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1.
In this study, the cyclic voltammetry method was first used to find the reduced voltages and anodic peaks of Bi3+, Sb3+, and Te4+ ions as the judgments for the growth of the (Bi,Sb)2 - x Te3 + x-based materials. Ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) was used as a solvent, and 0.3 M potassium iodide (KI) was used to improve the conductivity of the solution. Two different electrolyte formulas were first used: (a) 0.01 M Bi(NO3)3-5H2O, 0.01 M SbCl3, and 0.01 M TeCl4 and (b) 0.015 M Bi(NO3)3-5H2O, 0.005 M SbCl3, and 0.0075 M TeCl4. The potentiostatic deposition process was first used to find the effect of reduced voltage on the variation of compositions of the (Bi,Sb)2 - xTe3 + x-based materials. After finding the better reduced voltage, 0.01 M Bi(NO3)3-5H2O, 0.01 M SbCl3, and 0.01 M TeCl4 were used as the electrolyte formula. The pulse deposition process was successfully used to control the composition of the (Bi,Sb)2 - xTe3 + x-based materials and grow the nanowires in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. 相似文献
2.
Xi Shui Chenyu Zou Wentao Zhang Chengshuai Bao Yi Huang 《Ceramics International》2021,47(6):8228-8235
In this paper, the luminescence properties of Ca2ZnSi2O7:Sm3+ phosphors were improved by co-doping with M3+ (M = Bi, Al) via the sol-combustion method. The structure and luminescence properties of the Ca2ZnSi2O7:Sm3+, M3+ samples were investigated in detail, especially the luminescence enhancement effect of Bi3+/Al3+ co-doping. XRD results indicated that moderate Bi3+/Al3+ co-doping in the host structure did not change the tetragonal structure of Ca2ZnSi2O7. The series of Ca2ZnSi2O7:Sm3+, M3+ phosphors could be excited by 402 nm near-ultraviolet light and several significant emission peaks were obtained at 567, 604 and 650 nm, which originated from the electron transitions of Sm3+ from 4G5/2 to 6H5/2, 6H7/2 and 6H9/2 levels, respectively. The luminescence intensity of Ca2ZnSi2O7:Sm3+ was markedly enhanced through Bi3+/Al3+ co-doping, which could be explained by Al3+ decreasing the crystal field symmetry and greatly increasing the red luminescence intensity, and Bi3+ functioning as a sensitizer to increasing the luminescence intensity through energy transfer from Bi3+ to Sm3+ ions. In conclusion, the excellent Ca2ZnSi2O7:Sm3+, M3+ phosphors have potential application as red phosphors in white light emitting diodes. 相似文献
3.
A.S. Alagar Nedunchezhian D. Sidharth N.Yalini Devi R. Rajkumar P. Rajasekaran M. Arivanandhan G. Anbalagan R. Jayavel 《Ceramics International》2019,45(6):6782-6787
Bismuth Cobalt Oxide (BixCo3-xO4) nanoparticles with different compositions (x?=?0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) were prepared by chemical precipitation method. The structural, morphological and thermal properties of the prepared samples were studied by XRD, SEM, FTIR and TG&DTA analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that pure phase of Cobalt oxide was formed till x?≤?0.05 and while increasing the Bi concentration (0.05?≤ x?≤?0.2) mixed phases of Co3O4, Co2O3, CoO and separate phase of Bi2O3 were formed. The diffraction peaks were reasonably shifted due to substitution of Bi2+ ions. XPS analysis conforms the presence of mixed valance states of Co and presence of Bi with their binding states in the samples. The electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient were measured for BixCo3-xO4 (0?≤ x?≤?0.2) at different temperatures. It was observed that the electrical resistivity decrease till x?≤?0.05 due to the substitution of Bi ions in Cobalt lattice and increases at higher x values (0.05?≤ x?≤?0.2) due to the formation of Bi2O3 phase. The Bi substitution has considerably reduced the electrical resistivity by one order when completely dissolved in the cobalt oxide lattice at lower x values. The Seebeck coefficient value gradually increased for all samples of BixCo3-xO4 (0?≤ x?≤?0.2). The power factor was calculated from electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient and the maximum power factor of 0.025 µWm?1K?2 was obtained for Bi0.2Co2.8O4 sample at 530?K. The experimental results revealed that the Bi substitution have promising effect on the thermoelectric properties of nanostructured BixCo3-xO4 (0?≤ x?≤?0.2). 相似文献
4.
