斑蝥素及其药理作用研究进展

斑蝥属鞘翅目芫菁科昆虫,是我国最早发现的具有抗肿瘤作用的中药材之一,其药用成分是一种单萜类有毒物质——斑蝥素。本为就斑蝥素的资源分布、生化特性、在虫体中的分布及药理学作用进行了综述,为人类进一步认识和利用斑蝥素提供了理论基础。     

农业大数据在农业经济管理中的应用分析

近年来,我国综合国力不断增强,为大数据的发展和应用提供了便利。而大数据也成为目前我国时代发展主要趋势,并且在诸多领域中均使用了大数据。大数据的发展和推广对我国有重要意义。在大数据背景下,我国农业、工业等领域均呈迅速发展趋势。但不可否认,农业发展仍存在根本问题,主要表现在农业经济管理方面。因此,为优化农业经济管理、确保农业快速发展,需进行大数据优化并应用。     

昆虫转基因技术应用研究和展望

转基因昆虫研究已取得很大进展,利用转座子等载体将目的片段插入昆虫基因组中使其表达特定基因,从而利用该特定基因控制有害昆虫繁殖,并调节昆虫生命循环各个环节。文章总结了昆虫转基因技术所涉及的相关载体和转化体系,及其在害虫防治和有益昆虫生命活动调节方面的应用情况,为转基因昆虫的进一步开发应用奠定了基础。     

浅谈大数据对发展农业信息化的促进作用

较详细地阐述了大数据技术的工作原理和应用,并分析了大数据技术在我国农业信息化过程中的扮演的角色和作用。通过对大数据技术在农产品检测预警、农业信息透明度等方面作用的探讨,对我国农业发展大数据技术提出一些建议。     

脂肪酸在金属加工液中的应用

目前工业脂肪酸特别是脂肪酸衍生物的开发应用正得到越来越多人的重视与关注。有关它的生产应用较全面的论述也时有报道[1] 。本文试就在金属加工液领域中有关它的应用作进一步的探讨 ,以起抛砖引玉的作用。由于它所起的作用的复杂性 ,所以按它的作用来分类也只是相对的。它在金属加工液中的作用大致可分为三类 ,即作乳化剂、润滑剂和防锈剂用。1　作乳化剂脂肪酸皂是金属加工液中最常用的阴离子乳化剂 ,它主要是由一种或几种混合长链脂肪酸 (主要是Ｃ12 - 18酸 )与碱反应而得 ,所用碱为氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾或苯、二、三乙醇胺。它与其它非离…     

荧光法研究二氧化硫衍生物与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

目的:研究二氧化硫衍生物与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用.方法:用荧光猝灭光谱法和紫外可见吸收光谱法分析BSA及BSA-二氧化硫衍生物相互作用后体系的光谱特征.结果:①在不同温度下,二氧化硫衍生物能使BSA的内源荧光发生有规律的猝灭,猝灭作用可能为静态猝灭.②得出了二氧化硫衍生物和BSA相互作用的热力学常数、结合常数和结合位点数;相互作用力主要为氢键和范德华力,且作用力较弱.③三维荧光光谱表明,二氧化硫衍生物对BSA的构象影响不明显.结论:二氧化硫衍生物与BSA可能的结合方式为二氧化硫衍生物与蛋白质的氨基酸残基发生结合反应,生成不发荧光或者荧光强度较弱的基态复合物,使BSA荧光发生部分猝灭,但对BSA构象影响不明显,具体作用机制还需进一步探讨.     

PCBM固体薄膜性能发展现状及改进方法

PCBM富勒烯衍生物是一种电子受体材料,由于具有良好的光电性能,因此在太阳能电池的应用上具有非常光明的前途。太阳能电池是一种可直接将太阳能转化为电能的装置,它一直是世界各国作为可再生能源的主要研究目标之一。本文主要介绍了目前PCBM固体薄膜的发展现状和应用领域及PCBM材料在实际应用中面临的问题与如何提高性能,最后对PCBM材料的发展前景进行了展望。     

大口径射电望远镜结构的保型设计

发展空间科学,探索宇宙的奥秘,是我国航天科技发展的目标。作为射电天文学主要探测工具的射电望远镜,为适应深空探测的需求,高精度、大口径是其发展的必然方向。大口径射电望远镜结构系统的设计对整个系统设计起着决定性的作用。文中详细阐述了望远镜结构由刚性设计向柔性设计发展的必要性,介绍了望远镜结构保型设计的原理及其在世界知名大型射电望远镜结构设计中的成功应用,并结合我国最大口径的66 m天线的设计实践,证明了该设计方法的科学性与先进性。     

