750 kV输变电示范工程单相人工接地故障试验现场实测和计算分析

应用电磁暂态计算程序(electromagnetictransientprogram,EMTP)对安装金属氧化物避雷器的35kV配电线路的耐雷水平进行了分析计算。具体比较了雷击有、无避雷线的线路,采取不同避雷器安装方案时的耐雷水平;分析了杆塔冲击接地电阻、绕击导线位置对耐雷水平的影响。仿真计算结果表明,安装线路避雷器﹑减小杆塔的接地电阻可有效提高35kV配电线路的耐雷水平。对于35kV有避雷线配电线路,加装线路避雷器后可显著降低其发生绕击闪络的概率。     

复合外套避雷器在昌房500kV紧凑型线路的防雷效果分析

５００ ｋＶ昌房紧凑型线路采用线路避雷器后,能较大地提高线路的耐雷水平。紧凑型线路避雷器本体的荷电率取０．９,完全能承受雷击杆塔时的放电电流和放电能量。     

35kV输电线路避雷器的雷电放电电流和吸收能量

在建立输电线路防雷计算模型的基础上,用电磁暂态计算程序对有、无避雷线的35 kV输电线路避雷器的雷电放电电流和吸收的雷电放电能量进行了计算。具体计算了不同幅值的雷电流作用下,不同冲击接地电阻时,线路上避雷器的放电电流和吸收的比能量,讨论了雷电流、接地电阻对放电电流和比能量的影响,并对分别装在有、无避雷线的输电线路上的避雷器的放电电流和比能量进行了纵向比较分析。     

一起雷电引发220 kV断路器爆炸事故的分析

阐述了一起雷电引发220kV SR断路器爆炸事故的情况,结合事故的遥视系统监控录像、故障录波图、保护动作、现场检查情况以及事故线路附近雷电定位数据,分析了雷击形式和断路器爆炸的原因及影响因素,并对照分析了站内加装出线避雷器和装设线路避雷器这两种防范措施,讨论了运行和反事故措施的一些注意事项。     

基于K-Means高频局放10 kV避雷器快速带电检测方法 研究

针对视觉观察、红外测温、超声波成像、泄漏工频电流和直流分量等方法无法快速发现10 kV配网架空线路上的氧化锌避雷器内部受潮及绝缘缺陷问题,文中提出了基于K-Means智能识别缺陷类型的方法及原理,使用人为制作10 kV氧化锌避雷器内部受潮、阀片裂纹等缺陷样品,通过无局放源的升压装置,加压至10 kV额定电压,通过高频电流传感器(HFCT)、高速采集卡拾取局部放电数据,建立氧化锌缺陷类型数据库;通过在现场不同测点测得不同10 kV氧化锌避雷器亚稳态下的13组数据,结果表明该方法对10 kV避雷器内部绝缘缺陷、内部受潮缺陷识别准确率达到98%以上,验证了基于K-Means高频局放10 kV氧化锌避雷器快速带电检测方法正确性,具有较高的经济效应和社会使用价值。     

110kV带串联间隙复合外套线路型氧化锌避雷器的应用

减少输电线路雷击跳闸率一直是电力工程技术人员关注的课题,对于雷电活动强烈、土壤电阻率高、地形复杂的山区线路,采用常规的措施降低雷击跳闸率已难以奏效。实践表明,采用线路避雷器是有效的防雷措施之一。重点介绍110kV带串联间隙线路型复合外套氧化锌避雷器的保护原理、技术参数和组装工艺要求。     

多重雷击引起220kV断路器损坏的事故分析

针对220 kV线路雷击故障时雷电波侵入220 kV变电站内,引起220 kV断路器断口绝缘击穿,导致断路器内部损坏,建议开展110、220 kV SF_6断路器雷电冲击、反极性工频联合电压试验,并在强雷地区变电站110、220 kV架空出线侧加装避雷器保护。这些线路避雷器除了能防止断口内外闪络,也可以保护母线上的其他电气设备,显著地减少雷击的危害。     

Assessment of surge arrester failure rate and application studies in Hellenic high voltage transmission lines

The use of transmission line surge arresters to improve the lightning performance of transmission lines is becoming more common. Especially in areas with high soil resistivity and ground flash density, surge arresters constitute the most effective protection mean. In this paper a methodology for assessing the surge arrester failure rate based on the electrogeometrical model is presented. Critical currents that exceed arresters rated energy stress were estimated by the use of a simulation tool. The methodology is applied on operating Hellenic transmission lines of 150 kV. Several case studies are analyzed by installing surge arresters on different intervals, in relation to the region's tower footing resistance and the ground flash density. The obtained results are compared with real records of outage rate showing the effectiveness of the surge arresters in the reduction of the recorded failure rate. The presented methodology can be proved valuable to the studies of electric power systems designers intending in a more effective lightning protection, reducing the operational costs and providing continuity of service.     

