BOPET辊面低聚物溶解性能的研究

通过黏度法计算了PET低聚物的溶度参数,比较了PET低聚物在不同溶剂中的溶解度,测试了各个溶剂在室温条件下的挥发性能,结果得到四氢呋喃能快速溶解该低聚物并具有快速挥发性能,是适用于生产的有机溶剂。     

EVM橡胶溶解度参数的理论计算及实验测定

采用理论计算和溶胀实验,研究了Levapren400,Levapren450,Levapren500和Levapren600 4种牌号的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVM)的溶解度参数。结果表明,4种不同醋酸乙酯含量的EVM,具有相似的溶胀性能,其溶解度参数的实验测定值与理论计算值相符,在18.00～21.00(J/cm3)1/2之间。确定了4种牌号EVM的良溶剂有甲苯(18.16)、氯仿(18.95)、四氢呋喃(19.46)、氯苯(19.58)和二氯甲烷(19.82)。     

PC/PET合金的制备及其耐溶剂机理

采用聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)与聚碳酸酯(PC)共混方式提高材料的耐溶剂应力开裂能力,解决PC制品喷漆龟裂、开裂问题。研究了PET含量对PC/PET合金耐溶剂性能、力学性能、耐热和流动性能的影响。综合汉森溶解度参数、相对能量差异参数、溶剂聚合物渗透速率、晶态聚合物特性等研究了PC及PC/PET合金的耐溶剂机理。随着PET含量的增加,PC/PET合金的耐溶剂能力逐渐增强,力学性能降低,流动性变好,耐热性能变差。PET含量≥30份的PC/PET合金同时具有较好的耐甲苯和四氯化碳能力,PET含量≥40份时,PC/PET合金的125℃热球压压痕直径2.0 mm,不能满足电工电子产品安规要求。非晶态聚合物的耐溶剂能力与相对能量差异参数(修正后的溶解度参数差异)、溶剂渗透速率及聚合物的应力状态有关。晶态聚合物具有较好的耐溶剂能力主要是因为分子排列规整,堆砌紧密,分子间相互作用力强,溶剂分子渗入聚合物内部困难。     

溶解度参数在分散染料拼混染色及其他行业的应用（二）

溶解度参数δ是热力学上衡量非极性溶质与溶剂之间作用力的一种方法,自1911年提出这一概念后,历经20世纪30年代以内聚能参数衡量其大小,通过物质汽化热来计算溶解度参数,但是难以汽化的物质,难以测定其汽化热.20世纪60年代多人通过大量实验计算出物质分子结构中的基团的吸引力常数与摩尔体积两者总和之商求得溶解度参数,简化了溶解度参数的计算.20世纪80年代未,将此概念用到分散染料对PET聚酯纤维染色中,通过计算,PET的δ值为10.79,而传统PET的分散染料δ都在10.30 ～ 11.6之间,两者相容性很好,因此染色性能与牢度性能俱佳.将该方法引用到分散染料拼混和染厂拼色,可获得极佳效果.PTT聚酯的δ值为10.50,传统分散染料也适用它的染色.PLA纤维实际上是一类脂肪族聚酯纤维,性能与PET、PTT不同,它的δ值为12.8.显然使用传统分散染料达不到很好效果,亟待研究开发PLA专用分散染料.     

UNIFAC法研究甲烷气体溶解度

用自建的一套设备测定了甲烷在异丙醇、丙酮、四氢呋喃、环己酮及乙酸甲酯中的高压溶解度。采用UNIFAC法对自测及文献中甲烷在极性纯溶剂中的溶解度数据进行了关联和估算,定义了新基团,并回归出了基团间的交互作用能量参数。结果表明,用文中得到的参数估算甲烷在相关溶剂中的溶解度数据结果良好。     

溶解度参数在分散染料拼混染色及其他行业的应用（一）

溶解度参数δ是热力学上街量非极性溶质与溶剂之间作用力的一种方法,自1911年提出这一概念后,历经20世纪30年代以内聚能参数衡量其大小,通过物质汽化热来计算溶解度参数,但是难以汽化的物质,难以测定其汽化热,20世纪60年代多人通过大量实验计算出物质分子结构中的基团的吸引力常数与摩尔体积两者总和之商求得溶解度参数,简化了溶解度参数的计算.20世纪80年代未,将此概念用到分散染料对PET聚酯纤维染色中去,通过计算,PET的δ为10.79,而传统PET的分散染料δ都在10.30～ 11.6之间,两者相容性很好,因此染色性能与牢度性能俱佳.将该方法引用到分散染料拼混和染厂拼色,可获得极佳效果.PTT聚酯的δ值为10.50,传统分散染料也适用它的染色.PLA纤维实际上是一类脂肪族聚酯纤维,性能与PET,PTT不同,它的δ值为12.8.显然使用传统分散染料达不到很好效果,亟待研究开发PLA专用分散染料.     