实蝇图像识别中的形态特征提取研究

特征提取是图像识别中的重要环节,为更加准确的对云南省常见的有害果蔬实蝇进行分类,本文针对实蝇昆虫的特点,对其形态学特征的提取、测量和选择进行了研究。分别对实蝇整体和躯干部分提取了16种形态特征作为原始特征,包括新提出的描述昆虫斑点面积比例的空心度和描述昆虫体型比例的质心距离比的定义。使用一种改进的基于支持向量机(SVM)的特征选择方法并应用此方法对原始特征进行筛选,根据各维特征的贡献大小最终得到9个最优特征。分类结果显示,所提取特征有利于后期昆虫分类。     

富勒烯膦酸衍生物对HeLa细胞生长的影响

研究富勒烯膦酸衍生物2P对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞生长的影响.利用本实验室合成的富勒烯膦酸衍生物2P作用于HeLa细胞,并应用MTT法、流式细胞术、和PI/H033342双染色法等方法检测其效应.结果表明,2P在光照条件下对HeLa细胞生长具有明显的抑制作用,这种作用有剂量依赖性和光照依赖性.经过双染后荧光镜检测和流式检测后发现有高比例的凋亡细胞存在.流式细胞术结果还发现2P对HeLa细胞周期产生明显影响,表现为G1期细胞减少,S期和G2/M期细胞增多,推测细胞可能被2P阻断在S、G2期.以上结果提示富勒烯膦酸衍生物的细胞毒作用,以及作为抗肿瘤药物的可能.     

Effects of advance ratio on elytra-hindwing interaction in forward flying Coleopteran beetle

In the present study, numerical simulations are performed to explore the significance of elytron-hindwing interaction in the forward flying Coleopteran beetle. The study investigates the effects of hindwing stroke amplitude (A/c) and advance ratio (J), (which is defined as the ratio of the incoming air velocity to the wing flapping velocity), on the aerodynamic forces. The wing kinematics of a Coleopteran beetle is constructed by using a combination of translation and rotation motion. The elytron is modeled by using a cambered airfoil that mimics the real geometry of the beetle wing, and the hindwing is modeled by using an elliptical profile. The results indicate that the beetle cruises with a constant velocity at approximately J = 0.3 in the tandem wing arrangement. It is observed that the angle of the net force vector relative to the stroke plane tilts systematically according to the flying speed. The influence of vortex structures on the beetle aerodynamic forces is analyzed. The elytron-hindwing interaction is found to be beneficial to the vertical force generation of hindwing as well as for the elytron when J > 0.0. The vortices interaction is observed during the downstroke period, and the leading edge vortex (LEV) of the elytron is captured by LEV of the hindwing that enhances the total vertical force. During the upstroke translation phase, the combined trailing edge vortex of elytron interacts/merges with the LEV of the hindwing and increases the horizontal force.     

Rattling modes and the intrinsic vibrational spectrum of beetle-type scanning tunneling microscopes

It is known that the vibrational spectra of beetle-type scanning tunneling microscopes with a total mass of approximately 3-4 g contain extrinsic 'rattling' modes in the frequency range extending from 500 to 1700 Hz that interfere with image acquisition. These modes lie below the lowest calculated eigenfrequency of the beetle and it has been suggested that they arise from the inertial sliding of the beetle between surface asperities on the raceway. In this paper we describe some cross-coupling measurements that were performed on three home-built beetle-type STMs of two different designs. We provide evidence that suggests that for beetles with total masses of 12-15 g all the modes in the rattling range are intrinsic. This provides additional support for the notion that the vibrational properties of beetle-type scanning tunneling microscopes can be improved by increasing the contact pressure between the feet of the beetle and the raceway.     