Microstructures and electrochemical performances of Bi based compound film-coated ZnO are investigated and compared with those of Ni film-coated ZnO and Bi nanocompound-modified ZnO in order to illuminate the coating effect of Bi based compound film. Bi based compound film is composed of nanoparticles (1–2 nm in diameter) of Bi6(NO3)4(OH)2O6, BiO and Bi2O3, containing lots of micropores. In comparison with Bi nanocompound-modified ZnO and Ni film-coated ZnO, Bi based compound film-coated ZnO shows higher discharge capacity and more stable cycling performance. The highest average discharge capacity is as high as 535 mAh g−1, and the discharge capacity does not obviously decrease during the cycling tests. Cyclic voltammograms indicates that Bi based compound film can limit transfer of H2O, OH−, and enhance electrochemical activity of ZnO. The improvement of cycling performance is due to: (1) the coating film structure avoids the direct contact between ZnO/Zn with the electrolyte, and suppresses the dissolution of ZnO/Zn; (2) the micropores in the film is beneficial to adequate diffusion of H2O, OH− and zincates ions, leading to high discharge capacity and good cycling performance; (3) the light weight of the film also has a contribution to high specific discharge capacity. 相似文献
5.
Wen-Jin Li 《Electrochimica acta》2009,54(27):7167-515
The author examines Bi2Te3 deposition from a DMSO solution containing TeCl4 and Bi(NO3)3 × 5H2O by means of cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). Accumulated charges and related mass changes for Bi2Te3 deposition on working electrodes are measured in situ. The deposit composition is more dependent on Te4+ concentrations in DMSO solution than on the potential. In a DMSO solution containing 0.01 M Te4+ and 0.0075 M Bi3+, Bi2Te3 deposits were obtained in the potential range between −0.2 and −0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl. In a DMSO solution containing 0.05 M Te4+ and 0.0375 M Bi3+, Te-rich deposits were formed from −0.2 to −0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl. 相似文献
6.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(4):4584-4594
The development of single phase photocatalyst is expected to realize clean energy and pollution treatment. Herein, we reported a novel Tremella-like Bi2WO6 catalyst which was obtained by facile hydrothermal technique. The formation of Tremella-like Bi2WO6 strongly depended on introduction of Bi2O3. Based on the Kirkendall effect, Bi2O3 induced Bi(NO3)3·5H2O to form biscuit-like Bi6O6(OH)3(NO3)3·3H2O particles which provided templates and reacted simultaneously with WO42? to synthesize Tremella-like Bi2WO6. The Tremella-like Bi2WO6 exhibited remarkable visible-light catalytic performance. The degradation rate of RhB dye reached 100% with 10 min, the reduction rate of CO2 was 5.5 times higher than pure Bi2WO6. Moreover, the Tremella-like Bi2WO6 catalyst displayed excellent stability during the recycle experiments. The high catalytic activity makes single phase Bi2WO6 catalyst great potential in environmental protection field. 相似文献
7.
