无亚硝或低亚硝酸盐的肉品腌制系统

介绍不使用亚硝酸盐或使用低量亚硝酸盐的肉品腌制系统。一是完全不使用亚硝酸盐的腌制系统,如麦芽酚、有机铁盐系统;用血液人工合成的亚硝基血红蛋白单一或多元腌制系统;红曲色素腌制系统;抗坏血酸、葡萄糖腌制系统;肉汤培养基腌制系统;二是抗氧化剂、抑菌剂和低量的亚硝酸盐组成的多元腌制系统。     

无亚硝或低亚硝酸的盐的肉品腌制系统

介绍不使用亚硝酸盐或使用低量亚硝酸盐的肉品腌制系统。一是完全不使用亚硝酸盐的腌制系统,如麦芽酚、有机铁盐系统;用血液人工合成的亚硝基血红蛋白一或多元腌制系统;红曲色素腌制系统;抗坏血酸、葡萄糖腌制系统;肉汤培养基腌制系统;二是抗氧化剂、抑菌剂和低量的亚硝酸盐组成的多元腌制系统。     

无硝配方及受热差异对牛肉粒作用效果的研究

肉类的无硝或低硝腌制方法是值得探索的课题。本研究以牛肉为试材,采用红曲色素、VC、EDTA二钠、柠檬酸、乙基麦芽酚等添加剂,进行了无硝、低硝腌制系统的研究。在发色、保鲜等特性方面,各样品与亚硝酸盐常规用量(156×10-6)的对照比较,结果显示:采用的无硝和低硝的腌制剂对牛肉的腌制效果,在色度、新鲜度方面可达到和优于对照所能达到的指标,且无硝腌制剂样品中亚硝酸盐残留量显著的低于对照,而采用低硝(30×10-6)腌制剂的样品亚硝酸盐残留量与对照无显著差异。另外,因腌制后热处理的程度差异,导致了肌红蛋白的不同的变性程度,影响了腌制剂的发色等效用,因此,应根据产品制作时的受热参数的不同进行腌制剂的配比。     

萝卜干腌制中亚硝酸盐的抑制研究

为了了解萝卜干腌制中亚硝酸盐含量以及寻找减少亚硝酸盐含量的方法,研究了不同食盐浓度对萝卜干腌制过程的亚硝酸盐产量的影响,不同的温度水浸泡、换水次数,以及加茶叶、大蒜、维生素C对亚硝酸盐脱除效果。结果表明:6%,9%,12%,15%食盐腌制的萝卜干亚硝酸盐高峰分别在第7,8,9,10天出现。低浓度食盐腌制的萝卜干亚硝酸盐高峰早,高峰下降快;高浓度食盐腌制的亚硝酸盐高峰迟,下降慢。腌制时添加维生素C去除亚硝酸盐非常有效,100g萝卜加入2 mL 0.1g/mL的维生素C,可降低亚硝酸盐峰值40.1%;其次是添加茶叶,也有一定减少亚硝酸盐含量作用;但加入大蒜对亚硝酸盐去除几乎没有效果。萝卜干用水浸泡也可以减少亚硝酸盐含量。浸泡水温度越高,萝卜干中亚硝酸盐含量越低,换水次数对去除萝卜干更明显,换水4次,其亚硝酸盐含量去除率达到84.0%。     

响应面法优化大白菜腌制条件

文中对腌制大白菜中亚硝酸盐含量进行了跟踪测定,并优化腌制条件以减少亚硝酸盐生成量。在单因素实验的基础上,利用Design-Expert软件对维生素C、食用醋酸、腌制温度三个因素进行响应面分析。结果表明,最佳腌制条件为:维生素C 0.2%、食用醋酸11%、腌制温度21℃。在最优腌制条件下,亚硝酸盐测定实际值为16.47 mg/kg(25 d),预测值为16.38 mg/kg,实际值与预测值相差0.5%,相比仅添加10%食盐腌制的大白菜中的亚硝酸盐含量降低了8%,故优化腌制条件对腌制大白菜中亚硝酸盐含量减少有效可行。     