国外非水型分散液涂料的发展概况(下)

3.分散介质是N.A.D涂料的连续相,一般要求电阻高,极性低,以无极性最适宜。当前以使用脂肪烃为主,例如己烷、庚烷、辛烷、环己烷、溶剂汽油,以及脂肪系或环烷系石油馏份等,也有使用四氢呋喃的。在N.A.D涂料中有时还加入增塑剂、高沸点溶剂,芳烃等。这些都会改变分散介质的极性,影响分散液的稳定性。因此,这些助剂的加入量应有限制,特别要注意这些助剂和主要分散介质间的临界溶解度参数,否则彼此不能容忍。分散介质和可溶剂化分子团两者的溶解度参数愈接近愈能保证分散液的稳定性。一般以丙烯酸酯型的不饱和单体共聚而成的可溶剂化分子团的溶解度参数为7.5—9。根据日本的研究结果,稳定     

两维新溶解度参数和柴油脱蜡溶剂的选择

试图应用两维溶解度参数理论对能够改善柴油低温流动性能的脱蜡溶剂进行筛选。在建立两维平面坐标模型的基础上,计算了柴油中各组分和14种溶剂的两维溶解度参数,提出了用两维坐标图中溶剂与正构烷烃溶质的距离R_c作为是否相溶的判断依据。通过分析两维溶剂溶解度参数与萃取效果的关系,发现除2-丙醇外其他溶剂的正构烷烃萃取率随着R_c的增大而增大,表明可以依据溶剂的R_c选择柴油的脱蜡溶剂。同时发现物理溶解度参数Δ_p对溶剂的脱蜡性能影响很小,萃取过程主要受化学溶解度参数分量Δ_c的影响,且溶剂的偶极力是影响其脱蜡性能的主要因素。     

溶解度参数的发展及应用

介绍溶解度参数理论和计算方法的发展过程及其应用。Hildebrand J H提出溶解度参数理论后，经过三维溶解度参数以及后期的二维溶解度参数体系的发展与修正，溶解度参数已成为化工领域中的重要参数之一；溶解度参数的计算有试验与估算法和基团贡献计算法等；溶解度参数被广泛用于预测聚合物间的相容性、选择混合体系中的良溶剂及各类助剂等。     

甲烷在常三柴油-四氢呋喃混合溶剂中高压溶解度的测定

为了满足富氢气氛下煤直接液化基础数据的需要,选择常三柴油、四氢呋喃为混合溶剂,利用自建的循环法气体高压溶解度测定装置,测定了甲烷在柴油-四氢呋喃中的高压溶解度数据（273.45～293.75 K,2.09～7.97 MPa）。利用n-d-M-LP法以及C-G法计算了柴油的平均结构和特性参数,利用Peng-Robinson状态方程结合两种混合规则回归实验数据,得到CH^₄-柴油-四氢呋喃的交互参数,并估算了同条件下的溶解度数据,结果表明估算值与实验值吻合较好。     

Properties of PVC. II. Properties of PVC compounds with solvents

It was the aim of this paper to study the influence of the solvent residues in PVC compounds on physical and mechanical properties of samples prepared from them as well as the rheologic properties of their melts. Besides tetrahydrofuran other solvents are also partly retained in PVC even after processing at higher temperatures. The properties of samples prepared from PVC compounds containing solvents depend on the solubility parameter of the solvent used. Solvents with a solubility close to that of PVC have the same effect as plasticizers. Solvents with very high solubility parameters, e.g., water, influence the flow and dynamic properties in just the opposite way than plasticizers and behave rather like fillers. A mechanism for influencing the properties of PVC by the presence of solvent residues is suggested.     

