REACTIVE DISPERSE DYES FOR SYNTHETIC POLYMER FIBRES AND THEIR BLENDS WITH NATURAL FIBRE (Ⅲ) THE DYEING MECHANISM OF REACTIVE DISPERSE DYES CONTAINING β-HYDROXYETHYL SULPHONYL SULPHURIC ESTER GROUP FOR POLYESTERCOTTON BLEND

A study on the migration behavior of the reactive disperse dyes containing β-hydroxyethyl sulphonyl sulphuric ester group at different stages of dyeing and thermofixation on the polyester-cotton blend was made. The sublimation and vapor-phase transport of the dyes during thermofixation were examined. It was concluded that thermofixation conditions affect the dye distribution between cotton and polyester in the blend. The relationship between the distribution and the molecular structure of the dyes was examined. A dyeing mechanism of reactive disperse dyes for polyester-cotton blend was suggested.     

REACTIVE DYES CONTAINING(N-METHYL-β-SULFOETHYLAMINO)ETHYLSULFONYL GROUPS FOR SILK FIBRES

Silk dyeing with several classes of reactive dyes was studied.A class of reactive dyes con-taining(N-methyl-β-sulfoethylamino)ethylsulfonyl groups for silk is presented.A new method forintroducing such a reactive group and a kinetic studies on the reaction mechanism involved are pro-posed.A kinetic isotopic effect on dyeing mechanism with silk is discussed and the optimum dyeingtechniques recommended.Dyeing or printing was carried out in neutral media;brilliant shades,goodfastness,high fixation and excellent storage stability are given.     

REACTIVE DYES CONTAINING(N-METHYL-β-SULFOETHYLAMINO)ETHYLSULFONYL GROUPS FOR SILK FIBRES

Silk dyeing with several classes of reactive dyes was studied.A class of reactive dyes con-taining(N-methyl-β-sulfoethylamino)ethylsulfonyl groups for silk is presented.A new method forintroducing such a reactive group and a kinetic studies on the reaction mechanism involved are pro-posed.A kinetic isotopic effect on dyeing mechanism with silk is discussed and the optimum dyeingtechniques recommended.Dyeing or printing was carried out in neutral media;brilliant shades,goodfastness,high fixation and excellent storage stability are given.     

Part Ⅱ REACTIVE DISPERSE DYES CONTAINING β-SULPHATED HYDROXYETHYL SULPHONYL GROUP FOR POLYESTER-COTTON BLENDS

A range of reactive disperse dyes for polyester-cotton blends was devised and applied to the blendfabrics by thermosol process.The fixation of such dyes on the respective fibres of the blend was foundto be in two entirely different manners.     

WATER SOLUBLE DISPERSE DYES CONTAINING CARBOXY-METHYL-SULFONYL GROUP

Water soluble disperse dyes of either monoazo or anthraquinone types containing the carboxymethylsulfonylgroup(-SO_2CH_2COOH)were synthesized.Ammonium salts of this type of dyes are more soluble thanother salts.These dyes are suitable for pad dyeing or printing on polyester fiber and polyester/cottonblends in either weak acid,neutral or weak alkali medium without a dispersing agent.The formation of-SO_2CH_3 group from -SO_2CH_2COOH group after fixing on the fiber was proved.     

INVESTIGATION OF METHINE TYPE DISPERSE DYES OF BENZTHIOPHEN-ONE DERIVATIVES Ⅰ. STUDY ON THE RELATION BETWEEN DYES MOLECULAR STRUCTURES AND THEIR ABSORPTION SPECTRA

A series of Methine Type Disperse Dyes of Benzthiophen-one derivatives for polyester fiber was devised and prepared. The adsorption spectra of these disperse dyes in solution were measured. The relation between the molecular structures of these dyes and their adsorption spectra was studied and discussed.     

CHEMOSELECTIVE PREPARATION OF CHLOROSULFONYL-CONTAINING AZO-DYES WITH THIONYL CHLORIDE-N, N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE

Azo- dyes containing chlorosulfonyl group are important intermediates of dyes for use in instant photography and sulfonamido - containing disperse dyes. Chlorination of azo-dyes containing sulfonic acid group to the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides is an important method for the synthesis of this kind of     

Innovation and application of dyes with high fixation

Reactive dyes are the main species for cotton dyeing due to their wide range of hue, satisfactory color fastness and facile application method. Aiming at increasing fixation on cotton fibers, benzimidazolone yellow reactive dyes, sulfonamide red reactive dyes and anthraquinone azo blue reactive dyes are designed. The preparation, characterization and application properties of these dyes with high fixation are introduced in detail. In order to achieve dye fixation to near 100%, macromolecular cro...     

