纳米TiO_2-UV联合(类)Fenton试剂光催化降解乐果

以悬浮态纳米TiO2-UV光催化降解乐果体系为基础,首先研究了单纯添加H2O2、Fe2+、Fe3+或Cu2+对降解过程影响,进而探讨添加Fenton或类Fenton试剂对降解过程的作用。结果表明,与单纯Fe2+或Fe3+对乐果光催化降解过程的抑制作用相比,单独添加H2O22 mmol/L或Cu2+1 mmol/L有利于反应初期(0～20 min)内乐果纳米TiO2-UV光催化降解效果的提高;与类Fenton试剂相比,纳米TiO2-UV联合Fenton试剂能够有效促进乐果的降解;当在纳米TiO2-UV光催化降解乐果体系中添加由Fe2+1 mmol/L和H2O22 mmol/L组成的Fenton试剂,并调节反应液初始pH为1时,可使20 mg/L的乐果溶液在20 min内完全降解,具有相对较高的降解效率。     

非均相Fe/Al_2O_3催化H_2O_2降解偶氮染料活性黑5

以活性氧化铝为载体,制备了Fe/Al2O3负载型催化剂,用于催化H2O2分解产生羟基自由基氧化降解偶氮染料活性黑5。探讨了pH、H2O2投加量、催化剂投加量等对染料脱色率的影响。结果表明,活性黑5的脱色率随催化剂投加量的增加而升高;随H2O2投加量的增加而降低;Fe/Al2O3/H2O2体系下,活性黑5在pH为2~9之间均有一定的脱色效果,活性黑5的脱色率随初始pH的增加而先增加后减少,其中在初始pH为3时,脱色效果最佳。     

UV/Fe3+/H2O2催化-混凝联合工艺处理络合铜镍废水

采用UV/Fe3+/H2O2催化-混凝联合工艺对难处理络合铜镍电镀废水进行了研究,考察了Fe3+和H2O2初始浓度、初始pH值、温度、反应时间及混凝液pH、混凝剂质量浓度对处理过程的影响,探讨了废水的降解途径和机理.结果表明在体系初始pH=3,温度50℃,H2O2和Fe3+初始浓度分别为1.5×10-4mo1/L、2.5×10-5mo1/L,反应时间60min,混凝液pH=8及混凝剂质量浓度为500mg/L的条件下,废水的COD去除率为96.98%,Cu2+为99.91%,Ni2+为99.92%,处理水达到国家一级排放要求.同时依据GC/MS对X-GN降解最终产物的分析结果,推导出废水的基本降解机理和途径.     

Fe／Mn／Al2O3催化H2O2降解偶氮染料废水的研究

以活性氧化铝为载体,制备了Fe／Mn／Al2O3负载型催化剂,用于催化H2O2氧化降解偶氮染料活性黑5,探讨了pH、H2O2投加量、染料初始浓度、催化剂投加量等对染料脱色率的影响。结果表明,活性黑5的脱色率随催化剂投加量、H2O2投加量的增加而升高;而随活性黑5初始浓度的增加而降低。当H2O2投加量的增加达到200mg／L后,H2O2投加量的增加对活性黑5脱色效果的影响不显著。Fe／Mn／Al2O3／H2O2体系下,活性黑5在pH为2～9之间均有一定的脱色效果,活性黑5的脱色率随初始pH的增加而先增加后减少,其中在初始pH为3时脱色效果最佳。     

Fe/Mn/Al_2O_3催化H_2O_2降解偶氮染料废水的研究

以活性氧化铝为载体,制备了Fe/Mn/Al2O3负载型催化剂,用于催化H2O2氧化降解偶氮染料活性黑5,探讨了pH、H2O2投加量、染料初始浓度、催化剂投加量等对染料脱色率的影响。结果表明,活性黑5的脱色率随催化剂投加量、H2O2投加量的增加而升高;而随活性黑5初始浓度的增加而降低。当H2O2投加量的增加达到200 mg/L后,H2O2投加量的增加对活性黑5脱色效果的影响不显著。Fe/Mn/Al2O3/H2O2体系下,活性黑5在pH为2⁹之间均有一定的脱色效果,活性黑5的脱色率随初始pH的增加而先增加后减少,其中在初始pH为3时脱色效果最佳。     

O3/Fe2+均相催化体系及其效能强化综述

针对O3/Fe2+催化氧化体系Fe2+消耗量大、适用的pH范围狭窄等问题,综述了O3/Fe2+催化氧化体系的研究现状.分析了O3/Fe2+氧化反应机理和pH、Fe2+投加量、O3投加量及投加方式、反应温度等因素对O3/Fe2+催化氧化效果的影响,以及UV辐照、H2 O2、螯合剂等效能强化手段的机理和效果,并类比了羟胺(HA)强化Fenton反应的机理、应用和效果,提出利用HA构建Fe3+/Fe2+循环,可能是强化O3/Fe2+均相催化体系的一种新方法.     