溶度参数对聚α-烯烃油溶剂选择的影响

以溶度参数为溶剂选择依据,对α-癸烯齐聚制备润滑油基础油合成实验的溶剂进行研究.考察了不同溶度参数的溶剂对PAO的影响.将溶度参数的概念引入聚合反应溶剂的选择中.结果表明,溶剂种类对PAO的影响明显.由于环己烷的溶度参数接近聚合物,可作为聚α-烯烃油的理想溶剂.产物收率高,性能优良.     

Solubility of N-chloro succinimide in different pure solvents in the temperature range from 278.15 K to 333.15K

Solubility data were measured for N-chloro succinimide in pure n-butanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile and acetic anhydride at the temperature range between 278.15 K and 333.15 K under atmospheric pressure by gravimetric method. The solubility of N-chloro succinimide in those selected solvents increased with increasing temperature. The solubility data were correlated with the modified Apelblat equation and the van??t Hoff equation to obtain the model parameters. The experimental results could be useful for optimizing the process of purification of N-chloro succinimide in industry. Isopropanol could be the excellent solvent in the crystallization of N-chloro succinimide.     

The effects of selected organic solvents on the polymerization of acrylic acid to poly(ethylene terephthalate) by glow discharge

Six organic solvents with solubility parameters close to those of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), namely, dimethyl sulfoxide, γ-butyrolactone, dimethyl formamide, pyridine, tetrachlorethane, and chlorobezene, were selected as swelling agents to promote the incorporation and the subsequent polymerization of acrylic acid to PET films. Variables studied included time of swelling, temperature of swelling, and length of glow discharge treatment. Elevated temperature had greater effects on the inclusion of the swelling agents and acrylic acid than did the length of swelling. Polymerization was generally increased with longer glow discharge treatment time. Surface wettability as well as the moisture regain values of PET films were greatly improved by both the solvent and the glow discharge treatments. The solvent-assisted glow discharge polymerization process was found to impose modification of PET films not restricted to the surface. Morphological modification of the treated PET was confirmed by DSC data.     

含三氟甲基聚芳醚酮的合成与表征

以六氟双酚A和4,4′–二氟二苯酮为原料,以N–甲基吡咯烷酮为溶剂采用新的合成工艺合成含三氟甲基聚芳醚酮,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、核磁共振波谱及X射线衍射等对聚合物的结构和性能进行分析和表征。结果表明,采用新工艺合成的聚芳醚酮与传统工艺合成的树脂的热性能基本一致,具有良好的耐热性能,其玻璃化转变温度为162.6℃,氮气中5%热失重温度为517.1℃;80 kHz下含三氟甲基聚芳醚酮的介电常数为1.55,具有良好的电绝缘性;室温下能溶解于N–甲基吡咯烷酮、氯仿、四氢呋喃等有机溶剂。     

Asphaltene analysis using size exclusion chromatography

A common technique used in coal liquefaction investigations is the asphaltene analysis, whereby products are separated into four major fractions (insolubles, preasphaltenes, asphaltenes and oils) by solvent extraction techniques. The fractions are defined by their solubility in organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, toluene and pentane. An instrumental method of analysis, using gel permeation liquid chromatography, was developed to reduce the problems with the conventional solvent separation. The technique relies upon the fact that the fractions differ in molecular size as well as solubility. The method uses one solvent (THF) and a single 100 Å microstyragel column to separate the three soluble fractions. The trends in the data obtained with the molecular size separation agree with the trends obtained by conventional solvent separations on the same samples.     

Syntheses of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate gels in organic solvents by radiation crosslinking

Cellulose gels were prepared through the crosslinking of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) with electron‐beam irradiation in concentrated organic solvent solutions. The effects of the solvent species, polymer concentration, and irradiation dose on the formation of the gels were investigated. Some organic solvents, such as alcohols with short alkyl chains, alkyl acetates, and ketones, were found to be suitable as media for the radiation crosslinking of the polymer. The prepared HPMCP gels showed excellent swelling in various organic solvents with medium hydrogen‐bonding abilities, such as pyridine, cresol (meta), acetic acid, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4‐dioxane, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl acetate, and chloroform. In an acetone/water mixture, the swelling ratio was significantly dependent on the solvent composition because of the coexistence of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties in HPMCP. These results suggest that HPMCP gels have the potential to be superabsorbents for various kinds of organic solvents. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 3002–3007, 2004