基于图像多特征融合和支持向量机的气液两相流流型识别

The knowledge of flow regime is very important for quantifying the pressure drop, the stability and safety of two-phase flow systems. Based on image multi-feature fusion and support vector machine, a new method to identify flow regime in two-phase flow was presented. Firstly, gas-liquid two-phase flow images including bubbly flow, plug flow, slug flow, stratified flow, wavy flow, annular flow and mist flow were captured by digital high speed video systems in the horizontal tube. The image moment invariants and gray level co-occurrence matrix texture features were extracted using image processing techniques. To improve the performance of a multiple classifier system, the rough sets theory was used for reducing the inessential factors. Furthermore, the support vector machine was trained by using these eigenvectors to reduce the dimension as flow regime samples, and the flow regime intel-ligent identification was realized. The test results showed that image features which were reduced with the rough sets theory could excellently reflect the difference between seven typical flow regimes, and successful training the support vector machine could quickly and accurately identify seven typical flow regimes of gas-liquid two-phase flow in the horizontal tube. Image multi-feature fusion method provided a new way to identify the gas-liquid two-phase flow, and achieved higher identification ability than that of single characteristic. The overall identifica-tion accuracy was 100%, and an estimate of the image processing time was 8 ms for online flow regime identifica-tion.     

小流量高扬程离心漩涡泵气液混输的设计和试验研究

The design method of small-flow high-head centrifugal-vortex pump was presented. This pump, configured with inducer, complex-centrifugal impeller and open-vortex impeller, was put forward to deliver gas-liquid two-phase mixture. An HTB-5/60 type sample pump was developed and tested on a closed-loop test rig. Experimental studies on performance and cavitation tests for gas-liquid two-phase mixture were carried out compared with pure-water experimental results. Also the effect of gas phase on pump was analyzed and discussed. The experimental results show that performance and cavitation characteristics of the sample purnp deteriorates progressively with increasing volume fraction of gas. When the total capacity Qm is between 4.5 m^3·h^-1 and 6 m^3·h^-1 and the gas flow rate qg below 0.66 m^3·h^-1, or qg/Qm is lower than 15%, the characteristic curves are approximately parallel to those in pure water test, but the performance deteriorates sharply until an abrupt flow-cutting at a critical volume fraction of gas. This pump is found suitable for transporting gas-liquid two-phase mixture when working around rated capacity of 5 m^3·h^-1 with qglQm below 15%.     

规整填料内气液两相流动与传质的计算传质学模型

Detailed investigation of flow behavior in structured packing distillation columns is of great importance in accurate prediction of process efficiency and development of more efficient and optimal equipment internals. In this study, a three-dimensional two-phase flow model based on VOF method for simulating the hydrodynamics and mass-transfer behavior in a typical representative unit of the structured packing is developed. In the proposed model, the model is used for the closure of turbulent mass transfer equation. By solving the proposed model, the velocity distribution, phase fraction profile and concentration field are obtained. Using these data, the total liquid holdup, the wetted area and the separation efficiency [height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP)] are estimated. For testing the model validation, the simulated HETPs are compared with our previous experimental data obtained in a 150 mm-diameter column containing Mellapak 350Y operating at the pressures of 0.6-1.8 MPa. The compari-son shows that they are in satisfactory agreement, with an average absolute deviation (AAD) of 25.4%.     

气液两相流对板式换热器污垢特性的影响研究

通过对比实验研究了气液两相流对板式换热器污垢特性的影响。结果表明:板式换热器污垢热阻值随着含气量的增大而减小,含气量越多,扰动越强,其污垢热阻值越小。同时发现相同含气率条件下气泡尺寸越小,抑垢效果越好。     

气液两相流在文丘里管内的流动压降特性研究

本文选用数值模拟方法对文丘里管内气相与液相的混合流体的流动进行模拟。选取收缩管段的四个截面来分析文丘里管的压强变化情况,得到文丘里管内的气液两相混合流体的流场分布以及流量、气液比、收缩管长对压降的影响。     

气液两相流电导波动信号的混沌递归特性分析

通过对典型的Lorenz混沌方程和Logistic映射的考察,研究了相空间嵌入参数（嵌入维数、延迟时间和阈值）对递归分析结果的影响。研究结果表明：递归分析对嵌入维数与延迟时间的依赖性不强,嵌入维数与延迟时间变化只是改变递归率数值大小,而不改变递归结构性质;同样,阈值大小选择直接影响递归点数的多少,而不会改变递归结构性质。最后采用递归分析方法对垂直上升管中气液两相流流型进行了表征,研究结果表明,递归结构图可以较好地反映流型演化特征,且递归特征量随气相表观流速变化敏感,为气液两相流流型辨识提供了有用的特征挖掘量。     