无硝血红蛋白发色剂的研究进展

肉制品是人们日常膳食中的主要食品之一。肉制品的工业产值占整个食品工业产值的很大一部分。多年来,在国内外生产的肉制品中,亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐作为肉制品的腌制剂一直被广泛使用。亚硝酸钠是一种传统的发色剂,主要应用于肉制品中,一方面赋予肉制品特有的肉红色、改善产品的组织结构,另一方面作为防腐剂,对肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌具有较强的抑制作用。目前,国内外肉类企业全都采用亚硝酸盐作为肉品的发色剂,来获得理想的色泽和风味,延长保质期。但亚硝酸盐使用量超过一定标准(>150×10-6)会导致NO-大量残留,残留的NO-和蛋白质代谢产物仲胺结合,…     

泡菜制作中亚硝酸盐的产生规律研究

实验室自制泡菜,检测了不同温度、盐浓度、不同人工接种量等条件下,泡菜发酵过程中亚硝酸盐的产生规律,以及相应的产品品质。结果表明:37℃腌制的泡菜亚硝酸盐峰值最低且发酵最快;30℃腌制的泡菜亚硝酸盐峰值最高;28℃和33℃腌制的泡菜的亚硝酸盐峰值居于中间。37℃与33℃条件下腌制的泡菜香味较浓、脆度差、酸度高,28℃条件下腌制的泡菜香味较淡、脆度好、酸度适中。4%盐浓度腌制的泡菜亚硝酸盐峰值最高但发酵最快;6%盐浓度腌制的泡菜亚硝酸盐峰值最低,发酵发酵速度居中;8%盐浓度腌制的泡菜发酵速度最慢且口感不好。4%接种量腌制的泡菜亚硝酸盐峰值最低,乳酸发酵最快,发酵周期最短;自然接种腌制的泡菜亚硝酸盐峰值最高,乳酸发酵最慢,发酵周期最长;2%接种量腌制的泡菜介于两者之间。由此得到泡菜腌制的最佳条件分别为:温度28℃,盐浓度6%,人工接种量4%。     

降低腌制金花菜亚硝酸盐含量的研究

研究了金花菜腌制过程中食盐、维生素C、柠檬酸、茶粉的添加量及腌制温度对腌制金花菜中亚硝酸盐含量的影响。研究结果表明,食盐添加量和腌制温度对亚硝酸盐含量的影响较大,选择相对较低的食盐添加量可以有效控制亚硝酸盐的生成,温度拟控制在25℃左右,维生素C、柠檬酸及茶粉的添加对腌制过程中亚硝酸盐的降低也有明显的效果,维生素C和茶粉添加量分别为0.15%～0.2%、2%～3%,柠檬酸作为辅助剂,在腌制过程中与维生素C共同作用有助于将亚硝酸盐控制在相对较低的水平。     

减少食品中亚硝酸盐危害的研究进展

本文阐述了食品中亚硝酸盐的危害和来源。亚硝酸盐的主要来源为蔬菜生长过程中和腌制过程中积累的亚硝酸盐,其次是亚硝酸盐作为着色剂、防腐剂和抗氧化剂添加的腌腊肉制品。摄入0.3~0.5 g亚硝酸盐就可引起中毒,摄入3 g甚至会致死。减少蔬菜中的亚硝酸盐含量主要靠控制腌制时间和腌制过程中盐的浓度以及烹饪后尽快食用来减少亚硝酸盐的生成量。而减少腌腊肉制品中的亚硝酸盐则主要从2个方面入手,一是直接减少亚硝酸盐的使用量或者完全不使用亚硝酸盐;二是阻断亚硝胺的形成。研究表明,发色剂红曲色素、抑菌剂乳酸菌及乳酸链球菌素、抗氧化剂茶多酚以及亚硝胺生成阻断剂α-生育酚、姜蒜汁等都能够有效地减少腌腊肉制品中亚硝酸盐的含量,降低食品中亚硝酸盐的危害。     

泡菜(白菜)腌制过程中有机酸对亚硝酸盐含量的影响!

