城市污水处理厂对周边环境的污染及治理

近年来我国城市污水处理厂建设发展迅速,但不少污水处理厂在改善环境的同时,又成为新的污染源。分析了污水处理厂对周边环境造成的污染,主要表现为恶臭、噪声、污泥和出水不能达到国家二级排放标准。针对恶臭和噪声污染,着重论述了建设花园式厂区和全封闭的“室内”、地下污水处理厂的解决方案。同时,提出以人为本的设计、建设理念。     

Quality evaluation methods for wastewater treatment plant data.

Non identified systematic errors in data sets can cause severe problems inducing wrong decisions in function control, process modelling or planning of new treatment infrastructure. In this paper statistical methods are shown to identify systematic errors in full-scale WWTP data sets. With a redundant mass balance approach analyzing five different mass balances, systematic errors of about 10%-20% compared to the input fluxes can be identified at a 5%-significance level. A Shewhart control-chart approach to survey the data quality of on-line-sensors allows a statistical as well as a fast graphical analysis of the measurement process. A 19 month data set indicates that NO(3) (-), PO(4) (-) and NH(4) (-) on-line analyzers in the filter effluent and MLSS sensors in the aeration tanks were not disturbed by any systematic error for 85-95% of the measuring time. The in-control-interval (+/-3.standard deviation) has a width of +/-12-17% (NO(3)-N), +/-35-40% (PO(4)-P), +/-83% (NH(4)-N) and +/-12-15% (TS) of the measured reference value.     

Upgrading of Florence wastewater treatment plant: co-digestion and nitrogen autotrophic removal.

In recent years a completely autotrophic nitrogen removal process based on Anammox biomass has been tested in a few European countries in order to treat anaerobic supernatant and to increase the COD/N ratio in municipal wastewater. This work reports experimental results on a possible technical solution to upgrade the S. Colombano treatment plant which treats wastewater from the Florentine urban area. The idea is to use 50% of the volume of the anaerobic digester in order to treat external sewage sludge (as septic tank sludge) together with waste activated sludge and to treat the resulting effluent on a SHARON-ANAMMOX process in order to remove nitrogen from the anaerobic supernatant. Anaerobic co-digestion, tested in a 200 L pilot plant, enables low cost treatment of septic tank sludge and increases biogas production; however, it also increases the nitrogen load re-circulated to the WWTP, where nitrogen removal efficiency is already low (<50%), due to the low COD/N ratio, which limits predenitrification efficiency. Experimental results from a SHARON process tested in a lab-scale pilot plant show that nitrite oxidising bacteria are washed-out and steady nitrite production can be achieved at retention times in the range 1 - 1.5 days, at 35 degrees C. In a lab-scale SBR reactor, coupled with a nitration bioreactor, maximum specific nitrogen removal rate under nitrite-limiting conditions (with doubling time equal to about 26 days at 35 degrees C) was equal to 0.22 kgN/kgSSV/d, about 44 times the rate measured in inoculum Anammox sludge. Finally, a cost analysis of the proposed upgrade is reported.     

南方城市污水处理厂恶臭污染源调查与分析

对南方某市主要城市污水处理厂恶臭源的排放浓度进行监测,以H2S和NH3为主要监测指标。监测结果表明:在污水处理厂厂界内,臭气污染源主要集中在进水区、格栅区、曝气沉砂池以及污泥处理区域,厂界臭气浓度均不超标。同时,对该市典型污水处理厂的主要恶臭污染源H2S和NH3进行了13个月的连续监测;结果表明,构筑物内恶臭气体成分H2S的排放浓度为0.02~69.84ppm,NH3为0~0.37ppm,主要臭气污染物为H2S;污水处理厂进水泵房、格栅以及曝气沉砂池的臭气浓度呈现夏高冬低的特征,具有季节变化的特征。     

Upgrading and expansion of the K?ppala wastewater treatment plant. Operational experiences and results.

