PVA／HEC偏光膜的制备与偏光性能研究

研究了采用聚乙烯醇，羟乙基纤维素为主体材料，内含碘化钾，或者碘化锂，用过氧化氢氧化制备ＰＶＡ／ＨＥＣ偏光膜。实验结果表明，选择４．８０ｇＰＶＡ．０．２０ｇＨＥＣ中含有５ｍｍｏｌＫＩ的基膜，用５％Ｈ２Ｏ２水溶液氧化５ｓ，经拉伸，干燥，可制备柔韧性能好的ＰＶＡ／ＨＥＣ偏光膜。根据实验结果，提出了新法ＰＶＡ／ＨＥＣ膜与Ｉ２形成络合物的机理模型。     

改性灰D(GDSA)与Cu2+离子形成配合物的紫外-可见光谱及偏光性能

将直接染料灰D(GD)重氮化后与磺基水杨酸(SSA)偶合得到一种三偶氮染料(GDSA),研究了GDSA与Cu2 离子配合系统的紫外-可见光谱,发现Cu2 与GDSA在pH=4.6的条件下可形成配合物[Cu(Ⅱ) (GDSA)],其表观稳定常数K表＝6.2×105.将该配合物与聚乙烯醇共混制成偏光膜,研究了膜的光谱吸收特性,结果表明,掺有[Cu(Ⅱ) (GDSA)]的膜的偏光性能明显优于掺有GD的膜,偏光度＞60%的波长区间由GD膜的100nm(550～650nm)增加到320nm(350～670nm),并使200～280nm范围紫外光的透过率＜5%.     

聚乙烯醇(PVA)偏光膜的制备及性能研究

本文采用流延法制备出聚乙烯醇偏光膜,并用紫外可见分光光度仪分别对含碘及含碘、镍、钴的2种偏光膜的光学性能进行了研究。结果表明,偏光膜中加入镍、钴后,偏光膜的单片透光率增加,单片偏光系数及组合偏光率增加;垂直组合时,泄漏光的波峰值左移。     

化学修饰血红蛋白的研究概况及进展

本文简要综述了近几年当中化学修饰血红蛋白研究概况,并介绍了部分种类的修饰剂最新的研究情况,以及在医学等方面的应用和前景。     

改性聚乙烯醇偏光膜的制备及性能研究

以聚乙烯醇（PVA）为原料，制备了改性的PVA含碘（mPVA-I）和PVA含双向色性染料（mPVA-D）两类偏光膜，前者的偏光性能明显优于后者。mPVA-I偏光膜较国内商品PVA含磺偏光膜（CPVA-1)有明显的优点，在偏光性能相近的条件下，抗温、抗热性能好，用光电子能谱对膜表层测试表明，B，Co,Ni浓度是影响其性能的原因。     

聚乙烯醇偏光膜的制备与评价

采用流延法制备出聚乙烯醇偏光膜．并用紫外可见分光光度仅对含碘及碘、镍、钴偏光膜的光学性能进行了研究．结果表明,偏光膜中加入镍、钴后．偏光膜的单片透光率增加,单片偏光系数及组合偏光率增加．垂直组合时,泄漏光的波峰值左移．     

碳纳米管的化学修饰

碳纳米管的化学修饰是纳米材料领域的一个重要研究方向.从有机化学修饰和无机化学修饰2个方面评述了碳纳米管化学修饰的发展过程和最新进展,讨论了碳纳米管化学修饰的方法及其对碳纳米管结构性能的影响,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

谷壳对水体中刚果红的吸附研究

本文研究了谷壳对水体中阴离子染料刚果红的吸附行为,分别考察了平衡时间、溶液pH值、吸附剂用量、刚果红溶液初始浓度及温度等因素对吸附性能的影响。     

不同聚乙烯醇偏光基膜的结构与性能

研究比较了3种不同聚乙烯醇(PVA)偏光基膜制品的结构和性能差异。通过对样品进行的核磁共振、红外光谱、结晶性能、力学性能、光学性能等测试,结果发现3种样品主要成分一致,PVA原料的立体结构比例有所不同;间规度较高,无规立构含量较小的Kurary样品的偏光性质最好,偏光度在95%以上;Kurary的样品结晶宽度最小,PVA原料结构较均匀;皖维的样品结晶宽度最大,熔点最高。50 mm/min速度下,Kurary的样品拉伸断裂应力强于台湾长春和皖维的样品。     

