摇摆对非能动余热排出系统自然循环能力影响的试验研究

在摇摆台架上对摇摆条件下的非能动余热排出系统的自然循环能力及其相关特性进行了试验研究。分析了附加压降和重位压降对流动特性的影响,以及摇摆条件下的重位压降和流动阻力对流速的影响。结果表明:摇摆条件下,非能动余热排出系统自然循环能力下降。摇摆振幅越大,平均凝水流量越小,波动幅度越大;凝水流量最小值随摇摆振幅的增大而下降很多,但凝水流量最大值变化较小。系统参数变化与摇摆周期关系不大。附加压降不会对平均流速产生影响,重位压降对平均流速的影响与周期无关。重位压降对流速的影响比流动阻力的影响小得多。随着摇摆振幅的增加,流动阻力对平均流速的影响略有降低。     

周期性力场作用下窄通道内两相流压降特性

通过实验研究了摇摆造成的周期性附加惯性力作用下矩形窄通道内空气 水两相流压降特性。按分液相雷诺数将流动分为层流区（Re_f <800）、过渡区（800≤Re_f≤1 400）及湍流区（Re_f >1 400）3个区域,并对各区域内附加压降、重位压降和摩擦压降平均值及瞬态值进行了比较。结果表明,附加惯性力对窄通道内两相流整数倍周期内平均摩擦阻力无明显影响。周期性附加惯性力作用下(摇摆周期16 s,摇摆振幅30°),层流区及过渡区气相表观速度、液相表观速度、质量含气率及摩擦压降随时间周期性波动,波动周期等于摇摆运动周期;瞬时摩擦压降相对于其平均值的波动幅值随气液两相流速的增加而减小。湍流区两相流动参数周期性波动不明显。     

摇摆条件下非能动余热排出系统的实验研究

在摇摆台架上对非能动余热排出系统进行了实验研究和数值模拟.在小摇摆振幅条件下,摇摆对系统影响较小,在大摇摆振幅条件下,系统的传热能力有一定程度的降低;摇摆条件下,系统的传热受传热系数、摩擦阻力和流速等因素的影响,而不是摇摆振幅和周期的简单函数.在RELAP5/MOD3.2程序的基础上,用漂移流模型代替两流体模型,通过修正混合物动量方程、提升压降、冷凝传热关系式和添加矩阵求逆模块研制了摇摆条件下非能动余热排出系统的计算分析软件.对实验进行了数值模拟,结果与实验比较吻合.     

摇摆条件下非能动余热排出系统运行特性的试验与理论研究

在摇摆台架上对摇摆条件下的非能动余热排出系统运行特性进行了试验研究。在RELAP5/MOD3.2程序的基础上,采用漂移流模型替代两流体模型,通过修正混合物动量方程、冷凝传热模型,对程序进行改进,利用改进的RELAP5程序,对摇摆条件下的非能动余热排出系统进行了数值模拟,计算结果与试验结果相吻合,误差在10%以内。改进的冷凝换热关系式可较好地用于含有液滴夹带的冷凝换热计算。在摇摆试验中,凝水温度与蒸汽压力波动很小。     

两相流动中摇摆引起的附加作用分析

对摇摆条件下竖直、水平和倾斜3种布置形式的管路系统中两相流动附加惯性力及由附加惯性力引起的附加压降进行详细的推导,并给出具体的附加惯性力及附加压降计算关系式。通过对比流动方向上由于摇摆引起的附加惯性力及重力分量的波动幅度,发现重力分量的波动是影响流动特性的主要因素。同时对竖直管道中附加压降计算式进行实验验证,结果表明计算式能很好地预测附加压降的变化规律,可用于摇摆条件下管内附加压降的计算。     

摇摆运动下矩形窄通道内摩擦压降特性研究

以水为工质,进行了摇摆运动下矩形窄通道内单相与流动沸腾阻力实验,获得了摇摆运动下瞬态压降波动规律,并对摇摆运动影响压降波动的机理进行了分析。摇摆运动使摩擦压降产生周期性波动,单相流动时,随系统流量、工质温度的升高,摇摆对压降波动的影响越发减弱;流动沸腾时,摇摆运动通过改变系统空间位置使压降呈明显的周期性波动,其波动幅度随出口含气率、系统流量、摇摆周期和角度的增大而增大,随系统压力的增大而减小。     

