Key technologies of layout design of recycling plants of waste refrigerators

The present situations of waste refrigerators recycling and disposing were analyzed. Three key technologies of layout design of recycling plants of waste refrigerators were presented as follows: 1) establishment of recycling process of waste refrigerators; 2) the general plane layout of recycling plants; 3) the detailed layout of workshops of recycling plants. The focus of the three key technologies is to tackle the problem of the detailed layout ofworkshops of the recycling plants. By adopting Petri net, the model of logistics system of workshops was established and then optimized, and finally the detailed layout chart of recycling plants was gained. By adopting E-factory, the recycling plants were simulated. The results show that the method mentioned is effective.     

Evaluating the treatment of E-waste a case study of discarded refrigerators

Disassembly and recycling of E-waste creates a series of environmental problems. The selection of a technologically reliable, environmentally friendly, economically affordable and socially acceptable recycling technology for E-waste is a significant question. This study establishes a Monte-Carlo mathematical model of cost minimization, given the constraints of environmentally sound handling of the e-waste, in the context of Crystal Ball risk assessment and evaluation software. By following the streams of the different treatment processes, which consist of various technologies including disassembly, recycling and disposal, the econom-ics of various possibilities were identified and the optimal recycling technology proposed. The key factors of the proposed scenarios were determined by using sensitivity analysis. The results of this study show that, for discarded refrigerators, the operating life span plays the key role. The model supports maintenance and resale of the short lived refrigerators. For the longer lived refrigerators material recycling is recommended by the model. Sensitivity analysis shows that purchase cost, plastic sale price, condenser sale price and disassembly costs are the main effects. This study provides a significant technical support for policy making in E-waste management.     

Recycling process assessment of mechanical recycling of printed circuit board

A comprehensive assessment index system was established. The mechanical recycling process of printed circuit board was evaluated according to the comrehensive evaluation index system using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. A process assessment software system of mechanical recycling was established to evaluate different recycling technologies. And the software system was developed in the environment of VB 6.0 and Access 2000. Foundation item: Project (50375044) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; project (05021008) supported by Annual Emphasis Project of Anhui Province     

End-of-life vehicle recycling based on disassembly

The end-of-life vehicle recycling was studied based on the disassembly. The end-of-life recycling and the disassembly were reviewed and discussed. A disassembly experiment of an end-of-life engine was carried out, which strictly recorded the process of dismantling. Based on the results, a model of the end-of-life recycling was presented. In this model, the end-of-life parts were classified by three ways which included to recycle directly, to recycle after remanufacturing and to discard. By using this model, the dismantling efficiency and the recycling rate can be improved. Also, it obtains a good result after used in a dismantling factory. Foundation item: Key Project (50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

多样化逆向供应链回收模式演化博弈模型

建立中国逆向供应链回收模式演化博弈模型,讨论在市场竞争过程最终形成的4种稳定演化均衡结果.其中,大部分内陆地区的逆向供应链回收模式,采用雇佣进城务工的农村剩余劳动力从事废品回收生产,符合我国人力资源丰富的国情特征;沿海少数发达城市的逆向供应链回收模式采用雇佣专业化工人.针对沿海地区废旧钢材回收市场进行数值分析,结果表明,国有大中型企业和民营小钢铁厂均选择了家庭作坊回收模式.     

Thermodynamic calculation on the smelting slag of direct recycling of electric arc furnace stainless steelmaking dust

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废弃硒鼓资源化技术研究

硒鼓作为核心部件被广泛应用于激光打印机、复印机和传真机中。随着硒鼓的报废量逐年增大,废弃硒鼓的无害化处理和资源化利用越来越受到人们的关注。主要介绍了废弃硒鼓的材料组分、可资源化性和残留墨粉的环境危害性,总结了国内外废弃硒鼓资源化技术和特点,并提出了废弃硒鼓资源化技术中存在的问题,为未来废弃硒鼓资源化技术的改进提供建设性意见。     

Support vector machine forecasting method improved by chaotic particle swarm optimization and its application

