液相过程制备的CdTe/Al 肖特基纳米晶太阳电池对烧结温度的依赖性研究

本文研究了烧结温度对液相过程制备的碲化镉(CdTe) 纳米晶薄膜性质的影响,以得到最优性能的CdTe/Al 肖特基纳米晶太阳电池。在AM 1.5 条件下,由350℃ 烧结的CdTe 薄膜制作太阳电池得到了2.67% 的最高效率。 当烧结温度增加到350℃ 时,薄膜中纳米晶尺寸明显增加。烧结温度在200℃ 到400℃ 范围内时,短路电流随温度增加而不断增加,但是,过度的烧结 (450℃) 处理会引起太阳电池的短路。     

近距离升华法制备Bi催化纳米晶CdTe薄膜的表征

采用近距离升华法(Close-Spaced-Sublimation,CSS)引入Bi催化剂成功制备出了具有纳米线、近阵列排布的纳米棒等形貌的纳米晶CdTe薄膜.并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外可见分光光度计等研究了薄膜的结构、表面形貌和光学性能.讨论了CdTe纳米结构可能的生长机制.

Abstract：

Bi-catalyzed nanocrystalline CdTe films were prepared by close spaced sublimation (CSS) technique successfully.These nanocrystalline CdTe films had surface appearance of nanowires or a similar array arrangement nanorod.The structure,the surface topograph and the optical properties of these films were studied using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and ultroviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometer.And the possible growth mechanisms of these nanostructures were discussed.     

SiC纳米晶薄膜的制备及发光性质研究

用射频磁控溅射及后退火(800℃、1000℃和1200℃)方法,在Si(111)衬底上制备出了SiC纳米晶(nc-SiC)薄膜。傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射谱(XRD)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)形貌像等研究表明,制备出的nc-SiC薄膜具有立方结构;样品经800℃、1000℃退火后,表面的纳米晶粒分别为10nm和20nm左右;而1200℃退火后,样品晶化完全。光致发光(PL)研究表明,nc-SiC薄膜室温条件下发射蓝光,发光峰峰位随退火温度的降低发生蓝移且发光峰强度变大;1000℃退火后样品的发光峰在478nm,800℃退火后发光峰在477nm,800℃退火比1000℃退火的样品发光强度高4倍。     

以Na2TeO3为碲源制备CdTe纳米晶及其表征

本文以巯基乙酸作为稳定剂,在水相中制备了CdTe纳米晶。以亚碲酸钠作为碲源,从而避免了以H2Te或NaHTe（用碲粉和硼氢化钠合成）作为碲源时,需要氮气或其它气体作为保护气体的过程,简化了制备工艺,并且提高了CdTe纳米晶的产量。用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电镜（SEM）和荧光分光光度计对其进行了表征。分析表明CdTe纳米晶为立方相,并且有较窄的荧光发射峰。详细探讨了反应时间、pH值及前驱物浓度对CdTe纳米晶荧光性能的影响。     

厚度对柔性衬底上制备的ZnO:Zr透明导电薄膜性能的影响

Transparent conducting zirconium-doped zinc oxide （ZnO：Zr） thin films with high transparency, low resistivity and good adhesion were successfully prepared on water-cooled flexible substrates （polyethylene glycol terephthalate, PET） by RF magnetron sputtering. The structural, electrical and optical properties of the films were studied for different thicknesses in detail. X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） revealed that all the deposited films are polycrystalline with a hexagonal structure and a preferred orientation perpendicular to the substrate. The lowest resistivity achieved is 1.55 × 10-3 Ω·cm for a thickness of 189 nm with a Hall mobility of 17.6 cm2/（V·s） and a carrier concentration of 2.15×1020 cm-3. All the films present a high transmittance of above 90% in the wavelength range of the visible spectrum.     

在柔性衬底上制备的非晶硅薄膜力学性能研究

以聚酰亚胺膜作为柔性衬底材料 ,用等离子体增强化学气相沉积 (PECVD)技术制备氢化非晶硅薄膜 .喇曼(Raman)光谱分析表明适当温度下的退火工艺使氢化非晶硅薄膜具有均匀的微硅晶体结构和良好的表面质量 .在扫描电子显微镜下进行的力学性能实验研究表明 ,由于非晶硅薄膜和聚酰亚胺膜之间较强的相互作用 ,使非晶硅薄膜具有优异的柔韧力学性能 ,可以在 5mm以上的曲率半径下保持良好的弹性变形能力 ,在受拉伸情况下可以达到 1 7%的弹性形变范围 ,抗拉伸强度达到 1 45GPa ,完全能够贴附于一般规则和不规则曲面并承受较大的应力作用.     