高阳离子化度叔胺型聚丙烯酰胺在活性染料无盐染色中的应用(英文)

Tertiary amine cationic polyacrylamide with high cationization degree was used as a new cationic agent to pretreat cotton with dip-pad-bake method. The obtained cationic cotton was dyed with reactive dyes in the absence of electrolyte. The effects of the characteristics of the cationic agent and the pretreatment conditions on dyeability of reactive dye were investigated. The results showed that the fixation and K/S values of the reactive dyes on the cationic cotton were improved compared with those on the un-treated one in the presence of salt. Tests on fastness properties of the dyed cotton and fabric quality of the pretreated cotton were carried out and the results showed that wash and rub fastness of the salt-free dyeing were both satisfactory. And anti-crease property, tensile and tear strength, and handling of the cationic cotton were also good compared with that of the untreated one.     

CHEMOSELECTIVE PREPARATION OF CHLOROSULFONYL-CONTAINING AZO-DYES WITH THIONYL CHLORIDE-N,N-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE

INTRODUCTION Azo-dyes containing chlorosulfonyl group are important intermediates of dyes for use in instant photography[1] and sulfonamido-containing disperse dyes[2].Chlorination of azo-dyes containing sulfonic acid group to the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides is an important method for the synthesis of this kind of compounds.Many approaches to performing the aforementioned conversion have been developed.One approach involves the use of chlorosulfonic acid[3],but the reagent is difficult to handle and can not be recycled.Another approach involves using phosphorous pentachloride as chlorination reagent[4], however,it is too expensive to be scaled up.The third one uses phosphoryl chloride-N,N-dimethylacetamide(POCl3-DMA)[2],in which acetonitrile and sulfolane are used as reaction medium[2],but a large amount of DMA is used and sulfolane can not be recycled easily due to its high boiling point.     

Solubility prediction of disperse dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol as co-solvent using neural network

Nowadays artificial neural networks(ANNs) with strong ability have been applied widely for prediction of nonlinear phenomenon. In this work an optimized ANN with 7 inputs that consist of temperature, pressure, critical temperature, critical pressure, density, molecular weight and acentric factor has been used for solubility prediction of three disperse dyes in supercritical carbon dioxide(SC-CO2) and ethanol as co-solvent. It was shown how a multi-layer perceptron network can be trained to represent the solubility of disperse dyes in SC-CO2. Numeric Sensitivity Analysis and Garson equation were utilized to find out the degree of effectiveness of different input variables on the efficiency of the proposed model. Results showed that our proposed ANN model has correlation coefficient, Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient and discrepancy ratio about 0.998, 0.992, and 1.053 respectively.     

分散红73和分散蓝183及其混合物在超临界二氧化碳中溶解度的测定与关联(英文)

The solubility of disperse dyes and their mixture in supercritical carbon dioxide is an important property in study and development of supercritical fluid dyeing technology. In this study, solubilities of C.I. Disperse Red 73, C.I. Disperse Blue 183 and their mixture in supercritical CO2 are measured at temperatures from 343.2 to 383.2 K and pressures from 12 to 28 MPa with a static recirculation method. Under the experimental conditions for the binary (C.I. Disperse Red 73 + CO2 or C.I. Disperse Blue 183 + CO2) and ternary (C.I. Disperse Red 73 + C.I. Disperse Blue 183 + CO2) systems, the solubilities increase with pressure. The solubility of C.I. Disperse Blue 183 decreases with the increase of temperature when the pressure is lower than 16 MPa, and the trend is opposite when the pressure is higher than 16 MPa. However, there is no crossover pressure for C.I. Disperse Red 73. The solubilities are also affected by molecular polarity of dyes. The co-solvent effect exhibited in the dissolving process of mixed dyes promotes their disso-lution in supercritical CO2. The experimental data of solubilities of C.I. Disperse Red 73, C.I. Disperse Blue 183, and their mixture are correlated with the Chrastil model and Mendez-Santiago/Teja model. The former is more accurate.     

Characterization of recuperating talent of white-rot fungi cells to dye-contaminated soil/water

This study was purposed to explore the decolorization of dyes by fungi on either a soil or in a liquid medium and to determine the application through batch shaking system. Two commercial dyes were decolorized and studied with four fungal strains in three media. Fungal growth is the best in malt extract/glucose medium for all organisms. Decolorization of reactive blue 220 and methyl red was investigated in soil medium by Trametes versicolor. These dyes were removed 91% and 80% for methyl red and reactive blue 220 respectively(dye concentration; 100 mg·L~(-1)) by both organisms. Enzymatic activities were monitored. Laccase(Lac) and manganese peroxidase(Mn P) were detected. MnP enzyme had important role for the dye decolorization. This study demonstrates that it is possible to decolorize some synthetic dyes, which would be highly advanced for dye containing wastewater and soil. These applications could be used for dye bioremediation.     

