退火温度对溶胶-凝胶法制备的ZnO薄膜性质的影响

为了提高ZnO薄膜的光学性能,采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)和简易浸渍提拉法在石英基片上制备ZnO薄膜,并在不同温度下进行退火处理。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、光致发光(PL)及紫外可见分光光度计对薄膜的结构特征、表面形貌和光学性质进行表征和测试。结果表明:所制备的ZnO薄膜均为六方形纤锌矿结构,结晶程度随退火温度的升高逐渐提高,薄膜透光性能良好,当退火温度低于500℃时,ZnO薄膜在见光区的平均透过率在70%以上。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备ZnO薄膜的晶粒定向生长与光学性质

采用溶胶一凝胶法在普通化玻片上制备出高C轴择优取向的ZnO薄膜,深入研究了溶胶浓度、甩膜层数、退火温度对薄膜相结构、晶粒定向生长和紫外光吸收与可见光透射特性的影响.实验发现,在300～600℃退火范围之内,随着退火温度的升高,薄膜晶粒生长取向性增强,晶粒尺寸增大;用Zn含量为0.5mol/L的溶胶使用旋涂法甩膜和经过预热处理的5层膜再经过550℃退火1h后所形成的薄膜晶粒沿C轴高度择优取向,结构系数Tc(002)达到5.1,该薄膜的平均透射率为90%.     

退火温度对sol-gel制备的ZnO薄膜的结构影响

采用sol-gel旋涂法在抛光硅〈111〉晶面生长了高度C轴取向的ZnO薄膜。DSC以及XRD测试结果显示此溶胶系统的最佳退火温度为450℃左右,更高的退火温度将对薄膜的择优取向产生不利的影响。SEM显示薄膜表面致密、均匀、光滑,组成薄膜的颗粒尺寸在50～100nm,并显示出良好的C轴择优取向。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备c轴取向生长ZnO薄膜

采用sol-gel法,在普通载玻片上使用旋转涂覆技术生长了具有c轴择优取向生长的ZnO薄膜.采用热分析、XRD、SEM等手段对薄膜样品进行了表征.热分析结果表明,二水醋酸锌-乙醇胺-乙二醇甲醚体系sol-gel的热分解过程与纯二水合乙酸锌的分解过程大相径庭.ZnO薄膜的sol-gel分解趋于在较窄的温度范围内一步完成.样品在XRD图谱中表现出明显的c轴择优取向.此外,SEM照片也表明:ZnO薄膜样品中间区域和边缘区域的表面形貌相差甚远.探讨了预热处理温度、退火温度等工艺条件对ZnO薄膜的结构性能的影响,最佳的预热处理温度被认为在ZnO相完全生成温度附近.     

电子束退火法制备ZnO薄膜

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备出ZnO的凝胶前驱膜,用电子束退火取代传统炉子退火,对前驱膜进行后处理,退火时固定电子束加速电压为10kV,退火时间为5min,调节聚焦束流和电子束束流,使退火温度在600~900℃范围内变化。扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和压电力显微镜(PFM)的测试结果表明,运用电子束退火法可制备出晶粒尺寸小于30nm、沿(002)择优取向、具有压电效应的六方ZnO薄膜,且随着退火温度的升高,晶粒尺寸逐渐变大,薄膜的结晶性和取向变好,压电效应越来越明显。     

衬底温度对Sn掺杂ZnO薄膜结构、电学和光学性能的影响

采用射频磁控溅射技术在石英衬底上制备了掺杂浓度为0.5％(原子分数)的ZnO∶Sn(TZO)薄膜,研究了不同衬底温度下薄膜的结构、形貌、电学和光学的性能.研究发现,TZO薄膜沿着C轴择优生长,在400℃时结晶度最好,最低电阻率为2.619×10-2Ω·cm,在可见光范围内具有较好的透光率.     

掺杂Nd对ZnO电子结构和光学性质的影响

研究分析了Nd掺杂对ZnO体系的电子结构和光学性质的影响;根据密度泛函理论(DFT),采用第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,对Nd掺杂的ZnO晶体结构进行几何优化,并计算体系的能带结构、总态密度、分波态密度、光学性质;结果表明,掺杂后体系晶格常数增大,带隙变宽,费米能级进入导带,介电常数、吸收系数发生较大变化;Nd是一种有效的ZnO体系施主掺杂元素;Nd的掺入提高了ZnO体系的导电性能,改善了光学性能。     

退火温度对ZnO:Al透明导电薄膜结构和性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)在普通载玻片上制备了ZnO∶Al薄膜,在200～600℃下退火.利用XRD、紫外-可见光-近红外分光光度计和电阻测试仪等分析方法研究了不同退火温度对薄膜结构和光电性能的影响.结果表明,退火温度在300℃以上,薄膜开始结晶,400℃以上,薄膜出现明显结晶,且沿(002)方向择优取向,随着退火温度升高,(002)峰的强度逐渐增强,晶粒尺寸逐渐增加;薄膜在可见光范围内的透过率均＞85%以上,退火温度高的薄膜在可见光范围内的透过率明显提高,光学带隙在3.32～3.54eV,且随着温度的升高而降低;薄膜的电阻率随退火温度的增高而有所降低,但是仍较高,在103俜cm量级.     