采用MOA的输电线路雷电响应分析模型

用ATP仿真研究了 110kV线路雷击响应的一些杆塔和线路模型 ,指出分段传输线模型是较合理的杆塔模型。仿真结果有助于制定用带串联间隙线路避雷器来降低线路雷击事故的相应措施。     

浅议220 kV韶郭线安装氧化锌避雷器后的运行效果

韶关电厂至郭塘变电站的２２０ｋＶ输变电线路大部分杆塔地处粤北山区,雷电活动强烈,常发生雷击跳闸故障。为此,选择在韶郭线雷电易击段安装氧化锌避雷器的方法,来提高线路的防雷性能。通过雷电定位系统的分析比较,安装氧化锌避雷器后,线路跳闸次数明显下降,事实证明这种方法的防雷效果较好。     

山区水电站10kV线路及设备防雷措施仿真研究

根据某山区水电站10 kV配电线路及设备的雷害情况,分析了事故发生的原因。结合ATP软件进行仿真,具体分析了不平衡绝缘、安装避雷器、安装耦合地线对10 kV线路及设备耐雷水平的影响。提出两种不同的防雷方案,运用ATP软件进行仿真并分析比较,最终得出上述防雷措施在该10 kV线路及设备中的具体应用方案。     

Investigation of effect of transmission line arresters verified by lightning surges at substations

In recent years, transmission line arresters have been installed to protect overhead power transmission lines from backflashovers caused by lightning. In addition, it has been expected that substation lightning surges incoming via transmission lines can be suppressed by them. However, the suppression effect by those with series gaps has not been investigated sufficiently. The author has measured lightning surges at two 77‐kV substations from 1990 to 1993. As the transmission line arresters have been mounted on the towers since 1992, the lightning surges due to the sparkover of the series gap of the transmission line arresters can be observed at the substations. In this paper, the lightning surge waveforms due to such sparkover have been analyzed in detail. Next, an accurate EMTP simulation method considering the induced lightning surge voltages has been proposed. Finally, their suppression effect has been investigated by simulation corresponding to each mounting method. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 126(4): 30–39, 1999     

±800 kV直流线路避雷器在锦苏线上的应用

为了提高±800 kV特高压直流输电线路抵御雷害风险能力,研究了±800 kV直流线路避雷器安装选点、基本参数、安装方案和工程应用。文中以±800 kV锦苏线浙江段为工程背景,对其线路走廊落雷情况进行了分析及差异化防雷评估,提出了安装选点原则,开展了避雷器的关键技术参数的理论计算及试验研究,分析了线路避雷器的安装要求,根据安装选点原则配置了避雷器,设计了一种复合绝缘子斜拉式安装方法,成功实施了±800 kV直流线路避雷器的大规模工程应用,对±800 kV直流线路避雷器在其余±800 kV直流输电线路的推广应用具有重要的实践和借鉴意义。     

500kV交流瓷外套避雷器干弧距离的探讨

目前标准中并没有规定500kV交流瓷外套避雷器的干弧距离,其干弧距离由型式试验确定。专门试验结果表明,即使干弧距离为3．6m,500kV交流瓷外套避雷器的绝缘配合系数也远超于现行国家标准及IEC标准的规定。中国和日本大量500kV交流瓷外套避雷器的干弧距离为3、2—3．6m,其安全运行的实绩已充分说明上述结论的正确性。建议用户在招标文件和技术协议中,不必要求500kV交流瓷外套避雷器的干弧距离,没有实际意义。     

