Battery recycling policies for boosting electric vehicle adoption: evidence from a choice experimental survey

Electric vehicles must be widely accepted because of environmental concerns and carbon restrictions. Previous research has looked at consumer policy preferences and their influence on electric vehicle adoption. However, none have investigated the impact of policies linked to battery recycling on electric vehicle adoption. This study used a discrete choice model (the panel-data mixed logit model) to evaluate 552 actual consumer choice data from Southwest China collected via an online questionnaire. Our results indicate that (1) 75% of respondents feel that electric vehicles enhance the environment and are eager to embrace them. However, the lack of strong recycling policies may hinder their adoption of electric vehicles. Specifically, the four battery recycling policies significantly impact electric vehicle adoption. (2) Consumers appreciate producer-oriented incentives more than consumer-oriented incentives to a lesser extent, such as mandated battery recycling policies and electric vehicle battery flow tracing policies. (3) Consumers place a larger willingness to pay on charging station density than vehicle attributes. (4) Regarding consumer heterogeneity, the usual young group in higher-rated cities prefers electric vehicles, while customers who own a car are more inclined to buy electric vehicles. Finally, more management insights and policy recommendations are provided based on these findings to help government and producer policymakers.

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Hesitant fuzzy integrated MCDM approach for quality function deployment: a case study in electric vehicle

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a product planning management instrument which has been used in a broad range of industries. However, the traditional QFD method has been criticised much for its deficiencies in acquiring experts’ opinions, weighting customer requirements (CRs) and ranking engineering characteristics (ECs). To overcome the limitations, an integrated analytical model is presented in this study for obtaining the importance ratings of ECs in QFD by integrating decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) technique and Vlsekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method under hesitant fuzzy environment. In particular, the hesitant fuzzy DEMATEL is used to analyse the interrelationships among CRs and determine their weights, and the hesitant fuzzy VIKOR is utilised to prioritise ECs. Finally, the feasibility and practicality of the proposed method are verified by an example regarding the product development of electric vehicle.     

Application of ECQFD for enabling environmentally conscious design and sustainable development in an electric vehicle

Environmental consciousness is regarded as a vital concept for survival in the competitive market scenario. The need for infusing environmental consciousness during early stage of product design is important. This article reports a study which is focused on the application of Environmentally Conscious Quality Function Deployment (ECQFD) to an electric vehicle. ECQFD consists of four phases. ECQFD phases I and II are concerned with the identification important parts of electric vehicle that are vital for improving the environmental consciousness. ECQFD phases III and IV are used to analyze which design changes among the formulated design options of electric vehicle are most effective with regard to environmental improvement. The study results indicate that it could be applied in early product design and development stages for ensuring sustainability.     

Profiling contextual factors which influence safety in heavy vehicle industries

A significant proportion of worker fatalities within Australia result from truck-related incidents. Truck drivers face a number of health and safety concerns. Safety culture, viewed here as the beliefs, attitudes and values shared by an organisation’s workers, which interact with their surrounding context to influence behaviour, may provide a valuable lens for exploring safety-related behaviours in heavy vehicle operations. To date no major research has examined safety culture within heavy vehicle industries. As safety culture provides a means to interpret experiences and generate behaviour, safety culture research should be conducted with an awareness of the context surrounding safety. The current research sought to examine previous health and safety research regarding heavy vehicle operations to profile contextual factors which influence health and safety. A review of 104 peer-reviewed papers was conducted. Findings of these papers were then thematically analysed. A number of behaviours and scenarios linked with crashes and non-crash injuries were identified, along with a selection of health outcomes. Contextual factors which were found to influence these outcomes were explored. These factors were found to originate from government departments, transport organisations, customers and the road and work environment. The identified factors may provide points of interaction, whereby culture may influence health and safety outcomes.     

Underlying solvent-based factors that influence permanent porosity in porous liquids

Porous liquids(PLs)offer the potential to combine the ready handling and mature industry status of liquid absorbents,with the high permanent porosity of metal o...     

