表面活性剂在石油污染治理中的应用

综述了当前表面活性剂在石油污染土壤治理中应用成果及研究现状，并讨论了今后的应用前景。     

有机物污染土壤表面活性剂-微生物联合修复技术研究

石油烃类有机污染物会对生态环境以及土壤造成比较严重的污染,因此,为了最大限度地降低土壤中有机污染物的质量分数,室内通过大量实验研制了一种适合有机物污染土壤的表面活性剂-微生物联合修复技术,即首先通过表面活性剂对有机污染物进行清洗,再通过微生物的降解作用进一步降低其中的有机污染物质量分数.结果表明:当表面活性剂质量分数为...     

表面活性剂在微生物降解石油中的应用研究进展

石油污染日益严重,利用微生物降解石油是一种经济有效的石油污染治理方法.石油中低水溶性、强吸附性的组分,不利于微生物降解,添加表面活性剂是提高石油生物可利用性的常用方法.综述了近年来表面活性剂在石油的微生物降解中的应用研究进展,分析了选择合适的表面活性剂时应考虑的因素.     

表面活性剂在石油烃污染土壤修复中的应用研究进展

表面活性剂可促进石油烃从非水相液体或固相向水相迁移和溶解,已被广泛用于石油烃污染土壤的增效修复.阐述了表面活性剂的作用机理,综述了非离子、阴离子、生物和混合表面活性剂等的特点及其在石油烃污染土壤修复中的应用研究进展,分析了表面活性剂性能的影响因素以及表面活性剂的环境风险.     

螯合型表面活性剂修复石油-镉复合污染土壤研究

针对石化类污染场地普遍存在的石油与重金属复合污染问题,利用螯合型表面活性剂N-acyl ED3A开展石油-Cd复合污染土壤修复研究。结果表明,淋洗液pH是影响石油增溶、Cd螯合效果的主要因素,Cd螯合反应平衡时间(90 min)显著短于石油增溶平衡时间(12 h)。最佳淋洗条件下石油和Cd的同步洗脱效率分别达到50. 8%和56. 4%,但洗脱动力学过程存在差异与洗脱效率及洗脱平衡时间差异和共存于土壤时的交互作用有关。石油和Cd污染物主要存在于黏粒组分,占比分别达64. 5%和55. 3%,土壤黏粒组分占比高、洗脱效率低(石油为31. 6%、Cd为34. 4%)是影响整体修复效率的主要原因。     

表面活性剂在污染土壤修复中的应用

表面活性剂因其对疏水有机污染物有增溶和洗脱作用,在土壤有机污染修复/缓解中具有巨大的应用潜力.介绍了表面活性剂的增溶作用并对不同种类的表面活性剂在污染土壤修复中的应用现状做了综述.     

生物表面活性剂及其在石油与环保中的应用

介绍了生物表面活性剂的基本特性，类型、生产及其在石油与环境领域中的应用。     

生物表面活性剂及其在石油与环保中的应用

介绍了生物表面活性剂的基本特性、类型、生产及其在石油与环境领域中的应用     

表面活性剂的生态安全性

在染料与有机颜料制造过程中,表面活性剂的添加可以帮助反应中间体润湿、分散、促进反应的安全,在后处理过程中也起到重要的作用,但必需十分注意表面活性剂的生态安全性。该文就表面活性剂的安全性,包括急性毒性。亚急性和陵性毒性、对皮肤和眼睛的刺激性、以及包括水生物毒性在内的表面活性剂生态性,尤其是对生物降解性的概念作了较详细的解说,并辅以一些数据加以说明,以利于表面活性剂的选用。     

Effect of vegetable oil addition on bioaccessibility and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in historically contaminated soils