By adopting the chaotic searching to improve the global searching performance of the particle swarm optimization (PSO), and using the improved PSO to optimize the key parameters of the support vector machine (SVM) forecasting model, an improved SVM model named CPSO-SVM model was proposed. The new model was applied to predicting the short term load, and the improved effect of the new model was proved. The simulation results of the South China Power Market’s actual data show that the new method can effectively improve the forecast accuracy by 2.23% and 3.87%, respectively, compared with the PSO-SVM and SVM methods. Compared with that of the PSO-SVM and SVM methods, the time cost of the new model is only increased by 3.15 and 4.61 s, respectively, which indicates that the CPSO-SVM model gains significant improved effects. Foundation item: Project(70572090) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Key technologies in whole lifecycle of electromechanical products: state of art

Nowadays, issues on population, environment and resource have become the world’s attentive focus. Sustainable development has been widely accepted around the world. As one of the biggest waste generator and resources consumer, manufacturing industry is facing more challenges as well as opportunities. In order to reduce both resource consuming and waste discharging effectively, traditionally manufacturing mode should be improved. Newly emerged creative technologies and strategies, including green design, green manufacturing and cleaner production, are regarded as the radical resolvent for current environment and resource issues and they will be the only way in the future that manufacturing will evolve. In this paper, a serial of research on green design/manufacturing and cleaner product theoretically and practically was presented. These creative technology and strategy will give strong support to ‘green’ the whole electromechanical designing and manufacturing processes. Foundation item: Project (2002AA421240, 2004AA420120) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China; project (50445003) the supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

废塑料的回收利用技术

系统总结了国内外废旧塑料的主要回收利用技术,针对目前我国回收处理废旧塑料的现状,指出提高分类筛选水平,吸收开发关键技术,是我国回收处理废旧塑料的必要途径.由于治理白色污染是个庞大的系统工程,政府部门须在制定法规和加强管理的同时,提高全社会的科技意识、环保意识和参与意识,这样才是减少和消除白色污染,提高资源综合利用水平的根本途径.     

废旧纺织品回收利用的再探讨——聚酯回收技术

对废旧纺织品的回收利用进行了再一次探讨,主要的内容是结合聚酯纤维及其制品的特定废旧纺织品进行了评述,提出了初级回收技术、能量回收技术、物理回收技术和化学回收技术四类主要的废旧聚酯回收再利用方法,并且探讨这四类回收技术的基本工艺及特点,为推动我国废旧纺织品的循环再利用特别是涤纶回收提供借鉴和参考。     

制革废液循环利用技术的研究进展

概述了当前制革行业污水的现状及各工序污水的特点,针对我国水资源短缺的现况和制革废水的特征,对制革的脱毛、浸灰、脱脂、浸酸、铬鞣等工序的废液循环利用进行了综合分析,认为在目前技术条件下,制革操作液的循环利用是实现清洁化生产的有效途径之一。经过废液的循环利用可以明显节约制革用水,降低化工材料消耗,减少污染治理成本。制革废液循环利用技术简单、易操作且成本较低,但是,也需要进行必要的产学研联合攻关,开发与废液循环系统配套的相关助剂、工艺技术、生产设备等,才可实现真正意义的制革操作液的有效循环使用。     

电子废弃物资源化处理技术

介绍了电子废弃物的组成及其特点,分析了其具有潜在的环境污染性和可作为再生资源进行回收利用的双重性质,对其中电子元器件的拆解技术及有价金属和塑料的资源化回收处理方法进行了详细阐述,指出了采用机械全自动或者机械半自动结合人工的拆解方法与机械物理法相结合回收其中的有价金属是当前工业上广泛采用的电子废弃物处理方法。     

典型废玻璃回收厂区空气颗粒物及噪声分布特征研究

以某典型废玻璃回收厂区作为研究对象, 监测和分析了车间及厂区内部的噪声强度、空气颗粒物(PM_2.5、PM₁₀) 浓度等环境指标, 点位布设涵盖了车间入口、人工分拣、物料筛分、破碎、干法清洗等关键工艺环节; 其次, 解析了空气颗粒物的组分及形貌特征, 并对其在厂区及车间内部的时空分布特征进行了研究; 此外, 利用噪声控制模型模拟并分析了隔声罩对噪声的控制作用。结果表明, 生产车间中工作态的空气颗粒物浓度显著高于非工作态, 其中干法清洗区浓度最高, 其PM_2.5 浓度为3.725 mg/m³, PM₁₀浓度为4.055 mg/m³; 噪声监测结果显示生产车间内噪声强度较高, 达到99.5 dB, 而引入隔声罩后噪声强度可降至67 dB, 结果表明, 隔声罩可有效控制频率为125~1 000 Hz 的噪声。该研究可为废玻璃的绿色、高效回收处置提供理论基础和实践经验。     

