Goodbye, CRT

With many developed countries going fully digital in the near future, the entire television landscape is expected to change dramatically in the next few years. Plasma and LCDs as well as several new technologies including the surface-conduction electron-emitter display (SED) are vying to replace the 100-year old CRT. After examining the advantages and disadvantages each of these new options, the paper predicts that LCD televisions will dominate by 2010     

Black, white and readable [nanochromics display]

The Irish company, Ntera Ltd., has developed an alternative to the LCD display. Called NanoChromics display (NCD), it features a stark, razor sharpness, with nearly black images on almost luminous, paper-white background. Text is easy to read in most lighting conditions, with a contrast ratio of 6:1 and a brightness of at least four times that of an LCD. NCD is also power-thrifty because its high contrast ratio eliminates the need for any kind of separate lighting systems and they do not need to be constantly refreshed unlike LCDs. In addition, NCDs can be manufactured on almost the entirely the same equipment used to manufacture LCDs. Hence, manufacturing cost of both display technologies are almost equal.     

无阈值铁电液晶

简要介绍铁电、反铁电液晶的发现、发展、显示应用中遇到的问题以及近来发展起来的无阈值铁电液晶的研究结果,最后讨论无阈值铁电液晶应用前景。     

STN 2CD 显示驱动技术

液晶显示器件以优异的特性在显示技术中异军突起,具有良好的发展前景。本文介绍了LCD主流产品之一STN－LCD的显示原理,在此基础上讨论了STN－LCD的显示驱动方法和发展情况。     

嵌入式控制系统LCD驱动问题研究

文章讨论液晶（LCD）显示驱动问题。液晶显示模块一般由控制器、驱动器和显示屏组成,不同型号的显示模块只要使用同一型号的控制器,驱动程序基本相同。液晶显示控制器根据结构可分为TN、STN和TFT几种,根据功能则有字符型和点阵型之分。字符型LCD只能显示西文字符和笔划较少的汉字,功能较少,价格低廉,编程容易;点阵型LCD功能强大,可以显示较复杂的汉字和各种曲线。虽然LCD产品型号繁多,功能各异,但其驱动程序还是有规律可循。本文就液晶显示驱动规律谈自己的工作体会,供同行参考。     

Revolution of the TFT LCD Technology

The introduction of flat panel displays that are fabricated with thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal displays (TFT LCDs) has changed human's lifestyle very significantly. Traditionally, the revolution of the TFT LCD technology has been presented by the timeline of product introduction. Namely, it first started with audio/video (AV) and notebook applications in the early 1990s, and then began to replace cathode-ray tubes (CRTs) for monitor and TV applications. Certainly, TFT LCDs will continue to expand in all areas of our daily life in the future. Here a new concept of the revolution of the TFT LCD technology is presented for the major TFT LCD makers. In this new concept, there are four waves of technology revolution with the following themes, respectively: 1) product introduction; 2) performance enrichment; 3) power and material utilization; and 4) functions for human interface. The role of the LCD-TV in the revolution is also discussed.     

CRT与LCD技术的视觉刺激显示性能评价

为了定量评价两种技术在视觉研究实验中的适用性,本文根据文献分析和视觉研究需求设计了显示器性能测试系统与测试流程,对一台阴极射线管(CRT)显示器和两台通用液晶显示器作为视觉刺激显示设备的关键性能进行测试。结合心理物理学理论,特别是韦伯定律,详细地分析和比较了各项测试结果。实验结果显示所有的显示器有不同的Gamma特性,需要进行相应的Gamma校正之后才能线性呈现图像的灰度级;CRT显示器在响应时间上具有绝对优势,但屏幕空间均匀性和独立性较差;相比于CRT显示器,LCD显示器具有较高的亮度和较好的空间均匀性和独立性,但是响应时间偏慢,而且相邻两帧图像之间独立性较差。这些测试结果表明,CRT显示器仍然是高动态特性视觉刺激显示的首选,而LCD显示器可以用于呈现对空间亮度一致性和空间的独立性要求高,但对响应速度要求不高的视觉刺激。     