摇摆条件下圆管通道内气-液两相压降特性研究

开展了摇摆条件下圆管通道内气-液两相压降特性实验研究,获得了摇摆条件下实验段内瞬时及时均压降。构建了摇摆条件下两相压降计算模型构建,与实验结果对比符合很好。根据实验数据和模型计算结果分析摇摆条件对两相压降特性的影响规律,发现摇摆条件下通道内瞬时总压降呈现周期性波动,但其时均值和静止时相比偏差不大。进一步分析发现,摇摆条件下摩擦压降基本不变,摇摆运动引入的附加压降可忽略不计,而摇摆条件下重位压降的周期性波动是总压降出现周期性波动的原因。     

摇摆条件对核动力装置凝汽器热阱瞬态流场特性影响研究

大幅摇摆运动引起核动力装置二回路系统凝汽器热阱内凝水流场与压力波动,严重时会引发凝水系统汽蚀并影响蒸汽发生器供水安全。采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法分析某海上浮动核电平台凝汽器热阱在3种横摇及纵摇工况下的瞬态流场与压力波动特性。研究结果表明:摇摆运动均导致凝汽器热阱内凝水压力呈周期性波动;波动周期与摇摆周期一致,波动幅值随摇摆周期的减小而迅速增加;小摇摆周期下,热阱底部凝水压力下降至凝水系统最低抗汽蚀设计压力之下,使凝水系统出现潜在汽蚀风险;摇摆运动引起热阱内凝水液位剧烈晃荡与凝水质点受力瞬态变化,是影响凝汽器热阱内瞬态热工水力特性的2个重要因素。     

摇摆条件下窄矩形通道内两相流动瞬态阻力特性研究

摇摆条件下的气液两相流动受摇摆引起的附加惯性力的影响,致使其摩擦阻力特性发生改变。本工作在摇摆周期为8、12、16 s和摇摆振幅为10°、15°、30°的条件下,对窄矩形通道（40 mm×1.6 mm）内空气-水两相流动的瞬态阻力特性进行了研究。结果表明：摇摆时瞬态摩阻系数的变化呈明显周期性;气相质量含气率越大,摩擦压降的波动幅度越大;摇摆周期越小,振幅越大,摩擦压降的波动幅度越大。给出1个用于计算摇摆条件下两相摩阻系数的关联式,92.5%的计算值的相对误差在±20%以内     

摇摆条件下海上浮动堆全厂断电事故分析

为研究海洋条件对海上浮动堆全厂断电事故后的事故进程及非能动安全系统运行特性的影响,通过建立海洋条件加速度场模型,基于RELAP5程序开发获得了适用于海上浮动堆的系统分析程序,并对程序进行了实验验证。利用所开发的程序通过建立双环路海上浮动堆及二次侧非能动余热排出系统的计算模型,开展了不同摇摆运动参数下海上浮动堆全厂断电事故的计算分析。计算结果表明,船体的横摇运动可加快全厂断电事故后浮动堆系统压力和温度的下降速度,堆芯余热能够被二次侧非能动余热排出系统有效导出;但横摇运动会造成事故后堆芯自然循环流量的显著降低,引起一回路系统和非能动余热排出系统中自然循环流量的大幅度振荡及周期性倒流。本文计算结果可为海上浮动堆非能动安全系统的设计提供参考。     

Research on operational characteristics of passive residual heat removal system under rolling motion