Fe-C-H2O2降解十溴联苯醚的试验研究

研究了Fe-C-H2O2工艺对十溴联苯醚(BDE209)降解效果的影响,分别考察了pH、Fe与C质量比、Fe投加量、H2O2投加量及反应时间对去除率的影响,探讨了降解过程的动力学分析,并推断了可能的降解途径。结果表明,在pH为1、Fe与C质量比为1:1、Fe投加量为4.5 g、H2O2投加量为6 mL/L、反应时间为120 min的优化条件下时,BDE209的降解效果最好,降解率达80.9%;降解过程符合伪1级动力学规律,动力学方程为-ln(ρ/ρ0)=0.004 0 min-1t+1.033 7,相关系数0.947 1;BDE209脱溴过程是通过.OH攻击C-Br键逐步实现的。     

Fe（Ⅱ）-EDTA/K2S2O8降解苯酚及反应动力学分析

考察了Fe(Ⅱ)-EDTA/K2S2O8体系降解苯酚的影响因素,并对体系中苯酚的降解机理和反应动力学进行了初步分析。结果表明,铁离子、氧化剂形态以及紫外光辐照、螯合剂的存在对氧化体系作用效果影响显著。EDTA剂量为0.5 mmol/L、Fe(Ⅱ)剂量为1.0 mmol/L、K2S2O8剂量为2.0 mmol/L、溶液初始pH值为7.0、温度为60℃的条件下反应60 min,浓度为100 mg/L的苯酚降解率为71.48%,同样条件下紫外光辐照时降解率可达89.38%。降解机理与动力学分析表明,苯酚在Fe(Ⅱ)-EDTA/K2S2O8体系中降解途径以与Fe4+络合降解为主。     

US/Fe~(3+)/H_2O_2体系超声催化降解甲基橙的研究

采用US/Fe3+/H2O2体系超声催化降解甲基橙,考察了超声波功率、Fe3+初始质量浓度、H2O2用量、甲基橙溶液的初始质量浓度及初始pH值对超声催化降解甲基橙的影响,初步探讨了其降解动力学规律。结果表明,US/Fe3+/H2O2体系能有效降解甲基橙,且超声波与Fenton试剂对甲基橙废水的降解存在强烈的协同作用;在pH=3、超声波功率500 W、Fe3+和H2O2的初始质量浓度分别为30 mg/L和150 mg/L时,对含30 mg/L的甲基橙溶液降解120 min,其去除率达到99.5%;甲基橙的超声催化降解符合一级反应动力学规律,且甲基橙的一级反应速率常数随其初始质量浓度增大而降低。     

微波强化Fenton氧化法降解水中阴离子表面活性剂的研究

采用微波/Fenton氧化法降解水中阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS).比较了微波辐射、Fenton氧化和微波/Fenton氧化3种方法对SDBS的降解效果;考察了H2O2与Fe2+的摩尔比、Fenton试剂投加量、微波功率、溶液pH、反应时间等因素对SDBS降解效果的影响.结果表明,微波辐射可以强化Fenton试剂对SDBS的氧化作用,明显提高SDBS的降解效率,显著缩短反应时间,并能促进SDBS的矿质化,提高TOC去除率;微波辐射与Fenton氧化对SDBS的矿质化具有明显的协同效应.微波/Fenton氧化法降解SDBS的最佳工艺条件为:pH为3,n(H2O2):n(Fe2+)为195,Fenton试剂投加量为140mmol·L-1,微波功率为500W,反应时间为10min.在此工艺条件下,SDBS和TOC去除率分别可达99%和68%.     

Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中铝、铁的反应行为

以Al2O3, Fe2O3和Na2CO3为原料,对Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中的反应行为进行了详细研究. 基于溶出率与时间、温度的关系,证明Na2O×Al2O3和Na2O×Fe2O3的生成反应动力学都服从Zhuralev-Lesokin-Tempelman模型,表观活化能分别为186.59和80.92 kJ/mol,表明Na2O×Fe2O3比Na2O×Al2O3在动力学上更易形成;Al2O3易与Na2O×Fe2O3反应形成Na2O×Al2O3和Fe2O3,在1273 K烧结30 min,所得熟料Al2O3溶出率达98.51%;Fe2O3对Na2O×Al2O3的形成有双重作用,在1273 K下可加速Na2O×Al2O3的形成,超过1323 K,促使Na2O×Al2O3分解成Na2O和b-Al2O3,且随着温度升高或时间延长,分解程度增高,从而导致熟料中Al2O3溶出率显著降低.     

