Tm：YAG和Ho：YAG单晶光纤的光谱及Cr~（3＋）的敏化作用

测量了Ｔｍ３＋和Ｈｏ３＋离子的吸收谱以及Ｃｒ３＋离子在ＹＡＧ单晶光纤中的Ｒ荧光线的寿命．用Ｄｅｘｔｅｒ理论讨论了Ｃｒ３＋离子的能量转移效率。结果表明Ｃｒ３＋→Ｔｍ３＋的能量转移效率比Ｃｒ３＋→Ｈｏ３＋的大．     

氟化物玻璃Yb~(3+)敏化稀土离子的上转换发光

研究了氟化物玻璃中 Ｙｂ３ ＋ 敏化 Ｐｒ３ ＋ 、 Ｔｍ ３ ＋ 、 Ｅｒ３ ＋ 或 Ｈｏ３ ＋ 产生的上转换发光． 在波长为８８０ｎｍ光的激发下, Ｙｂ３ ＋ 敏化 Ｐｒ３ ＋ 产生波长为４８２ ,５２０ ,５２９ ,６０５ 和６３５ｎｍ 的荧光． 用波长为９７０ｎｍ 的光激发,在 Ｙｂ３ ＋ 敏化作用下, Ｔｍ３ ＋ 产生波长为４７８ , ６４９ 和７９３ｎｍ 的上转换发光; Ｅｒ３ ＋ 产生波长为５４７ 和５２５ｎｍ 的绿光; Ｈｏ３ ＋ 产生５４３ｎｍ 的绿光     

上转换氟化物光纤激光器

氟化物玻璃是一种性能优异的激光基质材料。本文介绍了稀土离子上转换发光的机理和光纤顺的基本结构，综述了近几年来对掺Ｔｍ＾３＋、Ｐｒ＾３＋、Ｅｒ＾３＋、Ｈｏ＾３＋和Ｎｄ＾３＋的上转换氟化物光纤激光器的研究和应用概况。     

氟化物玻璃中Yb^3＋敏化稀土离子的上转换发光

研究了氟化物玻璃中Ｙｂ＾３＋敏化Ｐｒ＾３＋、Ｔｍ＾３＋、Ｅｒ＾３＋和Ｈｏ＾３＋产生的上转换发光,在波长为８８０ｎｍ光的激发下,Ｙｂ＾３＋敏化Ｐｒ＾３＋产生波长为４８２,５２０,５２９,６０５和６３５ｎｍ的荧光。     

新型非线性光学晶体 Ca4RO(BO3)3的研究进展

作为新型非线性光学材料,钙－稀土硼酸盐晶体Ｃａ４ＲＯ（ＢＯ３）３（Ｒ－Ｌａ３＋、Ｎｄ３＋、Ｓｍ３＋Ｇｄ３＋Ｙ３＋Ｅｒ３＋、Ｔｂ３＋、Ｌｕ３ ）近来引起了广泛的重视．该系列晶体属非中心对称的单斜晶系,空间群Ｃｍ．本文综述了上述晶体的结构和生长研究的进展。总结了晶体的线性光学／非线性光学性能以及掺杂晶体的激光自倍频性能,指出这些晶体在非线性光学领域潜在的应用前景．     

掺杂离子在LHPG单晶光纤中的分布

用电子能量色散谱（ＥＤＳ）分析了Ｎｄ＾３＾＋，Ｅｒ＾３＾＋和Ｃｒ＾３＾＋等掺杂离子在ＹＡＧ单晶光纤中的分布，实验发现：掺杂离子的分凝系数不同，其分布规律也不同，根据晶体的溶液生长理论，导出了掺杂离子分布方程，它与实验结果相符较好。     

新型非线性光学晶体Ca4RO(BO3)3的研究进展

作为新型非线性光学材料,钙－稀土硼酸盐晶体Ｃａ４ＲＯ（ＢＯ３）３（Ｒ－Ｌａ＾３＋、Ｎｄ＾３＋、Ｓｍ＾３＋、Ｇｄ＾３＋、Ｙ＾３＋、Ｅｒ＾３＋、Ｔｂ＾３＋、Ｌｕ＾３＋）近来引起了广泛的重视,该系列晶体属非中心对称的单斜晶系,空间群Ｃｍ。本文综术字上述晶体的结构和生长研究的进展,总结了晶体的线性光学／非线性光学性能以及要晶体的激光自倍频性能,指出这些晶体在非线性光学领域潜在的应用前景。     