气液两相分离的免方程多尺度模拟方法

提出了一种用于模拟气液两相分离过程的免方程多尺度方法, 该方法以格子Boltzmann(LB)模型作为介观仿真器, LB模型进行少量演化步后运用二阶伸缩式投影方法对介观仿真器演化得到的结果进行有效的外推处理, 能够快速准确地获取后续演化步的结果, 从而实现对气液两相分离过程的多尺度模拟研究。对气液分离过程中饱和密度曲线和模型产生的伪速度大小的对比分析表明所提出的多尺度模拟方法能够快速准确地反映气液两相分离过程的宏观特性, 证明了所提方法的准确性和高效性。     

固定化微生物反应器内气液两相流的CFD模拟与分析

利用CFD软件Fluent对固定化微生物反应器内曝气头不同安装高度下的气液两相流进行了三维数值模拟。采用两相流欧拉-欧拉模型和液相Standard-ε湍流模型,模拟获得了x、z截面处的液速分布图,并分析比较了4种方案下反应器内的液相速度和气液两相混合程度。结果表明:曝气头安装高度450mm、微生物柱安装高度370mm为最佳安装高度。     

通气式中心龙卷流搅拌槽内气-液两相流的混合特性

运用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法对单通管桨搅拌槽和双通管搅拌槽内部流场进行数值模拟,考察了流体在在单通管和双通管搅拌槽内宏观流动场的效果。研究发现,流体在双通管内部流场流动效果好。在此基础上可以看出,通气式搅拌槽开两个孔比开一个孔效果好．这对搅拌槽的优化设计和_丁业放大效应有一定的实际意义。     

气液两相鼓泡塔流区及其过渡的混沌分析

应用确定性混饨分析技术,以气液两相鼓泡塔内的压力波动时间序列为分析对象,系统研究了鼓泡塔系统的混饨特性．结果表明,鼓泡塔内气液两相流动系统为混饨动力学系统,混饨特征参数最大Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ指数、Ｋｏｌｍｏｇｏｒｏｖ熵和关联维数Ｄ２等可以有效地表征鼓泡塔的流区及其过渡．混沌分析为定量判别鼓泡塔的流区及其过渡提供了新途径．操作条件对鼓泡塔内气液两相流动的混沌特性影响显著,表现为混沌特征参数值随表观气速增加而增加,随表观液速增加而减小,但是,混沌特性随空间位置的变化不显著．     

垂直上升管内有水平柱体时气液两相局部流型转变的研究

1 INTRODUCTION Gas-liquid two-phase cross flow and heat transfer exists in oil production and chemical facilities. With the rapid development of the technology of modern industry, the gas-liquid two-phase flow across a rod and heat transfer characteristics are studied more ex- tensively, and its thorough understanding is of great importance to the design and operation of processing equipment. Flow pattern and its transition are important in the study of multiphase flow. Because of the com…     

COMSOL Multiphysics有限元软件数值模拟气液两相流的可行性研究

在多相流实验管路系统中,设计向上30°倾斜管道中气液两相流的实验方案和流程,进行气液两相流流型实验研究,并绘制气液两相流流型图。再利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件,对向上30°倾斜管中气液两相流中不同时刻的体积分数进行数值模拟研究,验证COMSOL Multiphysics应用于气液两相流的可行性。结果表明采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件数值模拟向上倾斜管道中气液两相流流型的分析结果与室内实验法结果基本一致,可信程度较高,可作为分析气液两相流流型的主要方法之一。     

Flow Regime Identification of Gas-liquid Two-phase Flow Based on HHT

A new method to identify flow regime in two-phase flow was presented, based on signal processing of differential pressure using Hilbert Huang transform （HHT）. Signals obtained from a Venturi meter were decomposed into different intrinsic mode functions （IMFs） with HHT, then the energy fraction of each intrinsic mode and the mean value of residual function were calculated, from which the rules of flow regime identification were summarized. Experiments were carried out on two-phase flow in the horizontal tubes with 50mm and 40mm inner diameter, while water flowrate was in the range of 1.3m^3.h^-1 to 10.5m^3.h^-1, oil flowrate was from 4.2m^3.h^-1 to 7.0m^3.h^-1 and gas flowrate from 0 to 15m^3.h^-1. The results show that the proposed rules have high precision for single phase, bubbly, and slug, plug flow regirne identification, which are independent of not only properties of two-phase fluid. In addition, the method can meet the need of industrial application because of its simple calculation.     