在柔性衬底上制备的非晶硅薄膜力学性能研究

以聚酰亚胺膜作为柔性衬底材料,用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)技术制备氢化非晶硅薄膜.喇曼(Raman)光谱分析表明适当温度下的退火工艺使氢化非晶硅薄膜具有均匀的微硅晶体结构和良好的表面质量.在扫描电子显微镜下进行的力学性能实验研究表明,由于非晶硅薄膜和聚酰亚胺膜之间较强的相互作用,使非晶硅薄膜具有优异的柔韧力学性能,可以在5mm以上的曲率半径下保持良好的弹性变形能力,在受拉伸情况下可以达到1.7%的弹性形变范围,抗拉伸强度达到1.45GPa,完全能够贴附于一般规则和不规则曲面并承受较大的应力作用.     

衬底温度对纳米Si-SiO_x薄膜的结构和组分的影响

本文报道用真空蒸发制备含氧硅薄膜的技术，研究了衬底温度对薄膜结构和组分的影响．实验发现在真空为５×１０－３Ｐａ、衬底温度在２８０～４８０℃范围内，随着温度的提高，薄膜由非晶、转化为纳米晶体、再转化为多晶，氧含量也随着温度的提高而增加，这可能是由硅原子在生长表面迁移率的增加和氧化速率的提高所致     

不同柔性衬底上CdS薄膜退火前后的性能比较

采用磁控溅射法分别在柔性PI衬底、柔性AZO衬底和柔性ITO衬底上制备CdS薄膜,并在干燥空气中以CdCl2为源380℃退火,分别研究了不同柔性衬底及退火工艺对CdS薄膜形貌、结构和光学性能的影响。研究结果表明:退火前在不同柔性衬底上的CdS薄膜形貌依赖于衬底类型,退火后CdS薄膜的晶粒再结晶,晶粒度增大明显,且不再依赖于衬底类型。不同柔性衬底上CdS薄膜均为立方相和六角相的混相结构,退火后,六角相比例增大,薄膜的结晶质量提高。透过率退火后改善明显,其中,在柔性AZO衬底上的CdS薄膜透过率超过80%。     

衬底温度对纳米晶SnO_2薄膜结晶特性的影响

阐述了金属氧化物SnO2纳米薄膜研究的发展情况及其应用前景,介绍了采用磁控溅射技术,使用混合气体Ar和O2,在衬底温度为150～400℃的耐热玻璃基片上制备了纳米晶SnO2∶Sb透明导电薄膜。通过测定x射线衍射谱,表明薄膜择优取向为[110]和[211]方向,SnO2∶Sb薄膜的结晶特性随衬底温度变化。     

Properties of CdTe nanocrystalline thin films grown on different substrates by low temperature sputtering

CdTe nanocrystalline thin films have been prepared on glass, Si and Al2O3 substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering at liquid nitrogen temperature. The crystal structure and morphology of the films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The XRD examinations revealed that CdTe films on glass and Si had a better crystal quality and higher preferential orientation along the (111) plane than the Al2O3. FESEM observations revealed a continuous and dense morphology of CdTe films on glass and Si substrates. Optical properties of nanocrystalline CdTe films deposited on glass substrates for different deposited times were studied.     

用直流磁控溅射法制备的ＩＴＯ薄膜的光电性能研究

用直流磁控溅射法将ＩＴＯ薄膜制备在玻璃基片上以作为太阳电池的透明电极。通过改变溅射功率、基片温度和工作气压来研究它们对所沉积的ITO薄膜的透过率和电导率的影响。实验结果表明：当溅射功率从30W增加到90W时,薄膜的透过率和电阻率都将减小;当基片温度从25℃ 增加到 150℃时,透过率稍微有点增大但电阻率减小;当工作气压从0.4Pa 增大到2.0Pa时,透过率减小,但电阻率增大。因此,在溅射功率为30W、基片温度为150℃、工作气压为0.4Pa 时,ITO薄膜有比较好的光电性能,其电阻率小于10-4 Ω•cm ,在可见光波段的透过率大于80%,适合于作为太阳电池的透明电极。     

Photoelectric properties of ITO thin films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering

As anti-reflecting thin films and transparent electrodes of solar cells,indium tin oxide（ITO） thin films were prepared on glass substrates by DC magnetron sputtering process.The main sputtering conditions were sputtering power,substrate temperature and work pressure.The influence of the above sputtering conditions on the transmittance and conductivity of the deposited ITO films was investigated.The experimental results show that, the transmittance and the resistivity decrease as the sputtering power increases from 30 to 90 W.When the substrate temperature increases from 25 to 150℃,the transmittance increases slightly whereas the resistivity decreases.As the work pressure increases from 0.4 to 2.0 Pa,the transmittance decreases and the resistivity increases.When the sputtering power,substrate temperature and work pressure are 30 W,150℃,0.4 Pa respectively,the ITO thin films exhibit good electrical and optical properties,with resistivity below 10^-4Ω·cm and the transmittance in the visible wave band beyond 80%.Therefore,the ITO thin films are suitable as transparent electrodes of solar cells.     

