ScMn2合金贮氢（氘）性能

利用XRD研究了ScMn2合金及其氢(氘)化物的晶体结构;利用Sieverts装置测量了合金的吸氢活化性能、P-C-T曲线及吸氢动力学曲线;利用热重-差热分析仪(TG-DSC)研究了ScMn2H3.6钝化后的放氢动力学.结果表明,ScMn2的氢(氘)化物保持了母合金C14型Laves相结构,吸氢造成的晶胞体积膨胀约为25%;ScMn2在室温常压下能与H(D)迅速发生反应,具有优异的活化性能;100 kPa.,298 K时,1 mol ScMn2合金的贮氢量和贮氘量分别约为3.7和3.6 mol;ScMn2具有较低的吸、放氢滞后临界温度,优异的平台特征以及较低的平台压,适于H及其同位素贮存.与室温平台压对应的合金氢化物的△H和△S分别为-45 kJ/mol和80 J/(K·m01);ScMn2在113 kPa初始H2(D2)压强下吸氢(氘)动力学可用JMA模型描述,反应级数为0.4,吸氢和吸氘的表观活化能分别为(16士0.3)和(19土1.7)kJ/mol,此活化能的差异使ScMn2有可能用于H同位素分离;钝化后的合金氢化物在639 K时能完全放氢,放氢的表观活化能为(144±14)kJ/moI.     

掺Pd改性纳米晶Mg2Ni吸放氢氘特性研究

采用机械合金化法制备了Mg2Ni-1．0％Pd（质量分数，下同）合金粉末，用XRD及AFM等分析表征了球磨20h后粉末的相结构和微观形貌，测定了Mg2Ni-1．0％Pd合金吸放氢氘的P-C-T曲线和动力学曲线。结果表明，机械合金化制备的Mg2Ni-1．0％Pd合金粉末粒度在10nm～50nm之间；同熔炼法制备的Mg2Ni合金相比，纳米Mg2Ni-1．0%Pd合金吸氢时的焓变值减小，放氢时焓变值增大，可逆贮氢容量为1．06（H／M,原子比，下同）；与吸放氢相比，在相同温度下合金吸放氘的坪台压升高，焓变值减小，具有显著的同位素效应。纳米Mg2Ni-1．0％Pd合金的吸氢速率和吸氘速率与温度的关系在573K附近发生变化。     

ZrCo合金储放氢同位素研究

研究了ZrCo合金吸收、释放和分离氢同位素的性能,相同温度下,合金吸氘量小于吸氢量,吸放氘平台压力明显高于吸放氢平台压力,说明合金具有良好的同位素效应.对合金吸氢/氘活化动力学曲线的研究表明,合金在首次吸氢/氘过程中表现出明显的同位素效应,但是随着合金的充分活化,这种同位素效应几乎消失.根据ZrCo合金吸放氢的同位素效...     

Zr0.9Ti0.1V2合金循环吸放氢稳定性

研究了Zr0.9Ti0.1V2合金的循环吸放氢性能。合金在吸氢P-C-T曲线的特征区域内具有良好的循环吸氢稳定性,在P-C-T曲线的吸氢平台区（H/A为0.5左右）、吸氢形成氢化物初始阶段（H/A为1~1.2）、吸氢形成氢化物中间阶段（H/A为1.4左右）吸放氢循环测试中,每组循环内合金的吸氢量差别非常小,循环吸氢稳定性很好。经过70次吸氢循环后,合金的吸氢量可以恢复到1.957 (H/A),合金的粉碎程度很低,表明合金具有良好的循环吸氢能力     

形态对钯-氢体系热力学性质的影响

基于实验测定海绵Pd颗粒在278K-323K范围内吸放H2，D2的P-C-T曲线．结合文献给出的其它形态的Pd吸放氢结果进行系统比较分析．探讨了形态对钯-氢体系热力学性质的宏观影响和微观本质。在室温附近，氢的饱和固溶度与坪压随Pd的粒度减小而增加；Pd的形态或粒度对氢的饱和固溶度和吸氧坪压的影响程度刚随温度升高而减小，而且坪压之间的差别在温度较高时不再明显甚至消失。吸氘坪压差别大，解吸坪压差别小。Pd—H体系中α→β的相变热焓、热熵（绝计值)随粒度减小而减小，单晶Pd相应热力学函数最小。海绵Pd颗粒中的压力迟滞效应最明显．材料本底缺陷密度决定不同形态Pd-H体系的压力迟滞效应的大小。     