电动车空调用压缩机的性能测试

依据GB/T22068—2018《汽车空调用电动压缩机总成》中压缩机测试工况以及GB/T5773—2016《容积式制冷剂压缩机性能试验方法》,搭建R134a压缩机测试系统。分别对涡旋式压缩机和滚动活塞式压缩机的性能进行测试,结果表明:不同转速下涡旋式压缩机的平顺性高于滚动活塞式压缩机,随着转速的提高,制冷量和功率增加趋势一致;在高转速下运行时,滚动活塞式压缩机功率的增长更为稳定,相对涡旋式压缩机波动较小,在转速3 000～4 500 r/min范围内的增长率仅为12.8%;低转速下涡旋式压缩机具有较高的COP,高转速下滚动活塞式压缩机的COP高于涡旋式压缩机。     

A scientometric study of global electric vehicle research

A scientometric analysis was applied in this work to evaluate the status and trends of electric vehicle papers published between 1993 and 2012 in any journal of all the subject categories of the Web of Science. Electric vehicle was used as a keyword to search parts of titles, abstracts, or keywords. Publication trends were analyzed by the retrieved results in publication outputs, subject categories and publication pattern, international productivity. The document co-citation analysis was done in CitespaceII to find out the intellectual base and research fronts of electric vehicle. The articles about electric vehicle increased fast in the last 20 years. 11 document types were found in all electric vehicle-related papers and proceedings paper was the most frequently used document type. Language analysis showed that English was the most dominating language. “Engineering electrical electronic”, “Energy fuels” and “Transportation science technology” were the top three most popular subject categories. Journal of Power Sources, IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology and IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics were the representative journals in the field of electric vehicle. The USA, China and Japan were the most productive countries. University of Michigan, Harbin Institute of Technology and Ohio State University were the most productive countries. Vehicle-to-grid technology, control strategy, combination of power management and traffic information from GPS, plug-in electric vehicle, architectures and modeling, battery and policy about electric vehicle are the research fronts of electric vehicle.     

Application of fuzzy quality function deployment for sustainable design of consumer electronics products: a case study

With a steep increase in the demand for consumer electronics products, the contemporary manufacturers are committed toward sustainable development of such products. There exists a scope for developing a methodology for enabling sustainable development of consumer electronics products. In this context, fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) approach has been presented in this article in order to prioritize relevant customer requirements, sustainability parameters and sustainability initiatives. Key influential parameters for sustainable development of consumer electronics products have been identified from the literature. In the first phase of fuzzy QFD, parameters influencing sustainable development have been prioritized in accordance with customer requirements. In the second phase, environmental design initiatives have been prioritized based on critical sustainability parameters. From phase I of fuzzy QFD, ‘reduction in environmental release’ has been found as the most significant sustainability parameter with a crisp value of 22.83, and from phase II, environmental impact assessment is proved to be the significant design method with a crisp value of 20.40. The methodology would provide a comprehensive understanding to practitioners on the interrelationships among customer requirements, sustainability parameters and environmentally benign initiatives for development of consumer electronic products. The generic model developed can be applied to most of the consumer electronics product     

The influence of demographic factors on seatbelt use by adults injured in motor vehicle crashes

This study determined demographic factors associated with reported seatbelt use among injured adults admitted to a trauma center. A retrospective chart review was conducted including all patients admitted to a trauma center for injuries from motor vehicle crashes (MVC). E-codes (i.e. ICD-9 external cause of injury codes) were used to identify all patients injured in a MVC between January 1995 and December 1997. Age, sex, race, residence zip code (i.e. a proxy for income based on geographic location of residence), position in the vehicle, and seatbelt use were obtained from the trauma registry. Forward logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors of seatbelt use. Complete data was available for 1366 (82%) patients. Seatbelt use was reported for 45% of patients under age of 25 years, 52% of those 25-60 years, and 68% of those over 60 years. Overall, seatbelt use was reported for 45% of men and 63% of women, as well as for 56% of Caucasians (i.e. Whites) and 34% of African Americans. In addition, seatbelt use was reported for 33% of those earning less than $20,000 per year and 55% of those earning over $20,000. Finally, seatbelt use was reported for 57% of drivers and 43% of passengers. Logistic regression revealed that age, female gender, Caucasian race, natural log of income, and driver were all significant predictors of reported seatbelt use. These results show that seatbelt use was more likely to be reported for older persons, women, Caucasians, individuals with greater incomes, and drivers. Seatbelt use should be encouraged for everyone; however, young people, men, African Americans, individuals with lower incomes, and passengers should be targeted specifically.     

基于ADVISOR软件的纯电动汽车经济性能仿真

在ADVISOR软件的基础上,建立某种纯电动汽车整车模型,分析影响纯电动汽车经济性能的参数,并获得电池电容、电池电量对汽车经济性能影响的仿真曲线。仿真结果表明:该文可为汽车仿真参数匹配提供参考,并根据仿真结果拟合出能量消耗的经验公式。     

Design of material transportation system for tandem automated guided vehicle systems

A new design concept of materialtransportation system is proposed on the basis of tandem automated guided vehicle (AGV) systems. The first design stage is to find the one and only one optimal transfer point for each traffic zone. All in-process parts to be moved into and out of a zone must go through the specified transfer point and parts can be moved directly to their destinations. The second design stage is to link all transfer points as a 'transportation centre' by several bidirectional tracks. This design concept can simplify material transportation system and provides accurate estimation of traffic load in a zone.     