ZnMgS多晶薄膜的结构和光学性质

本文介绍了对真空蒸发制备的多组ZnxMg1-xS多晶薄膜的研究，用X射线能量色散谱仪（EDS）测定几组ZnxMg1-xS薄膜样品的成分后，由原子力显微镜（AFM）和X射线衍射（XRD）测试结果表明：薄膜晶体生长形貌和结晶性良好，为闪锌矿结构；对ZnxMg1-xS薄膜的紫外吸收分析表明，薄膜在345nm-275nm处形成陡峭的吸收边，在波长小于275nm的紫外区有强烈的吸收；光致发光谱中发光中心波长在可见光区紫光范围约为401nm～395nm之间。同时随着Mg含量的增加。样品的（111）峰位向大角度方向移动，吸收边和发光峰的蓝移也增加。蓝移说明了带隙的展宽。显示了其作为短波光电器件材料和拓展紫外发光器件的研制领域的潜力。     

不同衬底上低温生长的ZnO晶体薄膜的结构及光学性质比较

采用电子束反应蒸发方法,在单晶Si(001)及玻璃衬底上低温外延生长了沿c轴高度取向的单晶ZnO薄膜,并对沉积的ZnO晶体薄膜的结构和光学性质进行了分析比较。通过对ZnO薄膜的X射线衍射(XRD)分析及光致荧光激发谱(PLE)测量,研究了衬底材料结构特性、生长温度及反应气氛中充O     

Preparation and properties of ZnO thin films deposited by sol-gel technique

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited on (100) Si substrates by sol-gel technique. Zinc acetate was used as the precursor material. The effect of different annealing atmospheres and annealing temperatures on composition, structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films was investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and photoluminescence (PL), respectively. At an annealing temperature of 400°C in N₂ for 2 h, dried gel films were propitious to undergo structural relaxation and grow ZnO grains. ZnO thin film annealed at 400°C in N₂ for 2 h exhibited the optimal structure and PL property, and the grain size and the lattice constants of the film were calculated (41.6 nm, a = 3.253 ? and c = 5.210 ?). Moreover, a green emission around 495 nm was observed in the PL spectra owing to the oxygen vacancies located at the surface of ZnO grains. With increasing annealing temperature, both the amount of the grown ZnO and the specific surface area of the grains decrease, which jointly weaken the green emission. Translated from Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Science), 2006, 42(1): 67–71 [译自: 兰州大学学报 (自然科学版)]     

铝掺杂氧化锌薄膜的光学性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在玻璃基底上制备了掺杂不同质量分数Al的ZnO薄膜,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见光谱仪(UV-Vis)、光致发光光谱(PL)等方法测试和分析了不同Al掺杂浓度对ZnO薄膜的形貌结构、光学性能影响。结果表明,Al的掺杂引起了晶体生长过程中择优取向的改变,掺杂ZnO薄膜的表面颗粒随Al掺杂量的增加而增大,可见光范围内的平均透射率78%,光致发光光谱分析表明,纯的ZnO薄膜有很强的紫外发光,而随Al的质量分数的增加,紫外发光强度迅速下降。     

退火气氛对Al-F共掺杂ZnO透明导电薄膜性能的影响

通过溶胶．凝胶法，采用Al、F共掺杂的方法在4种不同的气氛下制备ZnO薄膜，研究了薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌、电阻率和透光性随退火气氛的变化关系．制备的Al：F：ZnO薄膜是具有六角纤锌矿结构的多晶薄膜．4种退火气氛相比，在空气气氛下退火时，平均晶粒尺寸最大，为43．4nm，导电性能最好，电阻率可低达6．5×10^-2Ω·cm。4种退火气氛下，薄膜在可见光范围内的平均透过率均达到了75％以上，其中，空气气氛下退火时薄膜的透光性最好。     

Effect of surfactant on the physical properties of ZnO nanorods and the performance of ZnO photoelectrochemical cell