不同稀土元素掺杂对钛酸钡陶瓷导电性的影响

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备了１４种稀土掺杂的ＢａＴｉＯ３超细粉体（ＲＥ＝Ｙ，Ｌａ，Ｃｅ，Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｅｕ，Ｇｄ，Ｔｂ，Ｄｙ，Ｈｏ，Ｅｒ，Ｙｂ，Ｌｕ），用一般陶瓷工艺将这些超细粉体分别烧成了１４种稀土掺杂的ＢａＴｉＯ３陶瓷，测得了这些陶瓷体的电阻率并对Ｅｕ和Ｙｂ掺杂的ＢａＴｉＯ３陶瓷成绝缘体的原因进行了初步讨论。     

激光晶体YAG中E_r~（3＋）离子最佳掺杂浓度

测试了２ａｔ．％Ｅｒ：ＹＡＧ晶体的吸收谱，荧光谱，４Ｉ１１／２、４Ｉ１３／２态荧光衰减曲线．由荧光衰减曲线拟合得到荧光寿命τ０和描述离子间的相互作用微参量ＣＤＡ，并将其代入作者推导得到的最佳掺杂浓度的近似式，计算出Ｅｒ３＋离子在ＹＡＧ晶体中的最佳掺杂浓度，并与实验结果进行了比较     

稀土氧化物掺杂Li2SiO3离子导体材料的制备与电导性能

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备了稀土氧化物ＲＥ２Ｏ３（ＲＥ＝Ｄｙ,Ｈｏ,Ｅｒ,Ｙ）掺杂的Ｌｉ２ＳｉＯ３离子导体材料,并用ＤＴＡ、ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ及交流阻抗仪等技术对样品的结构、形貌、粒径及离子导电性等进行了观察和测试。结果发现,０．１ＲＥ２Ｏ３的掺入可提高Ｌｉ２ＳｉＯ３的离子导电性。     

稀土离子掺杂改性TiO2光催化剂

TiO2较宽的禁带宽度和低的量子转换效率限制了其实际的应用,对TiO2进行改性以克服上述两方面问题一直是光催化领域研究的重点。稀土元素因其独有的电子结构和光学性质,在离子掺杂改性TiO2研究中受到重点关注。主要介绍了稀土离子掺杂改性TiO2所形成杂质能级的位置对改善其光催化性能的作用机理;综述了稀土离子掺杂对TiO2的晶型、晶粒尺寸和光谱吸收的影响;最后提出了目前研究存在的问题及发展趋势。     

Role of rare earth oxide coatings on oxidation resistance of chromia-forming alloys

Rare earths (RE) have been used to increase high temperature oxidation resistance of chromia and alumina forming alloys. The RE can be added as elements (or oxides) to the alloys or applied as oxide coatings to the alloy surface. This paper presents the effect of different RE oxide coatings and lanthanum chromite coatings on the high temperature oxidation behavior of Fe20Cr and Fe20Cr4Al alloys. The oxidation resistance of the Fe20Cr alloy increased with increase in ionic radius of the RE element in the coating. The RE oxides decreased chromia growth rate more than alumina growth rate. In extended cyclic oxidation tests that were carried out from peak temperatures of 900 °C, 1,000 °C and 1,100 °C to room temperature at cooling rates of 300 °C/s and 1,000 °C/s, the La₂O₃ coating increased cyclic oxidation resistance of the Fe20Cr alloy significantly more than the Pr₂O₃ coating. The role of RE in increasing overall oxidation resistance of chromia forming alloys is discussed.     

Energy transfers in the potential laser materials LMA:Ce,Nd and LMA:Cr,Ce, Nd (LMA = LaMgAl11O19)

Single crystals of LaMgAl₁₁O₁₉ (LMA) coactivated with Ce³⁺, Nd³⁺ or Ce³⁺, Cr³⁺, Nd³⁺, have been grown by the Verneuil (flame-fusion) method. In LMA:Ce, Nd the Ce → Nd energy transfer occurs both radiatively and non-radiatively. The efficiency of the non-radiative Ce → Nd transfer reaches ∼47%, as deduced from Ce³⁺ fluorescence lifetime measurements. In LMA:Ce, Cr, Nd, besides the Ce → Nd energy transfer, Ce → Cr and Cr → Nd transfers occur. The Ce → Cr energy transfer is highly efficient. This results from the good resonance between Ce emission and Cr absorption, and also from the short Ce-Cr distance compared to the longer Ce-Nd one.     

