伴有部分连续动态再结晶。WNZ1和WNZ2织构类型为弱{111}<110>,而WNOZ经过2次搅拌后织构类型为弱{100}<001>。热机械影响区（TMAZ）发生塑性变形,而热影响区（HAZ）只受到焊接热循环作用,不发生塑性变形和晶粒的动态再结晶。WNZ的硬度较高,硬度最低的区域位于靠近TMAZ的HAZ。随着焊接速度的增加,接头抗拉伸强度先增大后减小。底板和加强板的主要断裂形式是脆性/韧性混合断裂。     

AZ31镁合金挤压薄板织构及力学各向异性

研究AZ31镁合金挤压薄板的显微组织、织构及室温下板面内各不同方向的力学性能。织构分析表明,挤压薄板主要有{0002}<1-010>和{10-10}<11-20>2种织构组分。拉伸测试结果显示,沿挤压方向屈服强度最高,达到200.4MPa,这是由于这种取向基面滑移和{1-012}锥面孪生均不能开动,发生织构强化的结果;与挤压方向呈45°方向伸长率最高达19.0%,这是由于具有{10-10}<11-20>织构组分晶粒的基面滑移开动;与挤压方向呈90°方向屈服强度最低仅为挤压方向相应值的一半左右,这是由于具有{10-10}<11-20>织构组分晶粒发生了{10-12}锥面孪生。     

Crystal plasticity finite element simulation of NiTi shape memory alloy based on representative volume element

Crystal plasticity finite element method based on a representative volume element model, which includes the effect of grain shape and size, is combined with electron backscattered diffraction experiment in order to investigate plastic deformation of NiTi shape memory alloy during uniaxial compression at 400 °C. Simulation results indicate that the constructed representation of the polycrystal microstructure is able to effectively simulate macroscopically global stress-strain response and microscopically inhomogeneous microstructure evolution in the case of various loading directions. According to slip activity and Schmid factor in {110}<100>, {010}<100> and {110}<111> slip modes, <100> slip modes are found to play a dominant role in plastic deformation, while <111> slip mode is found to be a secondary slip mode. In addition, the simulation results are supported well by the experimental ones. With the progression of plastic deformation, the (001) [\(0\bar 10\)] texture component gradually disappears, while the γ-fiber (<111>) texture is increasingly enhanced.     

Interpretation of hot rolling and cold rolling texture in high purity aluminium

In high purity aluminium two different types of hot band textures were produced by changing the final hot rolling temperatures. The texture of the hot bands was found to be inhnmogeneous through thickness. The strong preferred orientation of {001}<110> developed in the surface layer of the hot band which had been rolled at the higher finishing temperature. For the lower finishing temperature sample, the cold rolling type of texture was formed in the hot band. The cold rolling texture was dependent on the initial hot rolling texture. The hot band which had strong {001}<110> at the surface layer led to the maximum orientation density at {44 11}<11 11 8> after the subsequent cold rolling. Preferred orientations near {123}<634> in the hot band caused the maximum at {123}<634> in the cold rolling texture. The experimental results were discussed based on the simulation test of deformation texture in which the rotation of orientations was calculated from the Taylor model. In this calculation, the strain state of the deformation zone in the rolling gap is assumed to vary with shears induced from the geometry and the friction.     

Study on the cold rolling deformation behavior of polycrystalline tungsten

Tungsten is paid special attention due to its superior properties, especially in nuclear field. Meanwhile it is suitable for texture simulation investigation of BCC metals and alloys as it's near elastically isotropic. This study investigates the cold rolling deformation texture of polycrystalline tungsten using RS model, in which the stress and strain consistence is realized simultaneously. The texture evolution and effects of deformation parameters, including external as well as internal reaction stress, strain and activation of different slip, on texture during rolling are discussed by comparing the simulated results and reported experimental results in literatures. The results show that, the cold rolling deformation texture could be simulated statistically based on RS model. The accumulation of each reaction stress is different. The up-limit of reaction stress σ'₁₂ is found to be medium, meaning that σ'₁₂ exerts important effect on texture evolution. Much lower accumulation level of σ'₁₃ as well σ'₂₃ is displayed, each of which within certain range contributes to the increase of different γ-fiber texture components. The effect of σ'₂₂ can't be ignored during rolling, especially in the case of obtaining {111}<110> texture. Regarding the deformation textures of tungsten rolled to true strains of −1.7 and −2.91, {001}<110> texture is strengthened with the increasing strain and becomes dominant, implying the easier activation of {112}<111> slip systems; γ-fiber texture is weakened at higher strain, and the formation of {111}<112> texture shows significant effect of surface shear stress σ₁₃, which is due to the nonnegligible surface friction when rolling at high temperature.     

Effect of deformation texture on the anisotropy of elasticity and damage of two-phase steel sheets

The effect of small tensile deformation (3, 6, and 10%) on the texture of preliminary annealed sheets of two-phase DP600 steel (0.10 C, 0.15 Si, 1.4 Mn, 0.007 P, 0.008 S, 0,009 N, 0.02–0,06 Al, 1 Cr–Mo–Ni (wt %)) is studied. Against the background of the annealing texture in the sheets, the {001} <110>, {111} <110>, {111} <112>, {111} <312> components of the slip texture and {115} <110>, {115} <552>, {221} <110>, {221} <114> orientations are developed, which can be associated with the twinning processes. The anisotropy pattern of the Young’s modulus (E) in the sheet plane remains the same after tensile deformation of the annealed sheets. After tension, the values of E decrease in all directions as a result of the onset and development of microdamages. The anisotropy of damage (D) in the plane of the steel sheets after tension is characterized by a maximum in the transverse direction (TD) and a minimum in the rolling direction (RD).     

Stability of initial texture components during deep drawing of FCC polycrystals

Stability of ideal orientations and texture formation during deep drawing were investigated for a hot roiled AA 1050. Lattice rotation fields around ideal orientations were numericlly predicted using a rate sensitive polycrystal model with full constraint boundary conditions. In order to evaluate the strain path during deep drawing of an AA1050, simulations using a finite element analysis were carried out. The stability of orientations and texture formation were examined at the sequential strain paths such as flange deformation and wall deformation. During flange deformation, Goss and P_f 0 1 1 <21 32 32 > (shifted form P {0 1 1} <8 11 11>) satisfied the stability condition of texture formation, while during wall deformation, only B_w {0 1 1} <17 13 13> (shifted from Brass) and D_w {5 5 12} <6 6 5> (shifted from Dillamore) satisfied the stability condition of orientation.