K?ppala Association has the responsibility to receive and treat wastewater from 11 municipalities situated just north of Stockholm in Sweden. Running a tunnel system, 60 km long, and a treatment plant meets this responsibility. The plant is situated in Liding?, northeast of Stockholm. The load 2002 corresponds to about 520,000 p.e. During the 1990s the plant was upgraded and expanded to meet an increasing population and more stringent discharge limits. Nitrogen removal was introduced. The expansion was done in two steps; the first step comprised a new plant beside the old one both situated in rock. This part, which included the filtration step, was taken into operation in 1998. Then the old plant was upgraded to the same technical standard as the new part. His Majesty the King of Sweden inaugurated the whole new and upgraded plant in April 2000. A total of 1.3 billion Swedish crowns were invested corresponding to about 140 million euro. The plant's performance is good. There is no trouble keeping the discharge limits, 10 mg/l for BOD7 and total nitrogen and 0.3 mg/l for phosphorus. However the bio-P process has not been altogether successful. We haven't been able to fulfill our goal to reduce the use of iron sulphate. We will during 2003 go on in our investigations concerning running the plant with a combination of bio-P and chemical precipitation.     

污水处理厂除臭工程设计

采用植物提取液进行污水处理厂除臭。简要介绍了植物提取液除臭的机理:利用喷雾系统将提取液直接喷洒在臭气源附近,喷洒剂中的活性成分可使异味分子发生化学反应,从而达到除臭的目的。污水处理工程污水量5万m3/d,分成四个相对独立的控制区域,总控制面积2 500 m2。工程总投资200.5万元,运行费用9 773元/d。系统运行时,H2S和NH3均能达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)二级标准。     

废纸造纸生产废水处理设计经验总结

根据工程实践,总结了生产原料、生产纸种、造纸工艺、废水来源与污染物成分、吨纸水耗对废纸造纸生产废水水质的影响.给出了废纸造纸生产废水预处理、生化处理的建议工艺参数.分析了废纸造纸生产废水回用的水质要求、水量确定和工艺选择.     

炼油废水处理工艺的改造实例

在分析原炼油废水处理工艺存在问题的基础上,先后采用"浮盘环流收油"、高效气浮机等技术,及将未经处理直接排放的合格废水和生活污水引入氧化沟、改进氧化沟控制程序、改造曝气机、完善过滤设施等措施,提高了装置的运行效果,延长了装置的运行周期,具有较好的经济效益和社会效益.     

Performance intensification of Prague wastewater treatment plant.

Prague wastewater treatment plant was intensified during 1994--1997 by construction of new regeneration tank and four new secondary settling tanks. Nevertheless, more stringent effluent limits and operational problems gave rise to necessity for further intensification and optimisation of plant performance. This paper describes principal operational problems of the plant and shows solutions and achieved results that have lead to plant performance stabilisation. The following items are discussed: low nitrification capacity, nitrification bioaugmentation, activated sludge bulking, insufficient sludge disposal capacity, chemical precipitation of raw wastewater, simultaneous precipitation, sludge chlorination, installation of denitrification zones, sludge rising in secondary settling tanks due to denitrification, dosage of cationic polymeric organic flocculant to secondary settling tanks, thermophilic operation of digestors, surplus activated sludge pre-thickening, mathematical modelling.     

净水厂生产排泥水处理工艺研究与设计

通过对净水厂生产排泥水的产生和水质特性进行分析,确定沉淀池排泥水和滤池反冲洗废水为净水厂排泥水的主要组成,结合设计干泥量的计算确定排泥水处理规模,在分析排泥水处理系统工艺流程布置特点的基础上对排泥水收集、调节、浓缩和脱水工艺进行分析,并对其中排水池、排泥池、浓缩池、平衡池、脱水工艺和场地布置的设计要点进行总结。     

Improvement of wastewater treatment performance of the Fukashiba treatment plant.