Flat panel displays for portable systems

Flat panel display technologies for portable and personal information systems are reviewed. The display sub-system performance requirements, and the metrics for evaluating display technologies for portable systems are discussed. The current display technology choices for high performance portable systems are active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) and field emitter display (FED). AMLCD is at the forefront at an advanced state of development, and it is already in mass production for notebook computer applications. Because of the huge market size, AMLCD technology continues to be developed at an aggressive pace to address the needs of the future portable systems. On the other hand, FED technology is not currently in mass production, but it is being developed at rapid pace; Impressive technology capabilities and demonstration displays have already been shown. This review focuses on the current status and future development trends in both the these display technologies for application to portable systems. The current status of the reflective LCDs and their future development trends are also reviewed.     

STN—LCD中双折射着色现象的消除—白模式显示

在液晶显示领域中一项重要的进展是 STN-LCD 的开发,用简单矩阵驱动可实现大信息容量。但是 STN-LCD 利用液晶材料的双折射效应,产生显示着色问题,使显示对比度下降。为获得较好的显示质量必须设法消除这种固有着色现象。本文主要讨论用光学补偿法消除着色的原理,并着重介绍用单向延伸的聚合物制成的相位延迟膜的光学特性,将其应用于 STN-LCD,可获得良好的黑白显示。在此基础上与微型彩色滤色器结合可获得多色显示。     

Filter banks for improved LCD motion

In the past several years much attention has been placed on improving the motion picture quality of liquid crystal displays (LCDs). One pervasive problem is motion blur which occurs due to the inherent sample-and-hold nature of LCD image formation. In this work, we take a signal processing approach to motion blur reduction by pre-processing the data before it is sent to the display. We develop a two-channel non-perfect reconstruction filter bank that is able to reduce the amount of perceivable motion blur. In addition, as in similar works, we discriminate between different regions of the scene and weight the application of the algorithm based on their susceptibility to motion blur. Perceptual tests indicate that our algorithm reduces the amount of perceivable motion blur on LCDs.     

Assessment of Mobile Technologies for Displaying Medical Images

We compared the characteristics of state-of-the-art mobile display systems based on reflective and transmissive liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and an organic light-emitting display with respect to physical characterization metrics and observer studies. Physical performance factors provided information on the differences among display technologies. Observer studies resulted in different system ranking between the task-based performance and user-preference approaches. The results of the physical characterization and preference study showed that the reflective LCD ranked lower. We also found that ambient illumination played a lesser role than previously seen in large-format workstation displays. The methodology developed in this study provides an initial insight into the comparison of alternative technologies for display of diagnostic images in small portable devices.      

Transflective liquid crystal displays

In this review paper, a detailed overview of the transflective liquid crystal display (LCD) technology is presented. We first introduce the transflector classifications based on their composition and properties. Then, in reviewing the development history, we investigate the mainstream transflective LCDs, including their operating principles, advantages, and disadvantages. Finally, the image quality issues of transflective LCDs, such as color balance, image brightness, and viewing angle, are discussed.     

Flat-panel displays displace large, heavy, power-hungry CRTs

Personal computers, cars, and aircraft are major growing markets for liquid-crystal, electroluminescent, plasma, and vacuum fluorescent displays. However, the displays themselves are limited by technology. It is difficult to make them large enough, with high enough resolution, and with as many shades of color and gray as desired over a wide enough environmental operating range at a cost supportable in the marketplace. The status and future direction of display technologies are examined. The struggle to lower liquid-crystal display (LCD) cost and the promise of LCD projection systems are discussed     

液晶科学技术的回顾与展望

液晶显示器(LCD)是平板显示器中的重要一员。本文回顾了液晶物理学的两次发展高潮,对当前LCD的技术发展动向作了介绍。最后简要介绍了未来LCD发展趋势如高分辨率LCD技术、柔性LCD技术以及3D显示技术。     