基于GA-BP的混合动力汽车匀速工况声品质预测模型

为快速准确评价混合动力汽车车内声品质,在分析BP神经网络和遗传算法(GA)特点的基础上,利用遗传算法对BP神经网络的权值和阈值进行优化,从而建立GA-BP的混合动力汽车声品质客观评价模型。利用此模型进行混合动力汽车匀速工况车内声品质预测后,把GA-BP模型预测结果与多元线性回归模型和传统BP神经网络模型预测结果进行比较。对比结果显示GA-BP模型预测结果精度最高。证明所建立的GA-BP声品质预测模型的有效性,说明该模型较适用于混合动力汽车车内声品质预测。     

电动汽车控制网络实时性分析研究

分析了影响电动汽车分布式控制系统实时性的主要因素,通过对整个网络系统的测试,考察了实际运行的网络的性能是否能够满足汽车动力系统的实时性要求.对目前电动汽车网络中常采用的125kb/s,250kb/s和500kb/s三种通信速率的CAN网络实时性进行了对比测试分析,结果表明:在相同的网络中,总线正常通信的情况下,提高总线通信速率,能有效降低总线负载率;10ms的信息在网络上实时性要求比较高,将主要影响网络实时性能.所得研究结果对制定电动汽车CAN网络协议具有重要参考价值.     

Calibration and optimization of an electric vehicle powertrain system

ABSTRACT

The problem of insufficient driving performance in existing electric vehicle (EV) powertrain systems is solved in this paper by presenting the EV as the reference object. The system model of the EV is established based on the powertrain system layout, technical parameters, and performance requirements, and the vehicle dynamic property and pure electric drive economy are evaluated. On the basis of the component models and total outputted power, the driving range is considered as the optimization target, and the input simulation parameters are considered as the optimized variables. Therefore, the optimal variable parameters are determined by multiple simulation analysis. In view of the test bench results, the rationality of the parameters of the simulation result is verified. Generally speaking, with the flexible configuration of the designed powertrain system and the optimized parameters of dynamic programming, the automobile performance can be improved.     

国外电动汽车电磁兼容的检测标准

介绍了最新发布的ECE R10.04法规中新增的关于电动汽车电磁兼容检测要求,还对美国新施行的SAE J551-5:2012标准进行了解读,给电动汽车的检测和研发提供了参考。     

影响低密度聚乙烯/氧化锌复合材料场致电导因素的研究

氧化锌(ZnO)是一种电导率具有场强依赖性的半导体材料,由其经烧结而制备的非线性电阻器件在稳压、过压保护、防雷、灭孤、消噪、补偿、消磁等方面得到了广泛的应用.以低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和氧化锌粉末共混复合体系为研究对象,实验研究了影响LDPE/ZnO复合材料场致电导的主要因素.研究结果表明,增加ZnO的掺量、升高温度和减小压力均能提高LDPE/ZnO复合材料的非线性程度;对于按不同生产工艺制备的ZnO,其晶粒生长行为的不同导致晶粒结构的差异,从而使得含有不同制备工艺的ZnO的LDPE/ZnO复合材料的电导特性存在较大差别.     

Social sustainable supplier evaluation and selection: a group decision-support approach

Organisational and managerial decisions are influenced by corporate sustainability pressures. Organisations need to consider economic, environmental and social sustainability dimensions in their decisions to become sustainable. Supply chain decisions play a distinct and critical role in organisational good and service outputs sustainability. Sustainable supplier selection influences the supply chain sustainability allowing many organisations to build competitive advantage. Within this context, the social sustainability dimension has received relatively minor investigation; with emphasis typically on economic and environmental sustainability. Neglecting social sustainability can have serious repercussions for organisational supply chains. This study proposes a social sustainability attribute decision framework to evaluate and select socially sustainable suppliers. A grey-based multi-criteria decision-support tool composed of the ‘best-worst method’ (BWM) and TODIM (TOmada de Decisão Interativa e Multicritério – in Portuguese ‘Interactive and Multicriteria Decision Making’) is introduced. A grey-BWM approach is used to determine social sustainability attribute weights, and a grey-TODIM method is utilised to rank suppliers. This process is completed in a group decision setting. A case study of an Iranian manufacturing company is used to exemplify the applicability and suitability of the proposed social sustainability decision framework. Managerial implications, limitations, and future research directions are introduced after the application of the model.