Bi/Tm共掺TiO2-BaO-SiO2-Ga2O3玻璃光谱特性与能量转换机理研究

用高温熔融法制备了Bi、Tm、Bi/Tm掺杂TiO₂-BaO-SiO₂-Ga₂O₃玻璃系统。在808 nm激光激发下, 与Tm单掺杂玻璃相比, Bi/Tm共掺玻璃中Tm³⁺的³H₄→³F₄跃迁荧光(~1485 nm)得到了显著的增强, 而Tm³⁺的³F₄→³H₆跃迁荧光(~1810 nm)减弱。在980 nm激光激发下, Tm单掺玻璃中没有观察到Tm离子的特征发光, 而在Bi/Tm共掺玻璃中观察到Tm³⁺的³F₄→³H₆跃迁荧光(~1810 nm)。这是由于在808和980 nm激光二极管(LD)各自激发下, Bi/Tm共掺玻璃中活性Bi离子的近红外发光能量传递给Tm³⁺, 分别产生³F₄→³H₄与³H₆→³H₅跃迁所致。采用Inokuti-Hirayama模型, 分析了该玻璃体系中Bi→Tm的能量传递机理。结果表明, Bi→Tm的能量传递属于电偶极–偶极相互作用。     

(Cr,Tm,Ho):YAG晶体中Tm~(3+)离子的中介能量转移作用

测定了晶体的吸收谱，荧光谱和荧光寿命，用Taylor和Dexter理论计算了Cr3+－Ho3+,Cr3+－Tm3+和Tm3_－Ho3+离子间能量转移效率和转移几率．讨论了（Cr，Tm．Ho）：YAG晶体中Tm3+的能量转移中介作用．     

Modifying high Cr–Mn cast iron with boron and rare earth–Si alloy

Abstract

By modifying 13Cr–4Mn (wt-%) white cast iron with boron and rare earth (RE)–Si complex, the carbide morphology of the iron can be changed from interconnected, coarse clusters of rods into a parallel distribution of isolated, fine rods, and the impact toughness of the iron can reach 6–7 × 10⁴ J m^?2. In a pin wear test, the relative abrasion resistance of the iron is 1·01 and in a repeated impact abrasive wear test it is 0·95, in comparison with 15Cr–3Mo cast iron. Thus, it is stated that modifying high Cr–Mn cast iron with boron and RE–Si complex is very cost effective, and has almost the same abrasion resistance, when compared with 15Cr–3Mo cast iron.

MST/957     

稀土对Al-Ti-B合金中Al3Ti颗粒形貌的影响

在工业Al-5Ti-1B中间合金的重熔稀释过程中添加稀土元素,采用光学显微镜观察了Al3 Ti相的分布和形貌,并用能谱仪进行了微区线扫描成分分析.结果表明,在900℃时加入稀土可明显改善Al3Ti相的形貌,并改善Al3Ti颗粒在金属基体上的分布,在850℃时加入稀土会产生少量的针状Al3Ti相,而在950℃时加入稀土,Al3Ti相则全部为针状;同时,通过线扫描分析发现,稀土元素包覆在Al3Ti周围,阻止了Al3Ti相的长大,细化了Al3Ti的尺寸.     

变质处理对ZG85Cr12MoNi组织和性能的影响

ＺＧ８５Ｃｒ１２ＭｏＮｉ是一种耐磨性能优良的合金钢，但其组织中共晶碳化物量较多，脆性较大，应用于承受冲击的工况下易发生断裂，为提高其抗断裂能力，研究了钾、钠、稀土和钛复合变质处理对其组织和性能的影响。结果表明，ＺＧ８５Ｃｒ１２ＭｏＮｉ经钾、钠、稀土和钛复合变质处理后，组织细化，共晶碳化物由条块状变成团球状且分布均匀，冲击韧性和断裂韧性大幅度提高，热疲劳性能也明显改善；作轧机导卫板用使用安全，寿命比高铬铸铁和高镍铬合金分别提高３００％和３５．６％。     

Literature review on renewable energy development and China’s roadmap

The low carbon energy transition has attracted worldwide attention to mitigate climate change. Renewable energy (RE) is the key to this transition, with significant developments to date, especially in China. This study systematically reviews the literature on RE development to identify a general context from many studies. The goal is to clarify key questions related to RE development from the current academic community. We first identify the forces driving RE development. Thereafter, we analyze methods for modeling RE developments considering the systematic and multiple complexity characteristics of RE. The study concludes with insights into the target selection and RE development roadmap in China.