Yanlin Huang Longqing Mi Jie Qin Shala Bi Hyo Jin Seo 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2019,102(6):3555-3566
This work reports on the preparation, structure, photochemical, and magnetic properties of six-layered Aurivillius bismuth ferrititanates, that is, Bi7Ti3Fe3O21, Bi7(Ti2Nb)Fe3O21+δ, and Bi7(Ti2Mg)Fe3O21−δ nanoparticles. The samples were prepared through the modified citrate complexation and precursor film process. The XRD Rietveld refinements were conducted to study the phase formations and crystal structure. The morphological and chemical component characteristics were investigated using SEM, TEM, and EDX analyses. Bi7Ti3Fe3O21, Bi7(Ti2Nb)Fe3O21+δ, and Bi7(Ti2Mg)Fe3O21−δ nanoparticles present an indirect allowed transitions with band energies of 2.04, 2.03, and 2.02 eV, respectively. The hybridized (O2p+Fet2g+Bi6s) formed the valence band (VB) and electronic components of (Ti–3d+Fe–eg) formed the conduction band (CB) of this six-layered Aurivillius bismuth ferrititanate. The three samples showed efficient photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dyes with the excitation wavelength λ > 420 nm. The optical absorption, photodegradation, and magnetic abilities were improved through microstructural modification on “B” site via partial substitution of Mg2+ and Nb5+ for Ti4+. The photocatalytic results were discussed based on the layer structure and multivalent Fe ions. Fe3+/2+ in the perovskite slabs (Bi5Fe3Ti3O19)2− could act as the catalytic mediators in the photocatalysis process. As a photocatalyst, Aurivillius Bi7(Ti2Mg)Fe3O21−δ nanoparticle is advantageous due to its photocatalytic and magnetically recoverable abilities. 相似文献
8.
Chinnambedu Murugesan Raghavan Jin Won Kim Sang Su Kim 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2014,97(1):235-240
Effects of Ho and Ti ions individual doping and co‐doping on the structural, electrical, and ferroelectric properties of the BiFeO3 thin films are reported. Pure BiFeO3, (Bi0.9Ho0.1)FeO3, Bi(Fe0.98Ti0.02)O3+δ, and (Bi0.9Ho0.1)(Fe0.98Ti0.02)O3+δ thin films were prepared on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates by using a chemical solution deposition method. All thin films were crystallized in distorted rhombohedral structure containing no secondary or impurity phases confirmed by using an X‐ray diffraction study. Changes in microstructural features, such as grain morphology and grain size distribution, for the doped samples were analyzed by a scanning electron microscopy. From the experimental results, a low electrical leakage (1.2 × 10?5 A/cm2 at 100 kV) and improved ferroelectric properties, such as a large remnant polarization (2Pr) of 52 μC/cm2 and a low coercive field (2Ec) of 886 kV/cm, were observed for the (Bi0.9Ho0.1)(Fe0.98Ti0.02)O3+δ thin film. Fast current relaxation and stabilization observed in the (Bi0.9Ho0.1)(Fe0.98Ti0.02)O3+δ imply effective reduction and neutralization of charged free carriers. 相似文献
9.
This work examines the synthesis and characterization of crack‐free, β‐Bi2O3 thin films prepared on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si or corundum substrates using the sol‐gel method. We observed that the Bi‐based precursor has a pronounced influence on the β‐Bi2O3 phase formation. Well‐crystallized, single β‐Bi2O3 thin films were obtained from Bi‐2ethylhexanoate at a temperature of 400°C. In contrast, thin films deposited from Bi‐nitrate and Bi‐acetate resulted in non‐single Bi2O3 phase formation. TEOS was used for the stabilization of the β‐Bi2O3 phase. The phase composition of the thin films was characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), whereas the morphology and thickness of the thin films were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The β‐Bi2O3 films' dielectric properties were characterized utilizing microwave‐frequency measurement techniques: (1) the split‐post dielectric resonator method (15 GHz) and (2) the planar capacitor configuration (1–5 GHz). The dielectric constant and dielectric loss measured at 15 GHz were 257 and 7.5 × 10?3, respectively. 相似文献
10.
The cathodic current blackening of Bi2O3-based oxide ion conductors was examined for the Bi2O3-Y2O3 electrolyte at low oxygen pressure. In air, more than 500 mA cm–2 d.c. could be passed at 600° C without causing changes in the electrolyte itself. However, in argon gas, a limiting current of 3 mA cm–2 was observed and the electrolyte was blackened at the cathode side. The limiting current was ascribed to control by the diffusion of oxygen gas at the cathode. The blackened oxide was found to consist of a mixture of Bi metal and Bi2O3-Y2O3 solid solution and to exhibit the equilibrium oxygen partial pressure almost corresponding to that of the Bi, Bi2O3 mixture. 相似文献
11.