The Fukashiba Treatment Plant Kashima Rinkai Specified Sewage Works has received wastewater from the petrochemical complex (90%) and public sewage of Kamisu and Hasaki town (10%). For this reason, the plant is facing many difficulties in producing good quality effluent. In order to solve these difficulties, we are reviewing the treatment performance and making efforts for its improvement with nitrification inhibition, control of bio-persistent substances and the PRTR approach.     

Removal of cyanobacterial metabolites through wastewater treatment plant filters

Wastewaters have the potential to proliferate excessive numbers of cyanobacteria due to high nutrient levels. This could translate to the production of metabolites, such as the saxitoxins, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), which can impair the quality of wastewater destined for re-use. Biological sand filtration was assessed for its ability to remove these metabolites from a wastewater. Results indicated that the sand filter was incapable of effectively removing the saxitoxins and in some instances, the effluent of the sand filter displayed greater toxicity than the influent. Conversely, the sand filter was able to effectively remove geosmin and MIB, with removal attributed to biodegradation. Granular activated carbon was employed as an alternative filter medium to remove the saxitoxins. Results showed similar removals to previous drinking water studies, where efficient removals were initially observed, followed by a decrease in the removal; a consequence of the presence of competing organics which reduced adsorption of the saxitoxins.     

污水处理厂中央控制系统的应用

为减少人员操作,实现工艺设备运行参数的最优化,以某污水处理厂为例介绍中央控制系统在污水处理过程中的应用。实践证明,运用中央控制系统在各处理单元设置摄像头和传感器探头,并将图片和数据传输至中央机房,可对处理过程实行监测、控制,可根据污水水质、水量及溶氧量的变化及时调整工作状态,使污水处理厂运行稳定,出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)二级标准。     

全污水处理厂数学檩拟的BioWin檩型

目前污水处理厂的数学模拟已经朝全污水处理厂模拟的方向发展,着眼于污水处理厂整体的优化设计和运行.随着厌氧消化模型和旁流工艺模型的开发,建立包括一个污水处理厂水区和泥区以及旁流处理工艺在内的全厂污水处理工艺模拟已经成为可能.全污水处理厂数学模拟将是污水处理厂节能减排方案分析和评价的重要工具.全面介绍了全污水处理厂模拟的BioWin模型,主要包括活性污泥模型、厌氧消化模型和旁流处理工艺模型,并将此模型与现行其他常用模型进行对比.     

我国城市污水处理厂BOT项目建设现状分析

我国目前已步入城市污水处理厂建设高峰期,并且将会持续10-20年,尽管BOT模式已成为污水处理厂建设与运营的主要模式,但是针对BOT项目开展情况的整体了解却十分有限。为此,调查“十五”期间城市污水处理厂BOT项目的建设情况,分析了项目开工时间、项目在不同地区的分布情况、项目规模、项目投资情况、污水处理价格以及其与污水处理费之间的关系。全面系统地分析了我国城市污水处理厂市场化项目开展的情况,有益于进一步完善污水处理市场化政策导向、推进各地区BOT项目的建设。     

Periphyton contribution to nitrogen dynamics in the discharge from a wastewater treatment plant

To evaluate the importance of periphyton to nitrogen dynamics in the discharge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), we examined changes in total and inorganic nitrogen content downstream from a WWTP on the Kurose River in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. At 0.7 km downstream of the WWTP (point A), NH₄⁺?N was the dominant form of inorganic nitrogen, but concentrations decreased rapidly to 5 km downstream (point B). In contrast, no significant change in the [NO₂^?+ + NO₃^?]?N concentration was observed between the two points. Total nitrogen (TN) load decreased significantly between the two points, suggesting that sorption and/or denitrification occurred in the river channel. Potential rates of nitrogen sorption and transformation by periphyton were determined in a loboratory experiment in which changes in the nitrogen content of river water were examined in an acrylic chamber with periphyton. Nitrification and nitrogen removal occurred mainly in the periphyton. The contributions of periphyton activity to TN and NH₄⁺?N decrease in the field, as estimated from the results of the laboratory experiments, were 6–18% and 23–72%, respectively. These results suggest that periphyton plays an important role in decreasing NH₄⁺?N concentration in the discharge from wastewater treatment plants.     