The operational characteristics of passive residual heat removal system under rolling motion were investigated experimentally. The passive residual heat removal system under rolling motion was simulated with the advanced RELAP5 code. The results are consistent with experiments. The relative discrepancy between calculating and experimental results is less than 10%. The modified condensation heat transfer model can also be used to calculate the condensation heat transfer coefficient with droplet carryover precisely. The fluctuation of condensate temperature and steam pressure is not noticeable. As the power becomes larger for the same rolling motion, the oscillation amplitude of condensate flow rate becomes larger. The effect of rolling motion upon heat transfer coefficient and flow resistance was investigated with experimental results. Rolling motion can increase the flow resistance in a great extent. The more serious the rolling is, the more the flow resistance is. Additional pressure drop does not effect on average flow velocity. The decreasing of average flow velocity is due to the decreasing average gravity pressure drop and the increasing of flow resistance. The contribution of gravity pressure drop on the decrement of average flow velocity is less than 20%. The other is due to the increasing flow resistance. In the present paper, the experimental results are listed first, and then the simulation results comparing with the experimental results are listed in the second part. At last, the effect of rolling motion is investigated theoretically.     

The influence of ocean conditions on thermal-hydraulic characteristics of a passive residual heat removal system

There are many differences between the flow and heat transfer characteristics of nuclear reactors under ocean and land-based conditions for the effects of ocean waves. In this paper, thermal hydraulic characteristics of a passive residual heat removal system (PRHRS) for an integrated pressurized water reactor (IPWR) in ocean environment were investigated theoretically. A series of reasonable theoretical models for a PRHRS in an IPWR were established. These models mainly include the core, once-through steam generator, nitrogen pressurizer, main coolant pump, flow and heat transfer and ocean motion models. The flow and heat transfer models are suitable for the core with plate-type fuel element and the once-through steam generator with annular channel, respectively. A transient analysis code in FORTRAN 90 format has been developed to analyze the thermal–hydraulic characteristics of the PRHRS under ocean conditions. The code was implemented to analyze the effects of different ocean motions on the transient thermal-hydraulic characteristics of PRHRS. It is found that the oscillating amplitudes and periods of the system parameters are determined by those of the ocean motions. The effect of rolling motion is more obvious than that of pitching motion when the amplitudes and periods of rolling and pitching motions are the same. The obtained analysis results are significant to the improvement design of the PRHRS and the safety operation of the IPWR.     

摇摆参数对自然循环下波谷型脉动的影响

针对摇摆条件下自然循环波谷型脉动进行研究,构建了计算波谷型脉动的模型并进行了分析,计算结果和实验值符合较好。分析结果表明:对于摇摆运动下的波谷型脉动,在其整体流动波动过程中起主导作用的是摇摆运动引起的附加压降,而在波谷附近,由于产汽的影响,局部摩擦压降和重位压降交替主导流动,并最终诱发波谷处的流动不稳定性;摇摆振幅和频率越大,即摇摆程度越剧烈时,摇摆附加压降波动越剧烈,流量、壁温等热工参数变化越剧烈,波谷型脉动起始点对应功率也越低。     

摇摆运动下单相自然循环流动特点

针对摇摆工况下单相自然循环流动的特点进行实验研究。实验结果表明,流体在摇摆作用下产生波动;波动频率与摇摆频率一致。理论分析表明,摇摆对自然循环的影响主要有两个方面,一方面摇摆引起回路空间位置的改变导致自然循环驱动压头发生变化;另一方面,摇摆引起的附加加速度使回路产生附加压降。通过建立简化模型,得出了摇摆周期、摇摆振幅和其他参数对单相自然循环流动影响的规律。     

Effects of rolling on laminar frictional resistance in tubes

The laminar velocity distribution in tubes in rolling motion is obtained by properly simplifying the laminar flow equations. The method of 7 and 8 for analyzing the effect of periodic pressure on laminar flow is partly adopted. The influence of initial velocity on the velocity in rolling motion fades away quickly, while the periodic pressure due to rolling motion controls the velocity variation gradually. The effects of several parameters on the velocity profile in the cross-section are investigated. The rolling radius and amplitude only affect the velocity in a specified proportion, and the velocity profile shape remains unchanged. The tube radius, rolling period and fluid viscosity not only affect the velocity peak, but also the profile shape. The tube radius and fluid viscosity could limit the effect of rolling motion on the flow. The laminar friction coefficient in rolling motion is also obtained. The laminar friction resistance and factor for two special cases are investigated.