Housei Akazawa 《Ceramics International》2021,47(3):3292-3298
Undoped and Er3+-doped Bi2O3 thin films were sputter-deposited on Si(100) substrates. Sufficiently oxidized Bi2O3 films with refractive indices between 2.17?2.23 were obtained at a wavelength of 633 nm; these values are comparable to those of bulk Bi2O3 crystals. While the film composition was stable for deposition temperatures between room temperature (RT) and 450 °C, the refractive index steeply decreased above 450 °C and reached 1.4 at 600 °C. The lowering of the optical transmittance spectra indicated aggregation of metallic Bi and darkening of the film. All films exhibited X-ray diffraction patterns of α-Bi2O3. The direct and indirect bandgap energies derived from the Tauc plots were 3.4–3.7 eV and 1.9–2.5 eV, respectively, depending on the O2 flow rate and deposition temperature. Upon excitation of Er3+-doped Bi2O3 films at 532 nm, Er3+ emissions peaking at 1537 and 1541 nm appeared, and the photoluminescence spectra included fine structures reflecting crystal-field splitting. Resonant excitation of Er3+ 4f levels and indirect excitation via the defect levels of Bi2O3 followed by energy transfer to Er3+ contributed to the emission. The films deposited at RT with Er concentrations of 2 at.% had the emission intensity of Er3+, but concentration quenching strongly suppressed the Er3+ emission because the doped Er3+ ions stayed inside the Bi2O3 crystals. At deposition temperatures above 400 °C, the concentration quenching was mitigated possibly because out-diffusion of Er3+ ions reduced the effective number of Er3+ ions in the Bi2O3 crystalline domains. 相似文献
12.
We demonstrate a relatively simple method for studying various kinetic aspects of metal electrodeposition in the presence of coadsorbing anions on an electrode surface. This method combines cyclic voltammetry (CV) with fast Fourier transform electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (FFT-EIS), where both steady state and transient behaviors of the interface are probed simultaneously. As a model surface reaction, we use electrodeposition of Bi3+ in the presence of ClO4− adsorption from an aqueous solution onto a gold electrode. The voltage range for underpotential deposition (UPD) of Bi3+ is determined with potential step (PS) experiments. The voltage dependent UPD coverage of Bi on Au is determined by analyzing the CV data. The relevant kinetic parameters of both Bi3+ and ClO4− deposition reactions under the conditions of CV are measured with FFT-EIS, and analyzed using a complex nonlinear least square method. The differences and similarities between the electrosorption characteristics of Bi3+ and ClO4− on Au are discussed in terms of these kinetic parameters. 相似文献
13.
《Ceramics International》2017,43(12):9158-9163
In this account, Bi4Si3O12:Sm3+ and (Bi4Si3O12:Sm3+, Pr3+) red phosphors were prepared by solution combustion method fueled by citric acid at 900 °C for 1 h. The effects of co-doping Pr3+ ions on red emission properties of Bi4Si3O12:Sm3+ phosphors, as well as the mechanism of interaction between Sm3+ and Pr3+ ions were investigated by various methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that smaller amounts of doped rare earth ions did not change the crystal structure and particle morphology of the phosphors. The photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) indicated that shape and position of the emission peaks of (Bi4Si3O12:Sm3+, Pr3+) phosphors excited at λex=403 nm were similar to those of Bi4Si3O12:Sm3+ phosphors. The strongest emission peak was recorded at 607 nm, which was attributed to the 4G5/2→6H7/2 transition of the Sm3+ ion. The photoluminescence intensities of Bi4Si3O12:Sm3+ phosphors were significantly improved by co-doping with Pr3+ ions and were maximized at Sm3+ and Pr3+ ions doping concentrations of 4 mol% and 0.1 mol%, respectively. The characteristic peaks of Sm3+ ions were displayed in the emission spectra of (Bi4Si3O12:Sm3+, Pr3+) phosphors excited at respectively λex=443 nm and λex=481 nm (Pr:3H4→3P2, 3H4→3P0). This indicated the existence of Pr3+→Sm3+ energy transfer in (Bi4Si3O12:Sm3+, Pr3+) phosphors. 相似文献
14.