The performance of photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) strongly depends on the physical properties of photovoltaic material. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) surfactants were used to modify the morphology nanostructure of ZnO films by a simple technique, namely, ammonia-assisted controlled hydrolysis technique during their growth process. The film treated with PVP, CTAB and HMT produce the nanostructure shape of nanoflower, nanowire and nanorod (NR), respectively. These ZnO samples were utilised as photovoltaic materials in a PEC of FTO (fluorine tin oxide)/ZnO/electrolyte/platinum. It was found that the photovoltaic parameters such as short-circuit current density (J_sc), open-circuit voltage (V_oc) and fill factor (FF) are influenced by the morphology in term of shape and particle size and optical property of the ZnO NR. The PEC utilising the ZnO sample treated with HMT surfactant demonstrated the highest J_sc of 0.47 mAcm^?2, V_oc of 0.46 V, FF of 29.2% and η of 0.06%, respectively, since it possesses the lowest energy gap.     

Influence of cobalt doping on the crystalline structure, optical and mechanical properties of ZnO thin films

Uniform and transparent thin films of Zn_1 − xCo_xO (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) were fabricated by sol-gel spin coating technique. Co addition up to x = 0.075, led to refinement in structure and improvement in film quality together with average grain size reduction from 17 nm in undoped ZnO to 15 nm with x = 0.05 and 12 nm with x = 0.10 Co additions. For x ≥ 0.035, CoO (cubic) was detected as the secondary phase. Influence of Co addition on the volume fraction of grain boundaries has been interpreted. Increase in Co content in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10 led to quenching of near-band edge and blue emissions, decrease in band gap energy (E_g) from 3.36 eV to 3.26 eV, decrease in film thickness and refractive index and an increase in extinction coefficient of Zn_1 − xCo_xO thin films. The change in nature of stress from compressive to tensile with lower to higher doping of Co is corroborative with the angular peak shift of (002) plane of ZnO lattice. An overall increase in microhardness of Zn_1 − xCo_xO thin films up to x = 0.05 is attributed to change in microstructure and evolution of secondary phase and as the secondary phase separates out the overall stress is released leading to lowering of hardness after this concentration. Hall-Petch behavior is also studied and found to obey until x = 0.05, however, considerable deviation after this dopant concentration is attributed to the increase in the volume fraction of grain boundaries, which results from the secondary phase separation from this dopant concentration.     

Influence of sputtering parameters on crystalline structure of ZnO thin films

The relations between the sputtering parameters and the crystalline microstructure of ZnO thin films are presented. The energetic bombardment of substrate by neutral atoms, ions and electrons during sputtering is characterized by total energy flux density which affects the film. This parameter can be estimated by RF power, substrate bias voltage and concentration of reactive gases. Substrate temperature and total energy flux density are the major parameters which have a significant influence on ZnO thin film crystalline structure.     

ZnO∶Al薄膜制备及光电性能研究

利用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃基板上制备了Al/Zn原子掺杂比例为0～0.25的掺铝氧化锌(ZnO∶Al或AZO)薄膜,随后分别将其在空气,氧气和氮气3种不同气氛中退火处理,研究了薄膜的光学、电学与结构方面的性质.X射线衍射分析表明AZO薄膜是具有c轴择优取向的六方纤锌矿结构多晶体;通过紫外-可见光分光计测定表明该薄膜在可见光范围内具有>80%的高透过率,随着铝掺杂比例的增大光学能隙增大且吸收边向短波方向移动.     

Effect of annealing treatment on structural, electrical, and optical properties of Ga-doped ZnO thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering

The effect of annealing on structural, electrical, and optical properties of Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering was investigated in air and nitrogen. GZO films are polycrystalline with a preferred 002 orientation. The resistivities of annealed films are larger than the as-deposited. The transmittance in the near IR region increases greatly and the optical band gap decreases after annealing. The photoluminescence spectra is composed of a near band edge emission and several deep level emissions (DLE) which are dominated by a blue emission. After annealing, these DLEs are enhanced evidently.     

O2气流量对MOCVD法生长ZnO薄膜性质的影响

采用低压MOCVD方法,在(0001)Al2O3衬底上沉积了ZnO薄膜.研究了Ⅵ族源O2气流量的变化对薄膜结构、表面形貌及光致发光特性的影响.增加O2气流量,ZnO薄膜结晶质量有所降低,半高宽从0.20°展宽至0.30°,由单一c轴取向变成无取向薄膜.同时,生成的柱状晶粒平均尺寸减少,晶粒更加均匀,均方根粗糙度减小.PL谱分析表明随O2气流量加大,带边峰明显增强,深能级峰明显减弱,ZnO薄膜光学质量提高.这些事实说明在本实验条件下,采用低压MOCVD方法生长的ZnO薄膜在光致发光特性主要依赖于Zn、O组份配比,而不是薄膜的微观结构质量.