用于锂离子电池的复合隔膜

为改善锂离子电池隔膜的耐热安全性,对用于锂离子电池的ZrTiO4/PP陶瓷聚烯烃复合隔膜进行了开发研究,得到的复合膜具有高的多孔性和良好的液体电解液湿润性。膜中陶瓷具有两性特征,将电解液中的酸性副产物HF消耗掉,而HF作为现在锂离子电池所用电解液中的副产物不可避免。复合膜用于制备锂离子电池不仅具有优良的容量保持性、高温安全性,且显示出良好的倍率放电性。     

无纺布基PVDF膜的制备及亲液性能研究

为提高锂离子电池隔膜的亲液性和耐温性,提高锂离子电池的综合性能,采用涂覆方法制备PVDF-无纺布复合隔膜,并对隔膜进行碱处理改性。结果表明,所制备复合膜表面具有发达的海绵状孔道结构,孔径约为2μm。改性后的隔膜对电解液具有良好的亲和性,电解液接触角由PP无纺布的140°降低至40°,吸液率由最初的70%提高到约300%,而复合膜自身的形貌和结构没有发生明显变化。改性后的隔膜对电解液具有更好的吸附作用,由于吸附更多的电解液,锂离子在膜层中的传递阻力更小。因此,改性后的复合膜装配的锂离子电池显示出优良的电池容量保持性。     

一种用于锂离子电池的无机复合隔膜

为了替代传统的聚烯烃微孔膜,对用于锂离子电池的Al₂O₃/SiO₂/PAN (聚丙烯腈)复合隔膜进行了研究。复合膜具有高度多孔性和良好液体电解液湿润性。由于高的毛细吸附作用,通过吸附液态电解液,膜极易传导锂离子。膜中Al₂O₃/SiO₂的两性特征,将电解液中的酸性HF(氟化氢)消耗掉,而HF作为现在锂离子电池所用电解液中的杂质是不可避免的。复合膜作为隔膜制备的碳/正极材料锂离子电池不仅具有优良的容量保持性、高温安全性,也显示出良好的倍率放电性和耐过充电保护性能。     

沸石基锂离子电池隔膜的制备及性能

针对传统聚烯烃类锂电隔膜的耐温性差和电解液亲和性差的问题,以沸石粒子、硅溶胶和乙二胺四乙酸为主要原料,通过烧结工艺制备综合性能优异的沸石基锂离子电池隔膜。结果表明:与商用聚乙烯膜相比,本实验制备的沸石隔膜具有发达的孔道结构,其耐热性和电解液润湿性得到显著提升;经过160℃,0.5h的热处理后,沸石隔膜的热收缩率为0,而聚乙烯膜已经完全融化,沸石隔膜的电解液接触角接近0°,聚乙烯膜的接触角高达35°。受益于良好的孔道结构和电解液亲和性,沸石隔膜所装配电池在倍率放电容量和循环放电容量等方面均优于传统聚烯烃膜。     

动力/储能锂离子电池隔膜制备先进技术及研究进展

锂离子电池主要由电极、隔膜、电解液三大部分构成。其中隔膜作为电池的关键部件之一,极大地影响着电池的综合性能。商业聚烯烃隔膜由于润湿性与耐温性差、孔隙率低等缺点,很难满足高性能锂离子电池隔膜的要求。因此,隔膜的制备技术与材料急需进行深入的研究与探索。本文从近期隔膜的研究热点出发,分别从商业聚烯烃隔膜的改性、静电纺丝法及相分离法制备等方面对动力/储能锂离子电池隔膜最新研究成果进行综述,并指出了未来隔膜的发展方向。     

无机涂层改善锂离子电池聚烯烃隔膜性能研究

为了提高锂离子电池用聚烯烃微孔膜的综合性能, 在商用Celgard膜表面涂布ZrO₂无机涂层, 粘结剂选用电池用聚偏氟乙烯。对比分析涂覆前后的隔膜发现, ZrO₂涂层可以显著提高Celgard膜的热尺寸稳定性和热熔化温度, 对提高锂离子电池安全性起到积极作用。同时无机涂层还能明显改善隔膜对电解液的浸润性, 复合隔膜具有更好的保液能力, 以涂有ZrO₂涂层的Celgard膜作为隔膜组装锂离子电池,可以显著提高长期充放电循环时电池容量保持率。     

锂离子电池隔膜用非织造材料研究进展

电池隔膜是锂离子电池的核心组件之一,随着锂离子电池的发展而逐渐完善、创新。由于商品化程度最高的聚烯烃类微孔膜受到性能限制,亟需开发新的工艺制备综合性能优异的电池隔膜,优化隔膜的产业结构。综述了近年来使用非织造技术制备的锂离子电池隔膜,包括熔喷法、纺粘法、湿法非织造工艺及静电纺丝法,评价电池隔膜的性能及制备工艺,列举针对各个制备工艺获得的隔膜的改性方法,对锂离子电池隔膜的发展方向做出了设想与展望。     

锂离子电池用聚合物隔膜研究进展

锂离子电池具有轻巧、能量密度高、循环寿命长等优点,广泛用于便携式电子设备、电动汽车以及能量存储领域.隔膜作为锂离子电池的关键部件之一,承担着隔离正负极以防止电池短路、为锂离子自由穿梭提供通道的作用,决定了电池的安全性和电化学性能.常用的聚烯烃类隔膜具有良好的力学性能、化学稳定性及低廉的成本,但受自身耐热性差、电解液吸收...     

聚偏氟乙烯-沸石复合锂电隔膜的制备及性能

针对传统聚烯烃类锂离子电池隔膜的耐温性差和电解液亲和性差的问题,本实验以微孔沸石纳米粒子和聚偏氟乙烯树脂(PVDF)为主要原料,通过相转化法制备了综合性能优异的沸石/PVDF复合锂电隔膜。结果表明:与商用聚乙烯(PE)膜相比,所制备的沸石/PVDF复合隔膜具有更加发达的孔道结构,其孔隙率超过70%,约为PE膜的2倍。沸石/PVDF复合膜的耐高温性和电解液润湿性明显优于PE膜和纯PVDF膜,经过160℃、0.5h的高温处理后,复合膜的热收缩率仅为5%,而PE膜已完全融化,收缩率达到100%,PVDF膜收缩率超过50%;沸石/PVDF复合膜的电解液接触角仅为7.4°,而PE膜和PVDF膜的接触角高达42.5°和31.7°。受益于丰富的孔道结构和良好的电解液吸收/保持能力,沸石/PVDF复合膜所装配锂离子电池的倍率放电容量高于PE膜,同时,该复合膜装配电池的循环性能也优于传统聚乙烃隔膜。     

聚苯醚纳米纤维锂电隔膜的制备

为了改善锂离子电池的高温安全性和充放电性能,以聚苯醚树脂为成膜材料,采用静电纺丝技术制备了纳米纤维锂电隔膜,对隔膜的形貌、结构、电解液亲和性和耐高温性进行了系统测试,并将该纳米纤维膜装配到电池中进行充放电性能测试。结果显示:聚苯醚隔膜的纳米纤维直径约为260nm,纤维交错形成均匀的孔道(平均孔径约500nm),其孔隙率达到74%以上,为聚烯烃隔膜的2倍左右;聚苯醚树脂的电解液亲和性和高孔隙率强化了隔膜的电解液吸收和保持能力,其吸液率约为310%;在150℃,60min的热处理条件下,该隔膜的尺寸收缩率几乎为零。电池性能测试表明,聚苯醚基纳米纤维膜显示出更优的放电倍率性能和循环性能。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.