Determination of thermodynamic data on the formation of Bi2O3 was established by emf measurements as a function of temperature in the range 660–820°C on the system Metal, Bi(1)|Bi2O3|Pt, O2. From the results using a tungsten electrode the following relation was found: ΔG0 = ?(134.7 ± 1.2) + (64.0 ± 1.2) × 10?3 T kcal mole?1 (validity range: 940–1080 K). Standard thermodynamic data at 298 K were calculated as ΔG0 = ?119.2 ± 2.1 kcal mole?, ΔH0 = ?139.0 ± 1.2 kcal mole?1, and ΔS0 = ?66.3 ± 1.2 eu. 相似文献
15.
《Ceramics International》2020,46(9):13630-13640
Bi3+-containing compounds have been intensively investigated for their potential application as photocatalysts for degrading pollutants and splitting water. In this work, a Ca2Bi2O5/α-Bi2O3 heterojunction photocatalyst was successfully prepared via the facile sol–gel method. The excess of the initial Bi raw material can result in the Ca2Bi2O5/α-Bi2O3 heterojunction of the final products. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were investigated via X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, UV–Vis optical absorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The band energy of the Ca2Bi2O5 substrate semiconductor was 2.49 eV and characterized with a direct transition nature. The photocatalytic effect on the photodegradation of Rhodamine B solutions was evaluated. Ca2Bi2O5/α-Bi2O3 heterojunctions showed improved photocatalytic abilities compared with single Ca2Bi2O5 and α-Bi2O3 under viable light irradiation. The mechanism was discussed in terms of the microstructure, luminescence intensities, and decay curves (lifetimes). The photo-produced electrons and holes can be adequately separated in Ca2Bi2O5/α-Bi2O3 heterojunctions ensuring its photocatalytic activities. The present results can serve as reference for investigating the optical properties of Bi semiconductors. 相似文献
16.
Low‐Temperature Dielectric Relaxations Associated with Mixed‐Valent Structure in Na0.5Bi0.5Cu3Ti4O12
Xiaohong Sun Chunchang Wang Guojing Wang Changmei Lei Teng Li Lina Liu 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2013,96(5):1497-1503
We, herein, present comparative investigations on the Na0.5Bi0.5Cu3Ti4O12 ceramic samples with and without 10 mol% excess of Na/Bi. The samples were prepared by the standard solid‐state reaction technique. The dielectric properties of the sample were investigated in the temperature (93–320 K) and frequency (20 Hz–10 MHz) windows. Three thermally activated dielectric relaxations observed in Na0.5Bi0.5Cu3Ti4O12 with the activation energies of 0.104, 0.267, and 0.365 eV for the low‐, middle‐, and high‐temperature dielectric relaxations, respectively. Only the low‐temperature relaxation was observed in both Na and Bi excessive samples. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy results revealed the mixed‐valent structures of Cu+/Cu2+ and Ti3+/Ti4+ in Na0.5Bi0.5Cu3Ti4O12 sample, but only Ti3+/Ti4+ in Na and Bi excessive samples. Our results showed that the dielectric properties of the investigated samples are strongly linked with these mixed‐valent structures. The high‐ and low‐temperature relaxations were attributed to be a polaron‐type relaxation due to localized carriers hopping between Cu+/Cu2+ and Ti3+/Ti4+, respectively. The middle‐temperature relaxation is suggested to be a dipole‐type relaxation caused by the defect complex of bismuth and oxygen vacancies. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2003,23(1):161-166
The influence of hydrothermal conditions (including starting materials, reaction temperature and time) on the crystal structure and the morphology of Bi4Ti3O12 particles are discussed in this paper. Bi4Ti3O12 nanocrystalline particles were hydrothermally synthesized at temperatures in the range of 180–230 °C for 4–12 h, from Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, TiCl4 and NaOH solution. The XRD results revealed that a typical bismuth layered perovskite structure Bi4Ti3O12 was obtained. The TEM showed that the Bi4Ti3O12 nanoparticles are tabular, and the sizes are about 200 nm. 相似文献
18.