500 kV线路避雷器保护失效分析及改进措施研究

线路避雷器是防止输电线路雷击跳闸的有效手段,随着高电压等级线路避雷器的使用,出现了因安装方式导致的线路避雷器保护失效问题。针对某500 kV输电线路发生的线路避雷器在大幅值雷电流反击下对绝缘子串保护失效的问题,采用电磁暂态分析软件ATP-EMTP建立了仿真分析模型,分别对雷电流绕击和反击情况下绝缘子串和线路避雷器两端承受的电压进行了量化,得出了导致反击情况下线路避雷器保护失效的原因;提出了对现有500 kV线路避雷器安装方式的改进方案,并对改进方案下反击雷电流导致的绝缘子串和线路避雷器两端电压波形进行了比较,验证了改进措施的有效性。所研究成果对于500 kV及以上电压等级线路避雷器的使用具有重要参考价值。     

加强广东电网110 kV及220 kV敞开式变电站雷电侵入波保护分析

近年,广东电网110kV,220kV敞开式变电站雷电侵入波事故呈显著上升趋势,事故率和耐雷指标明显高于一般运行水平,为此,在分析事故原因的基础上,提出在广东地区110kV,220kV敞开式变电站架空出线侧加装避雷器保护的具体措施,并通过电网实际运行数据的统计,对加装出线避雷器保护的有效性、加装数量和工程投资、安装位置及设备选型、避雷器运行维护等问题进行分析,对变电站雷电侵入波保护、过电压及绝缘配合国标修订具有参考意义。     

采用避雷器防止10kV架空绝缘导线雷击断线

在绝缘导线应用于配电线路的建设中,10 kV架空线路雷击断线事故是影响安全供电的大问题.通过分析架空绝缘导线雷击断线的机理,介绍安装线路型金属氧化物避雷器可有效限制雷电过电压对配电线路的危害,减少绝缘导线配电线路的雷击断线事故,保证配电线路的安全运行,指出安装线路型避雷器这一防雷技术存在的问题,并分析了线路型避雷器的安装密度和保护效果.     

Development and applications of lightning arresters fortransmission lines

A lightning arrester with a series gap for transmission lines has been developed to prevent faults due to lightning. It has shown excellent performance since 1986 on 77 kV service lines in heavy lightning regions. A 275 kV lightning arrester has also been developed, and a field test was started on a service line in 1988. The authors describe the requirements for lightning arresters for transmission lines, design concepts, specifications, and operational records on the 77 kV lines for three years. The gapped-type lightning arrester is considered the most practical given the existing technology. To obtain light and small lightning arresters, an ethylene-propylene rubber shed was adopted for external insulation and a special pressure relief mechanism was introduced in place of the pressure relief guide of the station arresters. The follow current can be cut off within a period of 0.25 to 0.5 cycles even under contaminated and wet conditions     

500kV变电站雷电波侵入过电压建模与分析

500 kV变电站在电网中占有重要的地位,如若因为雷电波侵入导致站内电气设备的损坏将造成巨大的经济损失,甚至引发电网瓦解或者大规模停电。文中根据湖南省岳阳市某500 kV变电站的资料,使用ATP-EMTP软件搭建变电站仿真模型来研究变电站雷电侵入波过电压防护的弱点。通过将进线段和变电站看为一个整体,建立合适的变电站设备、雷电流、杆塔、绝缘子闪络、电晕、输电线路、氧化锌避雷器等模型。进行计算分析使结果更符合实际,从而提出合理的避雷器布置方案,对变电站雷电过电压防护设计具有参考价值。     

Transmission line arrester energy, cost, and risk of failureanalysis for partially shielded transmission lines

Application of metal oxide surge arresters in power systems has been traditionally linked to electrical equipment protection. The industry has noted a very significant increase in the application of metal oxide arresters on transmission lines in an effort to reduce lightning initiated flashovers. This paper describes a cost-effective installation of surge arresters on a partially shielded transmission line. It compares several options with respect to cost and gains in terms of lightning performance improvement. This paper also presents a new approach to calculate risk of failure of transmission line surge arresters (TLSAs) due to lightning strokes to towers, shield/phase conductors, and illustrates the method with an example for a partially shielded line. Results show that the risk of failure is very small. The installation of TLSAs completed in 1997 demonstrated that it is possible to afford adequate lightning protection levels by selectively applying surge arresters only to the towers most sensitive to backflashover and shielding failures