The KrF Direct Drive Fusion Concept

In collaboration with other laboratories, we are beginning a program to study and demonstrate the scientific, technical and economic feasibility of power production using laser fusion. The program, based on the development of a high average power Krypton Fluoride laser, is described in this paper.     

Design and construction of a compact portable pulsed power generator

The low impedance compact pulsed power generators are considered as potential drivers for X-pinch based phase contrast imaging and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source for lithography. The designed pulsed power generator should provide square-like wave on low impedance load (1-2 Ω) with current amplitude of 100 kA in burst mode. The pulse width of the current wave is 60 ns, and the rise time of the wave should be less than 30 ns. The dimensions of the machine are restricted to be no larger than ∼2 × 1 × 1.5 m, according to the specific potential application of the machine. We adopted a solution based on Marx generator combined with low impedance pulse forming line and V/N type gas switch technology to obtain the required high intensity and fast rise-time current wave. Special efforts have been made to reduce the inductance of V/N switch and low impedance load section, and thus to obtain fast rise time and high peak current, during both physical and mechanical design stages. The high power transient signal diagnostic system, consisting of a capacitive voltage divider and a metal film based current monitor, and the calibration of the diagnostic system are also outlined.     

大功率、高均匀度电子束扫描仪电路

本文提出了二种结构新型的大功率电子束扫描电路,能够将扫描均匀度提高到90％以上。可用于能量20MeV以下的各种电子束加速器。     

激光偏振方向对强脉冲激光加速电子的影响

通过对电子在线偏振脉冲激光场的非弹性散射过程的3D计算模拟,研究了电子在强激光场中非弹性散射及加速效应与激光偏振方向之间的变化规律。结果发现,在激光场强Q0＜10时,电子的最大出射能量几乎与激光的偏振方向无关,这与传统的有质动力势模型一致;在Q0＝10时,电子的最大出射能量开始敏感于激光的偏振方向;当Q0＞10时,电子的出射能量非常敏感于激光的偏振方向,这与传统的有质动力势模型相违。实验结果对于研究激光对电子的加速效应和未来激光加速器的设计有重要意义。     

Diode-Pumped Solid-State Lasers for Inertial Fusion Energy

We have begun building the Mercury laser system as the first in a series of new generation diode-pumped solid-state lasers for inertial fusion research. Mercury will integrate three key technologies: diodes, crystals, and gas cooling, within a unique laser architecture that is scalable to kilojoule and megajoule energy levels for fusion energy applications. The primary near-term performance goals include 10% electrical efficiencies at 10 Hz and 100J with a 2–10 ns pulse length at 1.047 m wavelength. When completed, Mercury will allow rep-rated target experiments with multiple chambers for high energy density physics research.     

高功率KrF准分子激光光束平滑技术实验研究

均匀辐照是束靶相互作用实验的首要条件。采用无阶梯诱导空间非相干(EFISI)光束平滑技术对KrF准分子激光光束进行平滑实验研究,初步得到了带宽Δλ为4×10-10m、相干时间tc为0.5ps、不均匀性小于12%的光束空间分布。     

Report on the Fifth Symposium on Current Trends in International Fusion Research

The Fifth Symposium on Current Trends in International Fusion Research was held on 24–29 March 2003 in Washington, USA in co-operation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Well-known scientists in their field of interest in fusion research were invited to present review papers. The presentations covered a broad range of fusion topics, including inertial confinement fusion, electrostatic confinement, various magnetic confinement schemes, and hybrid schemes. Each session chairman composed a session report, which John Pucadyil used to create this Report on the Fifth Symposium.     

激光惯性约束聚变中的氘,氚核自旋极化方法

介绍了激光惯性约束聚变（ＬＩＣＦ）中的氘（Ｄ）、氚（Ｔ）热核燃料核自旋极化的基本原理，综述了这一课题的进展情况。讨论了动态核极化理论在氘氚（ＤＴ）核极化中的固体效应、自旋温度效应以及速率方程，并说明了在激光惯性约束聚变反应堆研究中采用极化的氘氚热核燃料所带来的利益，提出了今后该课题将继续研究的几个问题。     

Critical elements of high gain laser fusion

Progress toward high laser fusion can be measured by a set of five critical elements. They are: (1) the laser-to-fuel coupling efficiency, (2) the cold fuel isentrope, (3) the implosion symmetry, (4) the ablation pressure, and (5) the ignition concept.     

A high power MOPA free—electron laser with narrow line—width

A new kind of MOPA configuration to obtain a high power free-electron laser with very narrow line-width that can satisfy the requirements of some applications such as the laser isotope separation has been proposed.which is investigated by onedimension simulations.     

质子治疗装置脉冲电源研制

上海质子治疗装置项目中质子注入系统凸轨磁铁需要脉冲电源励磁,要求两台电源脉冲峰值幅度可调和波形一致,且运行可靠。本文介绍了凸轨磁铁脉冲电源的设计和测试。脉冲电源电路采用LC串联谐振作为脉冲成形发生电路,电路设计可调电感用于调整波形脉宽。晶闸管为电流开关,快恢复二极管串联晶闸管弥补大功率晶闸管的关断延迟和下冲,并增加饱和电抗器抑制励磁电流反向电流尖峰。测试结果表明,当励磁电流峰值为3 732 A时,励磁电流触发抖动小于±25 ns,励磁电流峰值重复稳定度小于0.1%,反向电流尖峰下降为峰值电流的3.75%,快恢复二极管和饱和电感器对抑制励磁电流反冲的效果明显,满足了设计要求。     

Influence of Capsule Offset on Radiation Asymmetry in Shenguang-Ⅱ Laser Facility

The re-emitted images of the frame camera indicated that the high-Z(Bi) capsule deviated about 29 μm from the center of the hohlraum in experiments at the Shenguang-II(SG-II)laser facility; however, investigations on this issue have seldom been performed. The influence of three dimensional offsets of a capsule on its radiation asymmetry in inertial confinement fusion(ICF) will be analyzed in this paper. Simulations demonstrate that the axial offset of 100 μm of a capsule from the center of the hohlraum brings an additional 3.5% radiation drive asymmetry and 6.5% P_1 asymmetry(Legendre odd model) on the capsule in the SG-II laser facility, and the offset must be within 25 μm if the P_1 asymmetry is restricted to below 2%.     