Synthesis,structural characterization,and photocatalytic activity of Bi‐based nanoparticles
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Adriana Nuñez‐Briones Luis García‐Cerda Joelis Rodríguez‐Hernández Miguel Aguilar‐González Bertha Puente‐Urbina Esmeralda Mendoza‐Mendoza 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2018,15(1):101-110
Bi‐based nanoparticles were successfully synthesized (500°C/2 h) following two intermediate‐temperature routes, Pechini and a combined method of mechanical milling/molten salts. Herein, α‐Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 heterostructures were identified. These types of heterostructures have shown advantages to improve the visible light responsive activity of Bi‐based nanoparticles to facilitate the separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. By fixing the experimental parameters, the synthesis route and Ag contents showed to play a very important role in the phase composition of the Ag‐containing samples; the formation of Bi/Ag‐Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 and Ag/Ag‐Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 complex hybrid structures were revealed. The α‐Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 heterostructure prepared by combined method exhibited higher photocatalytic efficiency (66.84%) for degrading methylene blue (MB) depending on Bi2O2CO3 component proportion. For the Ag‐containing hybrid structures, the performance of their catalytic activity did not show an increase with respect to α‐Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3. However, in these samples, the degradation efficiency was slightly enhanced with the efficient doping of Ag into the α‐Bi2O3 structure and the existence of Bi when the Pechini method was used. Also, a possible photocatalytic process for degrading MB is presented. 相似文献
19.
BH. V. JANAKIRAMA RAO 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1962,45(11):555-563
Areas of glass formation and regions of “neo-ceramic” glasses in the systems Biz03-CdO-Si02, Bi203-Cd0-B203, and Bi203-Cd0-GeO2 are demarcated. Properties of glasses in the neoceramic regions were determined before and after nucleation and heat treatment. There are no maxima or minima in the dielectric properties versus composition curves. The dielectric constants increase after nucleation and heat treatment. The dissipation factors show a remarkable change toward higher values. Transparent glasses with Bi2O3. CdO as the predominant constituents have unusual dielectric constants ranging from 30 to 42 and dissipation factors ranging from 3 to 50 × 10−4., Since these glasses contain only from 0.5 to 2.0 wt% SiO2 or B2O3 or 5 wt% GeO2, the conventional concept of glass structure composed of a random spacial network of SiO4 tetrahedra, whose interstices are filled with network modifiers, cannot be sustained in this case. It is suggested that the dominant cations Bi3 + and Cd2+ form the network and that the interstices are occupied by Si4 + cations. The function of the Si4+ ion apparently is to distort the highly polarizable Bi3 + ion enough to form a random network. It appears to be possible that Bi3+ and Cd2+ can form the network in sixfold coordination. The dielectric losses observed are explained in terms of the relative instability of the structure. 相似文献
20.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(13):18067-18073
Based on the activation energy and diffusion kinetics theory of grain growth, Li0.42Zn0.28Ti0.1Fe2.2O4 ceramics with a low ferromagnetic resonance line-width (ΔH) and high saturation magnetization (Ms) were synthesized by adopting LTCC (low-temperature cofired ceramics) technology. The critical sintering temperature of ferrite synthesis was reduced to 925 °C due to activation energy reduction and the liquid phase sintering mechanism of Bi2O3. The sintering agent B2O3 further improved the grain size, homogeneity, density and properties. EDS and XRD refinement showed that Bi3+ and B3+ ions did not enter lattices, but Ti4+ ions entered lattices and replaced part of the Fe3+ ions, leading to the lattice expansion. Finally, homogeneous and compact Li0.42Zn0.28Ti0.1Fe2.2O4 ferrite with Ms up to 354.6 kA/m and ΔH as low as 184.2 Oe was synthesized at temperatures as low as 925 °C by adding an appropriate content of Bi2O3 and B2O3. In the present study, the exploration and practice of reducing the sintering temperature and improving the material properties based on sintering agents is a beneficial supplement and improvement to the wider application of the LTCC technique. 相似文献