直流磁控溅射法制备非晶态氧化钒薄膜光学特性研究

研究了直流反应磁控溅射工艺中衬底温度对氧化钒(V2O5)薄膜性能的影响,利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见光分光光度计(UV1700)分别对薄膜进行了表征.实验结果表明,除了组分和晶态,薄膜的形貌和光学性能受衬底温度的影响很大.随着衬底温度的升高,膜表面变得粗糙,膜厚减小.光学特性测试表明,当衬底温度从160℃升高到320 ℃,光学带隙从2.39 eV下降到2.18 eV.     

直流磁控溅射制备非晶硅薄膜的研究

非晶硅薄膜（a-Si）是目前重要的光敏材料,在很多领域得到广泛应用。直流磁控溅射具有工艺简单．沉积温度低等优点,是制备薄膜的一种重要技术。采用直流磁控溅射工艺在玻璃基板上沉积薄膜,并对样品进行了退火处理。研究了沉积速率与溅射功率的关系。结果表明薄膜的沉积速率与溅射功率近似有线性关系。利用X射线衍射（XRD）对薄膜进行了分析鉴定,结果表明溅射的薄膜是非晶硅薄膜。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对非晶硅薄膜的表面形貌进行了观察和分析,与X射线衍射测试的结果一致。所以．利用直流磁控溅射工艺能在常温下能快速制备出良好的非晶硅薄膜。     

不同温度硫化生长ZnS薄膜的性能

采用磁控溅射方法在玻璃衬底上室温下沉积了Zn薄膜,接着将薄膜在硫蒸气和氩气氛中于200℃预热1 h,然后升温至250~500℃退火1 h。以XRD、SEM、EDS和紫外可见分光光度计对薄膜进行表征,并结合热力学计算结果研究了Zn薄膜硫化生长机理。Zn转变为ZnS的过程包括硫化反应以及S原子和Zn原子的扩散。研究还表明:第一步的200℃预热可在Zn薄膜表面形成ZnS,随后第二步退火的硫化温度对硫化薄膜光透过率、S/Zn摩尔比和结晶性都有明显影响;在大于或等于300℃的硫化温度下制备的ZnS薄膜在400~1100 nm范围光透过率高达约80%,带隙为3.54~3.60 eV,晶体结构为六方。     

Bias voltage dependence properties of Nb-doped indium tin oxide thin films by RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature

Niobium doped indium tin oxide (ITO:Nb) thin films were fabricated on glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering from one piece of ceramic target material at room temperature. The bias voltage dependence of properties of the ITO:Nb films were investigated by adjusting the bias voltage. Structural, electrical and optical properties of the films were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–visible spectroscopy, and electrical measurements. XRD patterns showed a change in the preferential orientations of polycrystalline crystalline structure from (222) to (400) crystal plane with the increase of negative bias voltage. AFM analysis revealed that the smooth film was obtained at a negative bias voltage of -120 V. The root mean square (RMS) roughness and the average roughness are 1.37 nm and 1.77 nm, respectively. The films with the lowest resistivity as low as 1.45×10⁻⁴ Ω cm and transmittance over 88% have been obtained at a negative bias voltage of −120 V. Band gap energy of the films, depends on substrate temperature, varied from 3.56 eV to 3.62 eV.     

射频磁控溅射法制备Cu_2ZnSnS_4薄膜

利用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃基片上制备了Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS)薄膜,薄膜在室温下生长,再在Ar气氛中快速退火。通过X射线衍射、X射线电子能谱、原子力显微镜和吸收谱研究了退火温度对薄膜结构、组分、形貌和禁带宽度的影响。结果表明,所制备样品为Cu2ZnSnS4多晶薄膜,具有较强的沿(112)晶面择优取向生长的特点,薄膜组分均为富S贫Cu,样品表面形貌比较均匀。退火温度为350,400,450和500℃的薄膜样品的禁带宽度分别是1.49,1.53,1.51和1.46 eV。     

（英）沉积参数对射频磁控溅射制备的碲锌镉薄膜的影响

采用Cd096Zn0.04Te靶,利用射频磁控溅射制备碲锌镉薄膜,通过改变基片温度、溅射功率和工作气压,制得不同的碲锌镉薄膜.将制备的碲锌镉薄膜放置在高纯空气气氛中,在473 K温度下退火.利用台阶仪、分光光度计、XRD和SEM测试设备表征,结果表明,通过退火和改变沉积参数,可以制备出禁带宽度在1.45～2.02eV之间调节的碲锌镉薄膜.