水平气液两相流流型图像信息递归特征分析

采用高速摄像机在气液两相流实验台上拍摄各种典型流型的流动时频,将单帧图像提取信息熵组成时间序列。对信息熵时间序列进行WVD分析,对气液两相流几种典型流型以及过渡流型的演化轨迹进行解析。同时对序列进行了近年来较少用到的非线性混沌递归图分析（RP）,将其分析结果同WVD的分析结果进行对比,在对流型演化轨迹提出新的见解外也对WVD的分析结果进行验证。在分析后将100组不同流型的信息熵序列进行平均值计算,列出随气体体积流量增大的变化趋势图,进一步对流型信息熵与气流量的关系进行说明。最后讨论了气液两相流容积含气率与信息熵的关系。结果表明：流动图像的信息熵序列结合WVD与RP可以对气液两相流型演化轨迹进行很好表征。同时流型图像的信息熵能够对气液两相流各种流型的容积含气率进行表征,是一种有效的流型图像特征参数。     

槽式孔板气液二相流差压信号的时间序列分析

槽式孔板是一种新型的气液二相流流量传感器,为了研究其二相流测量特性,提出了一种新的信号处理方法。首先应用小波变换模极大值滤波方法对差压测量信号去噪,然后对滤波结果进行经验模式分解得到有限个经验模式函数(IMF),进而对IMF建立自回归(AR)模型,研究了AR模型的参数与气液二相流流型以及分相流量之间的关系。这种信号处理方法能够使具有非平稳特性的差压信号满足时间序列分析的建模条件,AR模型的参数可以有效地区分气液二相流流型,并与气液分相流量的变化密切相关,为气液二相流流型识别和流量计量算法的研究奠定了基础。     

湿天然气在上倾管道的气液两相流动特性研究

利用VOF (Volume of Fluid)模型模拟了湿天然气在上倾管道的气液两相流动特性。讨论了管道内气体入口流速对气液两相流动特性的影响。结果表明,当管道内气体入口流速较低时,由于气液界面的切应力小于液相在上倾段的重力分力,因此气体无法将液体携带至管道上倾段。随着气速的增加,气液界面的切应力逐渐增大,气液界面开始出现波纹,气体逐渐将液体携带并完全平铺于管道上倾段。     

喷射器内气-液两相流流型及其转换特性的研究

利用平面激光诱导荧光(Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence,PLIF)技术,分析上喷式喷射器内气液两相流的流型及流型转换的特性.结果表明,在喷射器内气液两相首先形成喷射流,随着两相相互作用和动量传递,射流瓦解,气液两相随着气液比的不断增大分别形成泡状流、雾状流和块状流.根据实验结果绘制了喷射器上部射流瓦解后的气液两相流流型图.通过分析流型影响因素和流体力学特点,提出了流型转换的无因次关系式,并确定了各流型转换的具体表达式.     

顶底复吹转炉内气液两相流行为的数值模拟

利用可压缩模型描述了四孔喷头顶吹超音速射流行为,并与前人实测结果对比验证了模拟结果. 通过耦合VOF和Lagrange模型对纯顶吹、顶底复吹炼转炉内熔池运动进行描述,并对炉底喷嘴数量、布置进行优化. 结果表明,在纯顶吹条件下,熔池的混均时间为523 s,炉底区域钢液流动微弱. 加入底吹氩气后,底部钢液速度增大,熔池混均时间为99 s. 炉底采用3个喷嘴的熔池混合效率要好于2个或4个的情况. 底吹喷嘴距离炉底轴心在0.3D~0.4D区间内最佳,且应偏近于0.4D区域.     

铜锍转炉中气液两相流动的数值模拟

采用流体体积方法对铜锍转炉熔池内造铜期吹炼过程中气液两相流动进行单喷嘴数值模拟,研究了气体喷入熔体时的喷流运动现象和性质、气流穿透距离、风口压力变化、风口侧壁面剪切应力分布和气含率分布规律. 结果表明,气泡连续产生和分离是风口处气体的运动形式,气流穿透距离约为风口内径的3.6倍,风口处脉冲压力的形成周期为0.2 s,持续时间约为0.04 s;风口侧壁面剪切应力较大的区域集中在风口附近及其上方壁面;风口以上气含率随熔体高度增加而增加,在靠近自由液面处约为21%,部分模拟结果与文献报道和实际生产情况吻合.