偏光测试仪的校准方法探析

为了确保偏光测试仪的量值准确可靠,根据其工作原理和计量特性,使用角度样板和标准偏光镜片,通过试验与研究,提出了偏光测试仪的4项计量特性,并分析了其校准方法,为偏光测试仪的校准提供了技术依据。     

Removal of congo red from aqueous solution by adsorption onto acid activated red mud

The objective of this study is to remove the congo red (CR) anionic dye, from water by using the acid activated red mud in batch adsorption experiments. The effects of contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage and initial dye concentration on the adsorption were investigated. The pH of the dye solution strongly affected the chemistry of both the dye molecules and activated red mud in an aqueous solution. The effective pH was 7.0 for adsorption on activated red mud. It was found that the sufficient time to attain equilibrium was 90 min. The adsorption isotherms were analyzed using the Langmuir, the Freundlich, and the three parameter Redlich-Peterson isotherms. The Langmuir isotherm was the best-fit adsorption isotherm model for the experimental data obtained from the non-linear chi-square statistic test.     

稀土金属有机骨架材料对染料的吸附性能研究

以均苯三甲酸和六水合硝酸钇(Ⅲ)为原料,合成了一种稀土金属有机骨架材料Y(BTC)(H2O)(Y-BTC)。通过XRD对材料的物相进行表征,并采用紫外可见分光光度计研究了刚果红的初始浓度、吸附作用时间、溶液pH、背景离子和Y(BTC)(H2O)活化等因素对其吸附性能的影响。结果表明,Y(BTC)(H2O)对刚果红的吸附量随着刚果红初始浓度的增加而逐渐增大,并且酸性溶液和活化有利于Y(BTC)(H2O)对刚果红的吸附。K+、Na+、Li+3种背景离子的存在不利于Y(BTC)(H2O)对刚果红溶液的吸附,这是由于它们会与刚果红抢占Y(BTC)(H2O)上的吸附位点,并占据Y(BTC)(H2O)孔道而减少Y(BTC)(H2O)与刚果红的接触机会。Y(BTC)(H2O)对刚果红的吸附过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型。     

AZO晶种层对ZnO纳米线生长及紫外光电导性能的影响

采用溶液化学法实现了在Zn(NO3)2/C6H12N4混合溶液中ZnO纳米线在AZO薄膜修饰过衬底上生长。AZO薄膜由射频磁控溅射法制备,通过溅射时间和基底温度的变化改变薄膜形态,重点研究了不同薄膜形态对ZnO纳米线形貌和结构的影响,最终在溅射2h、基底温度250℃晶种上得到垂直于衬底、高度平行取向的ZnO纳米线阵列。在此基础上研究了不同形貌ZnO纳米线阵列的紫外光电导性能差异。结果表明,垂直生长的纳米线较倒伏纳米线紫外响应迅速,分析认为是紫外光照下曝光面积不同造成的。     

Jute stick powder as a potential biomass for the removal of congo red and rhodamine B from their aqueous solution

Jute stick powder (JSP) has been found to be a promising material for adsorptive removal of congo red (C.I. 22120) and rhodamine B (C.I. 45170) from aqueous solutions. Physico-chemical parameters like dye concentration, solution pH, temperature and contact time have been varied to study the adsorption phenomenon. Favorable adsorption occurs at around pH 7.0 whereas temperature has no significant effect on adsorption of both the dyes. The maximum adsorption capacity has been calculated to be 35.7 and 87.7mg/g of the biomass for congo red and rhodamine B, respectively. The adsorption process is in conformity with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms for rhodamine B whereas congo red adsorption fits well to Langmuir isotherm only. In both the cases, adsorption occurs very fast initially and attains equilibrium within 60min. Kinetic results suggest the intra-particle diffusion of dyes as rate limiting step.     