LCD背光源产品的新发展

目前，多数LCD器件都配备了背光源，在这些器件中，背光源对显示画面的亮度，对比度，发光均匀性等许多重要的性能都有影响，因而不断地改进LCD背光源，并研制新型LCD背光源是开发LCD技术的一个重要的组合部分。鉴此，对LCD背光源产品的新发展作了介绍。     

S3C6410（ARM11）嵌入式控制系统液晶显示驱动问题研究

嵌入式控制系统的设计,首先要进行人机界面设计,这就涉及到在LCD上显示汉字、英文字符和各种曲线的问题,在Linux嵌入式控制系统设计中也是如此。我们知道,无论是高级语言支持的各种显示器,还是嵌入式系统常用的LCD,它们的分辨率都是以像素为单位,一个像素就是LCD屏上的一个可以显示的最小单位,也就是常说的＂点＂。因此,要在LCD屏上显示一个汉字或图形就必须将汉字或图形用＂点＂来表示。在嵌入式控制系统人机界面设计中,采用＂打点＂方法来显示汉字、英文字符和各种曲线,是直接对显示内存进行操作,从而使显示速度最快、技术最先进。文章介绍作者在进行＂嵌入式肿瘤光子热疗系统＂项目的人机界面设计时,不用QT,绕过繁琐的FrameBuffer结构,直接采用＂打点＂的方法显示汉字、英文字符和各种曲线,＂打点＂方法可以适用各种平台的嵌入式控制系统人机界面设计。     

Look, no glasses [3D display system]

Three-dimensional display systems generally require the user to wear special glasses. The author describes a research programme-aimed at providing a high-quality spectacle-free look into the third dimension. It is based on the Twin-LCD display concept developed by the Imaging Technology Department at Sharp Laboratories of Europe. The author describes how the Twin-LCD system works. It is based on two thin-film transistor (TFT) LCDs whose images are superimposed by a half-mirrored beam-combiner. The input optical arrangement creates two laterally displaced images at the nominal observer position. If an observer places an eye in a window, then an image from one of the LCDs can be seen. Each LCD panel displays one of the stereo pair images and so the observer sees the 3D image without the need for any special glasses     

The dawn of organic electronics

Organic semiconductors are poised to transform the world of circuit and display technology. Major electronics firms such as Philips and Pioneer, and smaller companies such as Cambridge Display Technology, Universal Display, and Uniax, are betting that the future holds tremendous opportunity for the low cost and sometimes surprisingly high performance offered by organic electronic and optoelectronic devices. Using organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), organic full-color displays may eventually replace liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) for use with laptop and even desktop computers. Such displays can be deposited on flexible plastic foils, eliminating the fragile and heavy glass substrates used in LCDs, and can emit bright light without the pronounced directionality inherent in LCD viewing, all with efficiencies higher than can be obtained with incandescent light bulbs     

平板显示技术的发展

介绍了平板显示发展动态,重点介绍液晶显示发展动态。TFT－LCD发展速度符合西村－北原规则,其规则指出TFT－LCD增长速度为3年增长4倍,其数值是玻璃基板尺寸增长速度为1.8倍／3年,屏幕尺寸增长速度为1.44倍／3年,分辨率增长速度为2.5倍／3年及灰度增长速度为1.7倍／3年等相乘而得的。该结果表明TFT－LCD增长速度相当于遵守摩尔规则的微电子发展速度。     

Dynamic Pixel Models for a‐Si TFT‐LCD and Their Implementation in SPICE

A dynamic analysis of an amorphous silicon (a‐Si) thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT‐LCD) pixel is presented using new a‐Si TFT and liquid crystal (LC) capacitance models for a Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) simulator. This dynamic analysis will be useful when predicting the performance of LCDs. The a‐Si TFT model is developed to accurately estimate a‐Si TFT characteristics of a bias‐dependent gate to source and gate to drain capacitance. Moreover, the LC capacitance model is developed using a simplified diode circuit model. It is possible to accurately predict TFT‐LCD characteristics such as flicker phenomena when implementing the proposed simulation model.