BACKGROUND: Bioaccessibility is often the limiting factor for the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in soils. The present study explores the potential of amending canola oil, an economically and ecologically attractive soil additive, for the enhancement of bioaccessibility and, in consequence, biodegradation of PAH in historically contaminated, bioaccessibility limited soils. RESULTS: The amendment of canola oil (1% and 5%, w/w) to contaminated soils increased the bioaccessibility and the subsequent biodegradation of PAH with up to four rings. Residual concentrations of pyrene and fluoranthene in oil‐treated soils were 38–53% lower compared to the unamended tests. The continuous removal of bioaccessible PAH with a passive sampling system confirmed that oil amendment indeed increased bioaccessibility, leading to a lower non‐accessible PAH fraction. Canola oil amendment did, by contrast, not increase the bioaccessibility of high molecular weight PAH, likely due to their strong binding to soil organic carbon compounds. CONCLUSION: Canola oil can be used efficiently in low concentrations to render PAH up to four rings accessible for biodegradation in historically contaminated soils. Contaminants remaining in soil after treatment may pose a significantly lowered environmental risk, as is indicated by the lack of mobilisation by a solubilising agent such as canola oil. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

可聚合表面活性剂及其乳液聚合

本文介绍了乳化剂在乳液聚合中的作用，可聚合表面活性剂的典型品种，特性及在乳液聚合中的影响。     

几种表面活性剂在香精产品中的应用

本文阐述了几种表面活性剂在香精中应用的调配研究过程以及期间出现的不同现象,并对其进行了对比、比较.细述了这几种表面活性剂在应用过程中所出现的不同特征.     

The Effect of Flocculants and Surfactants on the Filtration Dewatering of Iron Ore Fines

Abstract

The filtration and separation characteristics of iron ore fines have been investigated. The experimental work included: characterization, evaluation of suitable flocculants to enhance settling and dewatering rate, determination of optimum dosages of flocculants, and influence of surfactants on nitration dewatering of both flocculated and unflocculated iron ore fines by vacuum filtration. The results showed that 1) the settling rate can be enhanced many-fold (from 2.52 to 90 m/h) by a suitable flocculant, 2) the residual filter cake moisture content can be reduced from 18.2% without reagents to 12.6% with suitable surfactant dewatering aids while the filtration rate can be enhanced from 4.8 to 97.2 L/h with suitable dewatering filter aids, and 3) the specific cake resistance to filtration can be brought down from 8.6 × 10⁹ to 1.0 × 10⁹ m/kg by using a surfactant sodium petroleum sulfonate at a concentration of 1.47 × 10^?3 kg/t. The economics of using flocculant filter aids and surfactant dewatering aids before thermal drying is described and discussed.     

Effect of Surfactants on Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles (NZVI) Reactivity

Zero‐valent iron nanoparticles (NZVI) were synthesized and dispersed in solutions of sodium oleate (SO), sodium laurate (SL), sodium dodecyl phosphonate (SDP), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The reactivity of these dispersions was evaluated to assess the impact of surfactants on the reduction rate of hydrophilic reactive black 5 (RB5) and hydrophobic carbon tetrachloride (CT) model contaminants. SO and SL, used at their critical micelle concentration (CMC), lowered the reduction rate of RB5 by two and three orders of magnitude, respectively. SO and SL also decreased the reduction rate of CT by up to one order of magnitude. SDS and SDP, at their CMC, decreased the reduction rate of RB5 by approximately 50‐fold, but increased the reduction rate of CT. The decrease in RB5 reduction rate might be explained by the formation of adsorbed surfactant species on the surface of NZVI that could hinder the transport of RB5 and other hydrophilic species. For SO and SL, the inhibition of RB5 and CT reduction might also be explained by the binding of carboxylates to NZVI. The increase in CT reduction rate with SDS and SDP suggests that providing a non‐binding lipophilic environment on the surface of NZVI would improve the reduction rate and selectivity towards the reduction of hydrophobic contaminants.     

淀粉基表面活性剂烷基糖苷的研究

论述了新型淀粉基表面活性剂烷基糖苷的合成方法及性能，利用天然原料淀粉在酸催化剂的存在下，直接与低碳醇进行转糖苷化反应合成烷基糖苷。     

磷酸酯类表面活性剂

叙述了磷酸酯类表面活性剂的特性及应用领域。介绍了国外磷酸酯类表面活性剂的发展动态。     

家用洗涤剂用表面活性剂展望

介绍了日用化学品中,国内外家用洗涤剂用表面活性剂的产量和品种,我国开发使用现状,安全和环境要求及产品发展展望。