Sustainable manufacturing for obsolete computers based on 3R engineering

The volume tendency of in-use and end-of-life computers in China were analyzed; the emerging danger of obsolete computers by incorrect treatment was summarized; the integration disposal technologies based on 3R (recycle, remanufacture and reuse) engineering aiming at monitors, electronic devices, metals, plastics materials, and overall computers were put forward; the economic and social benefits were also analyzed. The results show that the integration disposal process of obsolete computer is an optimum approach to save the resource of electromechanical products. Remanufacturing and disposal 100 thousand obsolete computers per year can create profits about RMB10 million yuan and provide employment for 300 persons. It can be deduced that there are great potential opportunities for the obsolete computers disposal industry containing recycle, remanufacture and reuse engineering. Foundation item: Project (50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

废弃液晶显示器资源化回收技术研究进展

液晶显示器是电脑、电视和手机的重要组成部件,对废弃液晶显示器资源化回收技术的研究对于保护环境和回收其中的有价资源均具有重要的意义。综述了近年来液晶显示器中各组分进行资源化回收的主要方法,重点阐述了偏光片、玻璃基板、液晶材料及金属铟资源化回收技术的最新研究进展,分析了研究工作在当前存在的问题,并展望了其在未来的发展方向。     

Main influence factors on desulfurization of coal by sulfolobas

By orthodox experiment, the main influence factors of desulfurization by sul folobas of pH value, temperature, coal slurry concentration and coal granularity are studied in detail and the optimal experimental conditions were also obtained. The experimental results demonstrate that sul folobas being kind of linking-heat, acidophilic and self-supported bacterium with double characters can effectively remove inorganic and organic sulfur in coal. The superlatively desulfurization rate is up to 48.57% total sulfur and 41.71% inorganic sulfur within 10 d and its desulfurization rate can be greatly affected by the four factors above mentioned. Therefore, the optimum conditions of desulfurization are obtained by comprehensive experiment and they are as following: pH value 3, temperature 70°C, coal slurry concentration 10% and coal granularity 150 μm, respectively. Moreover, the repetition experimental results confirm that the desulfurization by sul folobas is steady. Foundation item: The National Advanced Technology Research and Development Project (863 Project 2002AA649220) Biography of the first author: HE De-wen, postdoctor, born in April 1968, majoring in solid waste pollution control and resource, environmental assessment and plan.     

Applied technique of the cemented fill with fly ash and fine-sands

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未来网络与工业互联网发展综述

针对废旧手机回收过程中难以精准定价的问题,提出了一种基于模糊神经网络（fuzzy neural network,FNN）的价值评估方法.首先,设计了一种基于主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）的特征提取方法,获得了影响废旧手机回收价值的关键特征变量.其次,建立了基于FNN的价值评估模型,实现了回收价值与关键特征变量之间的非线性关系描述.最后,提出了一种自适应二阶参数学习算法（adaptive second-order parameter learning algorithm,ASOPLA）,实现了价值评估模型自适应调整.将提出的价值评估方法应用于实际交易过程,结果表明,基于FNN的价值评估方法能够实现对废旧手机的准确定价.

     

Composites recycling solutions for the aviation industry

Ten of thousands of aircraft are expected to retire in the next 20 years.Aircraft manufacturers are gearing up for a new wave of recycling challenges as these aircrafts contain significant higher amount of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composite,which cannot be recycled by the conventional processes designed for metallic alloys.Aircraft manufacturers have been working with the recycling industry to limit unsustainable dismantling that is harmful to the environment and the potential liability risk of re-entry of un-certified salvaged parts back to the aviation market.An organised recycling network and procedures have already been set up for the conventional metallic alloys and will soon be required to include the composite waste.This paper reports the existing aircraft recycling practice and reviews the key recycling technologies for thermoset composites.Energy consumptions of these technologies are sought from the literature and are reported in this paper.Progress in development of reuse options for the recycled fibre is also included with discussion of their advantages and drawbacks.The challenge of working with the fluffy fibre is considered and the benefit of fibre alignment is highlighted for encouraging a widespread use of the fibre.