Constructed wetland as a low cost and sustainable solution for wastewater treatment adapted to rural settlements: the Chorfech wastewater treatment pilot plant

The paper presents the detailed design and some preliminary results obtained from a study regarding a wastewater treatment pilot plant (WWTPP), serving as a multistage constructed wetland (CW) located at the rural settlement of 'Chorfech 24' (Tunisia). The WWTPP implemented at Chorfech 24 is mainly designed as a demonstration of sustainable water management solutions (low-cost wastewater treatment), in order to prove the efficiency of these solutions working under real Tunisian conditions and ultimately allow the further spreading of the demonstrated techniques. The pilot activity also aims to help gain experience with the implemented techniques and to improve them when necessary to be recommended for wide application in rural settlements in Tunisia and similar situations worldwide. The selected WWTPP at Chorfech 24 (rural settlement of 50 houses counting 350 inhabitants) consists of one Imhoff tank for pre-treatment, and three stages in series: as first stage a horizontal subsurface flow CW system, as second stage a subsurface vertical flow CW system, and a third horizontal flow CW. The sludge of the Imhoff tank is treated in a sludge composting bed. The performances of the different components as well as the whole treatment system were presented based on 3 months monitoring. The results shown in this paper are related to carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal as well as to reduction of micro-organisms. The mean overall removal rates of the Chorfech WWTPP during the monitored period have been, respectively, equal to 97% for total suspended solids and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), 95% for chemical oxygen demand, 71% for total nitrogen and 82% for P-PO4. The removal of E. coli by the whole system is 2.5 log units.     

沉井技术在污水处理厂进水泵房工程中的应用

1 概述污水处理厂进水泵房高程位于整个厂区构筑物最低的位置,它是收集市政污水并通过水泵将污水提升送至各个单体进行净化处理的构筑物.广西岑溪市污水处理厂位于岑溪市西北侧,距市中心约1 km,西面约100 m处是市区第二大河流义昌江,原进水泵房施工方案为大体积开挖施工,因厂区地质稳定性差、地下水位较高、渗透较大,采取的灌浆堵渗经济上不可行(灌浆堵渗措施费为760万元,而整个进水泵房土建及装饰装修投标报价为24.5万元),后经业主、设计、施工三方论证,决定改用沉井方案进行施工.     

垃圾渗滤液接入城市污水处理厂存在的问题探讨

垃圾渗滤液是一种成分复杂的高浓度有机废水,一直是水处理研究的难题之一。以福州市为例,对当地的垃圾渗滤液接入城市污水处理厂合并处理存在的问题进行探讨。将垃圾渗滤液运输至城市污水处理厂处理是目前比较好的选择,但要求城市具有污水处理厂且输送距离适中,而且城市污水处理厂要有适当的规模,足以容纳填埋场产生的渗滤液。将垃圾渗滤液直接排入污水处理厂进行合并处理会对污水处理厂处理工艺造成很大的冲击,给污水处理厂的运行管理带来困难。     

污水处理厂运行的节能降耗技木进展

随着城镇污水处理规模的增加,污水处理厂的能耗也越来越引起重视.从污水处理厂的能耗单元审核、运行参数控制、设备升级改造等方面总结和分析了各种最新的节能降耗技术,并研究了其可行性.结合国外污水处理厂运行中的经验,对其中的一些技术方法提供了实际应用的案例.提出了今后要从污水处理设计、设备选型、运行管理控制、维护、升级改造等每个环节中贯彻节能降耗技术,以达到降低污水处理成本、减小用电量的目标.