Laves相Ti36Zr40Ni20Pd4合金的吸氘行为

针对Ti36Zr40Ni20Pd4合金用X射线衍射仪和气固反应系统研究了其吸铸之前的晶体结构与吸氘特性。结果表明,吸铸前Ti36Zr40Ni20Pd4合金母锭形成了配位数为14的MgZn2结构的简单六方C14Laves相,晶格常数a=0.5287nm与c=0.8610nm。简单活化后,该合金可在室温下大量吸氘,浓度达到10.96mmol·D2/g·M(D2指氘分子,M指合金)。经过一次吸放氘循环后,吸氘动力学显著提高,吸氘速率常数达到0.015s-1。相对于成分相同的准晶相,Laves相Ti36Zr40Ni20Pd4合金吸氘较慢,但吸氘量相近,具有一定的储氢前景。     

Fe/Cr比对Zr(Fe,Cr)2吸氢性能的影响

参照锆合金中的第二相成分,熔炼2种不同Fe/Cr比的Zr(Fe,Cr)2(Fe/Cr=2和0.5)和ZrCr2(Fe/Cr=0)3种试验合金,对它们进行压力-成分-温度(P-C-T)测试和吸放氢动力学测试。同时用XRD对360℃吸氢前后的样品进行物相分析。实验结果表明,这3种合金在50,200,360℃3个温度下,均有吸氢量随Fe/Cr比值的降低而增加的现象。另外,在360℃,4MPa氢气气氛中测试时,这3种不同合金的可逆吸放氢量和吸放氢速度随Fe/Cr比的降低而增加。XRD测试表明,在360℃吸氢后并没有氢化物生成。     

铸态La1-xSmxMg3.6Co0.4 (x = 0-0.4)合金的贮氢性能研究

采用真空感应熔炼方法制备了La1-xSmxMgNi3.6Co0.4 (x = 0-0.4)合金,并系统研究了Sm替代La对合金相结构、形貌、以及贮氢性能的影响。XRD和SEM分析了合金的相结构,结果表明合金包含LaMgNi4和 LaNi5两相。La1-xSmxMgNi3.6Co0.4 (x = 0-0.4)系列合金在348K,3MPa下的气态吸氢量随着Sm添加呈现逐渐降低的趋势,分别为1.859、 1.707、1.585、1.578、1.471 wt.%。合金的P-C-T曲线显示LaMgNi4相在吸放氢时有平坦的平台压,同时通过在323 K,348 K,373K下对合金P-C-T曲线的研究表明,La1-xSmxMgNi3.6Co0.4 (x = 0-0.4)合金中LaMgNi4相在吸氢过程中的焓变在x = 0时的为-40.37 kJ/mol,随着Sm替代量增加到x = 0.4,焓变降到了-26.99 kJ/mol。而熵变也从x = 0时的-101.9 J/mol/K降到了x = 0.4时的-77.56 J/mol/K。La1-xSmxMgNi3.6Co0.4 (x = 0-0.4)合金的电化学合金测试表明,最大放电容量随着Sm替代量的增加从347 mAh/g降到了270.5 mAh/g,但是合金的循环稳定性随着Sm替代的增加得到了很大的提高。     

TiV1．35Cr1．35-x．Mnx（x=0～0．45）合金的相结构及储氢特性

系统研究了TiV1．35Cr1．35-x．Mnx（x=0,0．15,0．25,0.35,0．45)合金的相结构及储氢性能。XRD分析表明,所有合金均为体心立方(b.c.c．)结构的单一固溶体相,其晶胞常数随Mn含量的增加而逐渐减小。储氢性能测试表明,用Mn部分取代Cr后,合金的活化性能变差,25℃最大吸氢量有所下降,但合金的吸放氢压力滞后减小,放氢压力平台变得平坦,100℃有效放氢量和放氢率也随着Mn含量的增加先升后降,并在x=0.35时达到最大值。     

某新型粉末高温合金热压缩变形特性的研究

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机研究了某新型粉末合金在变形温度为1070～1170℃、应变速率为5×10-4s-1～2×10-1s-1的热压缩塑性变形行为,分析了合金流变应力、应变速率、变形温度之间的关系。结果表明,该合金的真应力-应变曲线在高应变速率下(ε≥2×10-2s-1),呈现出典型的动态再结晶特征,低应变速率下(ε≤2×10-3s-1),呈现动态回复特征;热塑性变形流变行为可用包含Arrhenius项的Z参数描述;随着变形温度的提高,该合金的应变速率敏感指数值变化很小。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.