镁铝水滑石纳米片可控制备及其吸附性能研究

在聚乙二醇(PEG)存在的条件下,通过一步水热法合成了晶相单一的六方片状镁铝水滑石层状双氢氧化物(LDH)。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、FT-IR、N2吸附、UV-Vis紫外-分光光度计和zeta电位仪等对产物进行了表征。考察了PEG活性剂对水滑石形貌及性能的影响。结果表明,添加活性剂改性后制备的六边形水滑石纳米片形貌规整均一,宽约几微米,厚度约为100~200 nm,纳米片间易形成交叉支撑结构,分散性好,比表面积为203.5 m2/g。在室温,焙烧后的Mg AlLDO对浓度为100 mg/L的刚果红30 min内去除率可达97%,饱和吸附量为243.5 mg/g。     

液相色谱-质谱联用检测环境水样中刚果红染料

本文探讨了采用液相色谱-电喷雾质谱法检测环境水样中刚果红染料的方法。流动相为甲醇:水=70:30,色谱柱为ZorbaxXDB-C18(150×4.6 mmid,5μm),流速为0.6 ml·min-1。刚果红的准分子离子为m/z325,方法的检出限为0.1 mg·l-1,线性范围为0.4～100 mg·l-1,相关系数r为0.9915,相对标准偏差范围为8.5%～13.4%,样品的回收率为83.5%～106.4%。该法快速、灵敏度高、重现性好。     

纳米二氧化钛、钛酸钡的有机化学修饰及其电流变效应

采用纳米氧化钛,钛酸钡作为复合电解质微粒核,在一定条件下将制备的氧化钛,钛酸钡纳米粒子表面修饰一层含有酰胺基和不含酰胺基的有机物,然后将所得到的微粒与硅油按一定体积比混合后,测量其电流变效应.对含酰胺基的有机物和不含酰胺基的有机物包裹后所制备的电流变液效应进行比较,讨论了在电流变液制备过程中有机物的结构,研磨过程和温度等因素对电流变液性能的影响.采用X射线衍射,傅立叶变换红外光谱,透射电子显微镜对核-壳型纳米复合结构进行了表征.     

Strategies for the chemical and biological functionalization of scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering: a review

The development of biomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) is challenging, primarily owing to the requirement of achieving a surface with favourable characteristics that enhances cell attachment and maturation. The biomaterial surface plays a crucial role as it forms the interface between the scaffold (or cardiac patch) and the cells. In the field of CTE, synthetic polymers (polyglycerol sebacate, polyethylene glycol, polyglycolic acid, poly-l-lactide, polyvinyl alcohol, polycaprolactone, polyurethanes and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)) have been proven to exhibit suitable biodegradable and mechanical properties. Despite the fact that they show the required biocompatible behaviour, most synthetic polymers exhibit poor cell attachment capability. These synthetic polymers are mostly hydrophobic and lack cell recognition sites, limiting their application. Therefore, biofunctionalization of these biomaterials to enhance cell attachment and cell material interaction is being widely investigated. There are numerous approaches for functionalizing a material, which can be classified as mechanical, physical, chemical and biological. In this review, recent studies reported in the literature to functionalize scaffolds in the context of CTE, are discussed. Surface, morphological, chemical and biological modifications are introduced and the results of novel promising strategies and techniques are discussed.     

Removal of fluoride from water by using granular red mud: Batch and column studies

This paper describes the removal of fluoride from water using granular red mud (GRM) according to batch and column adsorption techniques. For the batch technique, the experiments demonstrated that maximum fluoride removal was obtained at a pH of 4.7 and it took 6h to attain equilibrium and equilibrium time did not depend upon the initial fluoride concentration. Kinetics data were fitted with pseudo-second-order model. The Redlich-Peterson and Freundlich isotherm models better represented the adsorption data in comparison to the Langmuir model. Column experiments were carried out under a constant influent concentration and bed depth, and different flow rates. The capacities of the breakthrough and exhaustion points decreased with increase of the flow rate. Thomas model was applied to the experimental results. The modelled breakthrough curves were obtained, and they were in agreement with the corresponding experimental data. The column adsorption was reversal and the regeneration operation was accomplished by pumping 0.2M of NaOH through the loaded GRM-column.     

Fabrication of superhydrophobic and oleophobic zinc coating on steel surface

In this work, a simple method, including electrodeposition and chemical modification, for fabrication of a superhydrophobic and oleophobic coating on steel substrate is reported. The surface morphology of this coating showed concave structure, and the contact angles of water and glycerol on this coating surface were about 153.57° and 149.32°, respectively. In addition, the water droplet was easy to roll on this coating surface, and the sliding angle was smaller than 10°. The contact angle of the water/ethanol droplet with different surface tension, from 56 to 36?mN?m^?1, was also >130° on this coating surface, indicating this as superhydrophobic and oleophobic coating surface with good lyophobicity. Moreover, this coating surface had excellent non-sticking property for the water droplet under a certain external pressure, self-cleaning property and long-term stability.