以白菜为原料自然腌制泡菜,采用HPLC法和分光光度法,测定腌制过程中有机酸的种类及含量、亚硝酸盐的含量,并进行有机酸对亚硝酸盐降解实验,研究了泡菜中有机酸及其对亚硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明,泡菜中含有酒石酸、乳酸、草酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸和丙酸,其中酒石酸和乳酸含量较高;泡菜腌制过程中草酸、琥珀酸含量均呈先上升后下降的趋势;柠檬酸、酒石酸、丙酸、乳酸的含量随腌制时间的延长逐渐降低。不同有机酸降解亚硝酸盐能力的大小顺序为:草酸,苹果酸,酒石酸,柠檬酸,琥珀酸,丙酸,乳酸。酒石酸和乳酸可能是影响泡菜自然腌制过程中亚硝酸盐含量的主要有机酸。     

基于电子鼻的稻谷霉菌在线检测系统的研制

针对传统稻谷霉检测方法操作繁琐,针对这一问题,本文设计了一种基于无线电子鼻的稻谷霉菌在线检测系统。该系统由气体检测装置、下位机系统以及上位机远程监控系统构成,具有数据采集、处理、显示、传输及存储等功能。下位机采用STM32单片机,与上位机通信的传输速率大于2KB/s,丢包率为0,上位机远程监控系统最大可实现轮询接收128路下位机数据。通过稻谷霉菌检测试验,建立了霉菌浓度预测模型,并运用粒子群优化算法对参数进行优化,模型的R2为0.9837,均方根误差为0.2049lg(cfu/g),灵敏度为0.070,霉菌浓度最低检出限为1.5×101cfu/g,分辨率为1.5×101cfu/g。表明此系统用于稻谷霉菌检测具有一定的可行性,可为快速评价稻谷质量安全提供参考。     

Inactivation of Salmonella Typhimurium in fresh cherry tomatoes using combined treatment of UV–TiO2 photocatalysis and high hydrostatic pressure

Food Science and Biotechnology - The antibacterial efficacy of UV–TiO2 photocatalysis pre-washing in a water-assisted system (UVT, 4.5 mW/cm2, 5–15 min) and high...     

Total nitrogen vs. amino-acid profile as indicator of protein content of beef

In most cited food composition studies and tables, the proximate system measures protein as total nitrogen (N) (determined by Kjeldahl or Dumas method) multiplied by a specific factor. A factor of 6.25 is used for determining total protein from total N (Jones, Munsey, & Walker, 1942). Although more expensive, it is considered more accurate to base protein content of foods on amino acid data (Greenfield & Southgate, 2003).     

Effects of rendering and α-tocopherol addition on the oxidative stability of horse fat

Food Science and Biotechnology - Oxidative stability of horse fat rendered at 70 °C, − 0.1 MPa under vacuum and 110 °C, 0.1 MPa from horse...     

中国肉制品工业五十年回顾与展望(下)

本文详细总结了新中国五十年肉制品工业发展的方方面面,其中包括肉制品的数量、质量、品种、原辅料、加工工艺与设备、肉类科技进步与交流、人员培训、行业管理等等.着重阐明了改革开放后近20年的巨大变化,同时也对未来20年我国肉制品工业的前景作了初步展望.     

Tracking and traceability solution using a novel material handling system

Tracking and traceability of products and raw material in the shopfloor has become one of the major subjects in the research arena [Montanari, D.J., & Aly, N. (1995). Inventors of methods for tracking the production history of food products, a US registered patent system, December; Billo, R. E., & Bidanda, B. (1998). Modelling effective material tracking systems, a case study in wireless technology, Industrial Engineering Solutions 98, Proceedings, pp. 10–17; Chanet, J. P., & Eynard, P. (2000). Technologies for the traceability in the meat industry, Technical Report: Adaption Control & Information Tracing. Proceedings of the First International Meat Automation Congress MAC 2000, pp. 1–6]. Food industry is especially the focus of recent material tracking and traceability initiatives [Furness, T. (1998) Traceability in the livestock and meat products supply chain, Traceability Action UK (TAUK) Report and Recommendations, Coordinated by AIM UK (June 1998). http://www.defra.gov.uk/; Meghen, C. (2000). Traceability technologies for the meat industry, Technical Report: Adoption, Control & Information Tracing. Proceedings of the First International Meat Automation Congress MAC 2000, pp. 23–26]. One of the major areas that traceability of meat products can be compromised is at the boning and trimming stage. In this paper, the authors attempt to provide a solution for tracking and tracing meat cuts in a typical boning hall. The proposed system should be able to maintain high standards of operational fluency whilst maintaining 100% traceability. This could only be achieved by providing an operational smart material handling system that could address public health and safety concern. This paper represents the technical and innovative achievements in developing a fully operational novel conveyor concept (bead driven [Jephcott, D. L. (2002). Method and apparatus for transferring drive, Patent No. US2002057956, see web page:http://l2.espacenet.com/espacenet/bns.pdf?PN=US2002057956&ID=US2002057956A1+I+&PG=1]) and the associated SCADA system in a boning hall. It will then elaborate on the Information System (IS) designed for transferring the data collected from the shopfloor to intraorganisational data management systems.A multistage procedure to relate a novel idea to a fully operational smart conveyor system capable of storing, maintaining, and transferring product information into complex routings of a harsh food environment is described in detail. Integration of mechanical design, electronic architecture, and radio frequency (RF) identification equipment using the state-of-the-art factory control Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) suite of software is discussed. Various hardware tests, destructive or simulated, conducted to ensure maximum conformity to industry standards, are described. Specific tests were applied to the control software and Data Management System (DBMS) to maintain the integrity of the tracking and traceability system.Although this paper and the technology developed are targeted for meat processing industry, the result can be used as a platform for other industries that require 100% traceability, e.g., pharmaceutical and aerospace industries.Industrial RelevanceThis paper covers the development of a conveyor system capable of tracking and tracing food items during processing in order to minimize the risk of transfer of animal related diseases to humans. The “Meatracˮ project has provided 100% traceability for prime cuts of meat in abattoir and boning hall.     