钕-铝系稀土色料的研制

通过钕-铝系列色料合成实验,分析不同配比及不同矿化剂等对色料呈色效果的影响,确定最佳工艺方法。对实验结果进行XRD及色度分析,确定其主晶相为钕酸铝,试样的明度均在70以上,色彩鲜艳亮丽。     

Phase equilibrium in binary La2O3-Dy2O3 and ternary CeO2-La2O3-Dy2O3 systems

Cerium oxide doped with oxides of rare earth elements is a multifunctional material, a wide range of uses which is associated with its unique physicochemical properties. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems are the physicochemical basis for the creation of new materials with improved characteristics.In this work, phase equilibria in ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ and binary La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ systems in the whole concentration range were studied. No new phases have been identified in these systems. An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1500 °С is constructed. No new phases have been detected in the system. It was found that in the studied ternary system solid solutions are formed on the basis of (F) modification of CeO₂ with structure of fluorite type, monoclinic (B), cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of Ln₂O₃.In the La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ binary system (1500–1100 °С) three types of solid solutions are formed: based on hexagonal modification A-La₂O₃, monoclinic modification B-Dy₂O₃ and cubic modification C-Dy₂O₃ separated by two-phase fields (A+B) and (B+C), respectively. The boundaries of the regions of homogeneity of solid solutions based on A-La₂O₃ are determined by compositions containing 35–40, 20–25, 15–20 mol% Dy₂O₃ at 1500, 1250, 1100 °C, respectively. From the obtained data it follows that the solubility of Dy₂O₃ in the hexagonal modification of lanthanum oxide is 39 mol% at 1500 °C, 23 mol. % at 1250 °C and 16 mol% at 1100 °C. The limits of existence of solid solutions based on monoclinic B-modification are determined by compositions containing 30–35, 65–60 (1250 °С), 35–40, 55–60 (1100 °С) 40–45, 70–75 (1500 °C) mol% Dy₂O₃.In the studied system, with a decrease in temperature from 1500° to 1100°C, there is a decrease in the solubility of La₂O₃ in the crystal lattice of cubic solid solutions of C-type from 16 to 10 mol%.     

Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes

Single crystal In₂O₃ shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In₂O₃ anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In₂O₃/Y₂O₃.     

UV-Enhanced Exchange of O2with H2O Adsorbed on TiO2

Ultraviolet light dramatically increases the rate of isotope exchange between gas-phase O₂and water adsorbed on TiO₂at room temperature, but it does not affect the rate of CO₂–water exchange. Both ethanol and acetaldehyde, when coadsorbed with H₂¹⁸O, dramatically decrease the rate of O₂exchange, but not CO₂exchange, with adsorbed H₂¹⁸O. This decrease is attributed to a combination of competition for adsorbed oxygen between exchange and photocatalytic oxidation of the adsorbed organic and blocking of the oxygen adsorption sites by the organic. The same oxygen species participate in O₂-H₂¹⁸O exchange and photocatalytic oxidation.     

Properties of RO-Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses

The coefficient of linear expansion, glass-transition temperature, temperature at the orset of deformation (strain point), density. Young modulus, microhardness, crystallizability, and contact angle are studied as a function of the composition in RO–Y₂O₃–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ (R=Ca and/or Mg) glass systems. The composition ranges for glasses (with strain point >900°C and coefficient of linear expansion of (32–45)×10^–7°C^–1) that can be used for soldering silicon-nitride ceramics were established.Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 12, pp. 5–7, December, 1996     

TNT的O3/H2O2降解规律

利用自制装置,采用连续投加O3、H2O2的方式,研究了O。／H：O：对废水中TNT的降解规律。结果表明,与Oa作用相比,O3／H2O2工艺可显著提高TNT的降解率,还可避免中间产物的形成与积累;在试验研究条件下,H2O2：O3的最优摩尔比为1,最佳初始pH值在11左右,利用缓冲溶液可维持反应体系pH值的稳定,但不利于O3／H2O2功效的发挥,反应适合在常温下进行,尽量避开40℃左右;动力学特征分析表明,O／H2O2降解TNT偏离伪一级反应动力学规律。     

Fe2O3-MnO-Cr2O3-La2O3系统紫色颜料的制备及表征

采用溶胶均匀共沉淀法于低温下合成了含少量稀土氧化物La2O3的紫色颜料，并采用颜色测定、SEM、XRD等手段对颜料的颜色、检度及结晶构造等进行了表征。