催化加氢法制备4,4′-二氨基二苯乙烯-2,2′-二磺酸

INTRODUCTION 4,4′-Diaminostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid(DAS) is an important intermediate which is widely used in synthesis of fluorescent whitening agents, direct dyes and reactive dyes[1,2].So far, the conventional procedure using Fe as catalyst for the production of DAS in China is greatly limited, due to industrial waste water, high labor intensity and low production capability. The electrochemical reduction method has been reported[3] overseas, but it is not suitable for China considering its large equipment investment, lower yield and great power consumption. Compared with the methods mentioned above, the catalytic hydrogenation method has attracted a great deal of attention in view of its simple and easy operation, high production capacity and high production efficiency[4-6].The relatively cheap Raney nickel is not used here since it shows a low safety performance in preparing DAS at a high reaction temperature and high pressure. In this paper, highly reactive and recyclable palladium-carbon is chosen as the catalyst. DAS of high purity and high yield is prepared under mild conditions. The catalytic hydrogenation method is a prospective method in producing DAS.     

去除废水中顽固污染物:染料废水脱色和生物降解的联合处理过程(英文)

While conventional wastewater treatments for urban effluents are fairly routine and have proved highly effective,industrial wastewater requires more complex and specific treatments.This paper provides a technological strategy for removal of recalcitrant contaminants based on a hybrid treatment system.The model effluent containing a binary mixture of synthetic dyes is treated by a combination of a preliminary physicochemical stage followed by a biological stage based on ligninolytic enzymes produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium.This proposal includes biosorption onto peat as pretreatment,which decreases the volume and concentration to be treated in the biological reactor,thereby obtaining a completely decolorized effluent.The treated wastewater can therefore be reused in the dyeing baths with the consequent saving of water resources.     

Salt-free reactive dyeing of betaine-modified cationic cotton fabrics with enhanced dye fixation

Novel cationic cotton fabrics were prepared by an efficient and simple one-step pad–dry–bake pretreatment process with betaine as cationic reagent. Ester bonds formed between cotton fibers and betaine hydrochloride were proved by Fourier transformed infrared attenuated total reflection(FTIR-ATR) spectra. Moreover, the properties of the cationic fabrics, including X-ray Diffraction(XRD), tensile strength and whiteness and yellowness index,were investigated in comparison with that of the untreated ones. The cationic fabrics were applied in salt-free dyeing of C.I. Reactive Red 195, C.I. Reactive Yellow 145 and C.I. Reactive Blue 19. Different dye fixation processes were applied and compared for untreated and cationic cotton. Dye fixation and color fastness properties of the dyes were tested, and the results presented that dye fixation on the cationic fabrics in the absence of salt was improved with satisfactory light fastness property and applicable wash and rub fastnesses.     

疏水性葸醌染料在聚乳酸织物上的染色性能

The dyeability of polylactide fabric has been investigated with the substituted aminoanthraquinone hydrophobic dyes.Their application to the polylactide fabric led to good exhaustion values and good wash fastness between 4 and 5.Microscopic assessment of cross-sections of the dyed polylactide fibres confirmed that these dyes could penetrate into the fibres.The nature of the substituted amino groups showed little influence on the wash fastness,but clearly influenced the exhaustion and light fastness.     

用于生产TAEE的反应精馏和全蒸发的混合过程

In this study, a reactive distillation column in which chemical reaction and separation occur simultaneously is applied for the synthesis of tert-amyl ethyl ether （TAEE） from ethanol （EtOH） and tert-amyl alcohol （TAA）. Pervaporation, an efficient membrane separation technique, is integrated with the reactive distillation for enhancing the efficiency of TAEE production. A user-defined Fortran subroutine of a pervaporation unit is developed, allowing the design and simulation of the hybrid process of reactive distillation and pervaporation in Aspen Plus simulator. The performance of such a hybrid process is analyzed and the results indicate that the integration of the reactive distillation with the pervaporation increases the conversion of TAA and the purity of TAEE product, compared with the conventional reactive distillation.     

STUDY AND IMPROVEMENT OF RIHANI-DORAISWAMY ESTIMATION METHOD FOR Cp° WITH COMPUTER PROGRAM

Based on the group contribution method of Rihani and Doraiswamy, a program system has been set up for automatically analyzing structures and computing ideal gas heat capacities. The method was verifled by using evaluated literature data of 479 organic compounds. The assessment of its computing precision and applicability has been made and some new group parameters recommended.