Retention and stability of bioactive compounds in functional peach beverage using pasteurization,microwave and ultrasound technologies

Food Science and Biotechnology - The peach functional beverages pasteurized for 10 min at 90 °C, microwaved for 1.5 min at 850 W of power and sonicated for...     

Comparison of dry- and wet-heat induced changes in physicochemical properties of whey protein in absence or presence of inulin

Food Science and Biotechnology - Changes in whey protein (10%, w/v) induced by dry-heating (60 °C for 5 days at a relative humidity of 63%), wet-heating (85 °C...     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Assessment of aflatoxins in peanuts grown in the Pothohar area of Pakistan

Statement of Retraction

The following article has been retracted from publication in the Taylor & Francis journal, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B:

M. Abbas, M. R. Asi, F. Anwar, T. Mahmood, A. M. Khan and T. Yaqub, Assessment of aflatoxins in peanuts grown in the Pothohar area of Pakistan, Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19393210.2013.820221. Version of record published online 26th July 2013.

The Editor of Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B and Taylor & Francis note that the policy of the journal is to consider only original material, and authors are required to make a warranty to the effect that articles are not under consideration for publication by any other journal. The article was published in good faith. Subsequently, it has become known that a similar article was submitted to and published in World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Volume 69 (2012). As this is contrary to our stated policy, the article is hereby retracted and should not be cited.

It is Taylor & Francis policy that the Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B article be kept online, but also stating that the paper has been retracted, together with a link to this Retraction to ensure the integrity of the scientific record.     

Pre-sliced or do it yourself? – Determinants of schoolchildren’s acceptance of convenience fruits and vegetables

Previous research shows that the method of preparation can significantly influence children’s fruit and vegetable (F&V) acceptance. The purpose of this study was to analyze the determinants of children’s liking of industrial pre-sliced and single packed F&V within the framework of the European Union School Fruit Scheme (SFS). In addition, the influence of the liking of pre-sliced F&V on the choice for pre-sliced vs. non-pre-sliced F&V was determined. A baseline survey was conducted with 118 schoolchildren (aged 8–10 years) receiving normal F&V in the framework of the SFS and involved the preparation and characteristics of F&V. After the intervention group (n = 60) received pre-sliced F&V for 6 weeks, the survey was conducted again with complementary questions concerning pre-sliced F&V, and the results were compared with those of a control group (n = 58) that continued to receive non-pre-sliced F&V. The survey results indicated that the liking of F&V significantly decreased in the intervention group, while it remained constant in the control group. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the sensory deficits and negative packaging characteristics of pre-sliced F&V significantly and negatively influenced the rating for pre-sliced F&V, while savings in effort and time for preparation positively influenced the liking. Furthermore, the liking of pre-sliced F&V significantly and positively influenced the choice for pre-sliced F&V. In contrast, a positive attitude towards F&V preparation negatively influenced the choice of pre-sliced F&V. Based on the results, the general distribution of pre-sliced F&V cannot be recommended in the framework of school-based F&V intervention programs.