8-羟基喹啉铝/酞菁/聚苯乙烯平面靶的激光烧蚀特性

新型高效靶丸结构设计中,内爆靶表面引入某些有机双层薄膜结构可使部分能量沿薄膜的平面传输,使其对称压缩靶丸,实现高效的内爆。文章在PS平面靶表面蒸镀双层功能薄膜,薄膜为8-羟基喹啉铝(Alq₃)/酞菁(H₂Pc)或苯并咪唑苝(PV)/H₂Pc。并对其进行了荧光光谱分析和激光烧蚀实验。研究表明：双层薄膜Alq₃/H₂Pc和PV/H₂Pc产生很强的荧光淬灭;由于该结构横向传输载流子的光电特性,Alq₃/H₂Pc和PV/H₂Pc在很大程度上减弱了PS薄膜的烧蚀,且烧蚀面积分别为无涂层PS薄膜烧蚀面积的8倍和3倍。为新型高效惯性约束聚变靶的设计开发提供了一种新颖的靶丸结构。     

Effective electromagnetic shielding with multi-layer structure material on Shenguang laser facility

Electromagnetic pulses(EMPs)with high intensity and frequency bandwidth can be generated during the intensive laser irradiating solid targets in inertial confinement fusion(ICF).To shield the EMPs radiation and hence protect various diagnostics in and outside the target chamber,we designed a multi-layer structure material to shield the EMFs and demonstrate experimentally and numerically shielding performance of the material structure.The thickness of the multi-layer structure material has a great influence on the EMPs shielding.It is shown that,with the increase of the material thickness,the better shielding performance is obtained,and the material structure with polytetrafluoroethyIene of 0.5 mm,copper of 0.4 mm and lead of 2.4 mm reduces 448 times compared the maximum value of EMPs voltage to that without shielded.The design of multilayer structure material for EMPs shielding provides a promising way to reduce EMPs radiation,which is extremely useful for the diagnostics protection and signal processing in ICF.     

CPLD和单片机在脉冲磁铁开关电源中的应用

介绍一种利用可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)和单片机相结合的技术而开发的高性能脉冲电源控制系统。     

2002 Fusion Summer Study Executive Summary

The 2002 Fusion Summer Study was conducted July 8–19, 2002, in Snowmass, CO, and carried out a critical assessment of major next steps in the fusion energy sciences program in both magnetic fusion energy (MFE) and inertial fusion energy (IFE). The conclusions of this study were based on analysis led by over 60 conveners working with hundreds of members of the fusion energy sciences community extending over eight months. This effort culminated in two weeks of intense discussion by over 250 U.S. and 30 foreign fusion physicists and engineers present at the 2002 Fusion Summer Study. This is the Executive Summary of the study report. Details are posted at http://web.gat.com/snowmass     

聚苯乙烯/Al双介质调制靶的研制

介绍了用于流体力学不稳定性实验的聚苯乙烯（CH）/Al双介质调制靶的制备方法。采用激光微加工工艺在50 μm厚Al箔表面制备了调制周期为55 μm、峰谷差为4.7 μm的调制图形;采用旋涂工艺在Al箔表面制备了20 μm厚CH薄膜,经过后期的微切割、微装配工艺,得到了宽度为200 μm、总厚度为70 μm的CH/Al双介质调制靶。该靶型于2010年在“神光-Ⅱ”激光装置中进行了流体力学不稳定性实验。     

Electromagnetic Pulses Generated From Laser Target Interactions at Shenguang Ⅱ Laser Facility

Significant electromagnetic pulses(EMP) can be generated by the intensive laser irradiating solid targets in inertial confinement fusion(ICF). To evaluate the EMP intensity and distribution in and outside the laser chamber, we designed and fabricated a discone antenna with ultra-wide bands of over 10 GHz. The return loss(S11parameter) of this antenna was below-10 d B and could even achieve under-30 d B at 3.1 GHz. The EMP intensity in this study at80 cm and 40 cm away from the target chamber center(TCC) reached 400 k V/m and 2000 k V/m.The current results are expected to offer preliminary information to study physics regarding laser plasma interactions and will also lay experimental foundation for EMI shielding design to protect various diagnostics.     

重离子惯性约束核聚变注入器的最新进展

基于超高强流加速器轰击氘氚球靶可实现可控核聚变,但相关的装置非常庞大,以至于到目前仍不能建造。近年来,随着强流加速器技术的快速发展,尤其是激光离子源和单腔多束型加速器的发展,使得实现重离子惯性约束核聚变成为可能。本文介绍了重离子惯性约束核聚变注入器的新设计,尤其是低能段和中能段单腔多束型加速器的设计,为重离子惯性约束核聚变提供技术支持。     

Report of the FEAC Inertial Fusion Energy Review Panel: July 1996

This report presents the results and recommendations of the U. S. Department of Energy Fusion Energy Advisory Committee (FEAC) review of its Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) program. The subpanel charged with the review was chaired by John Sheffield of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The FEAC, to which the subpanel reported, was chaired by Robert Conn of the University of California at San Diego.