使用汞分析器检测矿渣及水泥中的汞

以矿渣和水泥作为研究对象,采用汞分析器对其中的汞进行检测。水泥是一种建筑过程中广泛使用的高凝结材料。由于汞具有较大的毒性,因此必须严格检测建筑材料中汞的含量以降低其对人体的损害。作为水泥的替代物,矿渣具有许多的优点,例如价格低廉、毒性较小等。     

生物安全预警系统在印染废水监控中的应用

现行的废水监测仅能对有限的几个理化指标进行在线监控,无法全面反映废水中有毒污染物的排放情况。本文引进用于水源安全预警的生物安全预警系统,并通过试验将其对印染废水出水复合污染物的监控进行了分析。结果表明:1.该印染废水进水含多种有毒物质,有较强生物毒性,而经处理的出水正常情况下无明显急性生物毒性。2.当出水中含有一定量有毒物质时,系统能进行及时有效的预警;3.系统可实现较长时间的在线监测需要,能很好地反映企业有毒废水的排放情况。     

动物驱动足摩擦学特性研究及仿生设计

研究了蝗虫、壁虎等具有全空间运动能力的动物脚掌的形态、材料微结构及其拓扑关系和接触力学规律。结果表明,脚掌产生的摩擦力具有明确的各向异性,脚掌各部分产生的摩擦力具有自锁合的特点,脚掌材料拓扑结构也具有各向异性特征。研究结果对陆上运动车辆驱动部件(如轮胎)的设计具有重要参考价值。     

Frictional characteristics of the beetle head-joint material

Frictional properties of the head part in the beetle head–thorax articulation were studied in two beetle species, Pachnoda marginata and Geotrupes stercorarius (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea). Using the microtribometer, the head part of the joint was brought into contact with the flat glass and slid along a distance of 120 μm. The friction experiment was carried out with two conditions of the head material: fresh and air-dried. The tribosystem, consisting of the sapphire sphere in contact with flat glass, was used for comparison. Frictional coefficient of the joint material on glass was significantly lower than that of the sapphire sphere on glass. The material of the joint cuticle is rather stiff and the surface is hydrophobic (the contact angle of distilled water was 88.3°). It is suggested here that the high stiffness of the joint material and hydrophobicity of the joint surface are parts of the mechanism minimizing friction in insect joints.     

Reflection Measurements Used In The Analysis Of Structural Colours Of Beetles

Reflectance measurements have been carried out on the elytral cuticle of two beetles. Great differences arise in the tiger beetle Cicindela campestris depending on the extremely structured surface and colour variation from point to point. In comparison the buprestid beetle Chrysochroa vittata appears more even. Indeed macroscopically it looks completely smooth, but there are microscopical structures complicating reflection measurements. The advantages and disadvantages of working with a macro- and a microspectrophotometer are listed. The structural properties of the colour producing multilayer system are the same in both species. Measured spectral reflectance curves show the typical form of interference colours. A second order reflectance maximum in the UV region was found. Calculations of the reflectance curves were done by the equations given by Huxley for the non-ideal type of multilayer reflectors.     

快速定性分析一种剧毒Ⅱ型核糖体失活蛋白

采用亲和色谱和离子交换色谱技术,从我国东北产槲寄生中分离纯化出一种剧毒Ⅱ型核糖体失活蛋白CM1。通过基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱法测定CM1的肽质量指纹谱,利用Mascot软件,进行数据库搜索,对其性质进行快速准确地鉴定。     

基于UG甲壳虫汽车车身的逆向设计

介绍了逆向工程的概念,阐述了逆向工程技术的工作流程,采用RSM型三维扫描抄数机对甲壳虫汽车车身进行数据测量,并在UG平台上对车身的点云数据进行数据处理、曲线建立、曲面重构、验证分析及造型等过程,采用逆向技术对汽车车身进行设计开发,结果表明了UG在逆向工程技术中具有很好的实用性.     

Observation of antennal sensilla in Xylotrechus grayii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) with scanning electron microscopy

The longicorn beetle Xylotrechus grayii (White, 1855) has been spreading rapidly in China, causing mass mortality of honeysuckle which is economically and medicinally important. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of mate and host location and to advance efficient control methods, antennal sensilla features were investigated in both sexes of X. grayii using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The filiform antennae of both sexes consist of scape, pedicel, and nine flagellomeres (f1–9). Five types of sensilla were observed: sensilla chaetica (5 subtypes, SC1–5), sensilla basiconica (4 subtypes, SB1–4), Böhm bristles (Bm), grooved peg sensilla (Gp), and sensilla campaniformia (Ca). SC were most common on the antennae, followed by SB and Bm. No significant sexual differences in the type, amounts, and distribution of antennal sensilla were found except for the distribution of SB clusters and Ca. SB clusters and Ca occurred on f1–8 of male antennae but were absent on those segments in females, suggesting a potential function as receptors for female sex pheromones. The putative functions of other sensilla are discussed based on their characteristics in related species. This study provides an important foundation for further research on sensory mechanisms and control measures of X. grayii. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:264–273, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.