用于假手指尖的光纤光栅触觉力传感器研究

针对现有假手触觉测量常用的薄膜压力传感器精度不佳、线性度差、迟滞性高等问题,研究了一种可安装于假手指尖的光纤布拉格光栅触觉力传感器。首先,通过传感单元的微小化结构设计,可以将施加的外力转化为光纤承受的轴向力;进而,通过有限元对传感器结构参数进行优化,提高了光纤光栅对于压力的灵敏度;然后,围绕假手指尖应用的需求,制作了这种光纤布拉格光栅触觉力传感器;最后,对该传感器进行了性能标定、对比分析和应用抓取3个实验分析,实验结果表明:该传感器压力灵敏度为0.103 8 nm/N,线性度R~2为0.998,重复性误差为1.32%和迟滞性误差为2.19%;与现有的薄膜压力传感器对比,该传感器的线性度和重复度都更高,迟滞性更低。     

采用光纤光栅传感器测量模型材料应变的原理和应用

应变是材料与结构的重要物理特性,最能反映结构局部特性,是材料和工程结构健康监测最为重要的参数。对材料应变测量,可以预知局部荷载的状态。光纤传感器具有灵敏度高、响应速度快、电磁兼容性强、无零漂、可靠性高、使用寿命长等特点。光纤光栅应变传感器是一种极具发展潜力和应用价值的应变传感器。研究了光纤光栅应变传感器的传感原理、应变传递规律及其在模型试验相似材料应变测量中的应用,测量得到的应变历程与实际物理过程相一致。     

光纤Bragg光栅靶式流量传感器设计

基于工业流体流量测量技术、光纤布拉格光栅(fiber Bragg grating,FBG)传感检测技术与靶式流量计原理,针对单个光纤Bragg光栅传感系统对温度交叉敏感的问题,设计并且制作了一种基于双光纤Bragg光栅流量传感器。该传感器采用靶盘结构作为光纤Bragg光栅流量传感器的受力元件,对温度起到了补偿作用,并且有效地提高了应变测量灵敏度。实验表明,该流量传感器的线性误差为0.31%。     

用于复合材料蒙皮的FBG正交传感网络研究

为了实现对复合材料蒙皮的结构健康监测与损伤识别,本文在对光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)应变传感器理论分析的基础上,结合CFRP材料特性和波分复用技术设计了一种由16个FBG传感器构成的光纤光栅正交传感网络布局,对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)蒙皮进行相关准分布式传感网络研究。通过对复合材料中心位置进行逐级加载实验,并提取中心波长漂移量做相关性分析,证明了正交对称FBG传感网络对CFRP蒙皮进行结构健康监测的可行性,同时对称布局位置处的FBG传感器信号具有高度相关性质,相关系数可高达0.9996。实验结果为进一步研究准分布式FBG网络的位置布局优化以及传感网络的可靠性冗余设计提供了依据。     

Strain sensing characteristic of ultrasonic excitation-fiber Bragg gratings damage detection technique

There are good prospects for development of ultrasonic excitation-fiber Bragg gratings (UE-FBGs) damage detection techniques in the field of Nondestructive Testing (NDT). However, corresponding strain sensing theories are few and only applicable to the embedded fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) sensors in composite structures. First, a four-cylinder sensing model for both the embedded and glued FBG sensors is established by introducing a surface-bonded effect coefficient obtained from simulation analysis in this paper. According to the shear-lag theory, an improved strain sensing function is derived from this model by considering the contribution made by the elastic modulus of host material. Then, based on above function, the strain sensing characteristics are analyzed. Finally, the system with an ultrasonic transducer to excite FBG and a demodulation device employing a tunable laser to detect FBG wavelength shifts was established to validate the theoretical analysis. The experiment results showed that the ultrasonic strain sensing ability of the FBG sensor decreased with the increase of ultrasonic frequency and glued thickness.     

5MN光纤布拉格光栅力值传感器

针对山体滑坡中大力值监测的应用需求,提出了基于光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)的5 MN力值传感器。该传感器采用8根FBG构成4组光栅偶对圆柱弹性体的应变进行采集,光栅偶能有效地补偿温度对FBG尺寸的影响。通过ANSYS数值模拟计算并优化了圆柱弹性体的结构尺寸,并按照国家规程进行了传感器检定实验。实验结果表明,该传感器的直径为124mm,长度为302mm,应力测量范围为500~5 000kN,综合精度为1%,最大力值对应的波长变化为2 567pm,灵敏度为2kN/pm。该传感器除具有光栅传感的基本特点以外还具有结构简单、量程大、精度高等优点,不仅适用于滑坡力值监测,还适用于建筑、化工、煤矿、军事等领域的力值监测。     

基于正弦机构力放大原理的高灵敏度光纤光栅压力传感器

基于正弦机构力放大原理，设计研究了基于平面圆形薄板结构的新型高灵敏度光纤光栅压力传感器，研究表明，传感器的压力灵敏度可高达0．04711（pm／Pa），比裸光纤增敏了14989倍，可应用于超低量程压力的传感测量，而该封装结构易于传感FBG多路复用，组成传感器阵列。     

新型过约束正交并联六维力传感器测量模型与静态标定试验

面向航空航天领域对重载大吨位多维测力传感器的急需,通过引入冗余测力分支,提出一种适用于重载测力场合的新型过约束正交并联六维力传感器结构,在提高传感器结构刚度和承载能力的同时有效抑制了关节摩擦对多维力传感器测量精度的影响。基于螺旋理论,推导得到了该并联传感器一阶静力影响系数矩阵,建立理想状态下该新型过约束正交并联六维力传感器测量数学模型。考虑各测量分支的初始预紧力与刚度,基于传感器静力平衡方程与补充建立的位移协调方程,推导建立考虑初始预紧力与分支刚度因素下该新型过约束正交并联六维力传感器测量数学模型。在此基础上,设计并研制该新型过约束正交并联六维力传感器样机,搭建传感器加载标定与信号采集及处理试验系统,对新型过约束正交并联六维力传感器进行了加载标定试验。根据试验结果计算了传感器测量误差矩阵,分析得到了传感器测量精度,从而为重载过约束并联六维力传感器的开发与应用提供了参考。     

一种基于振动原理的结冰探测方法

为了实现复杂环境中结冰的自动探测，提出了一种基于振动原理的结冰探测方法，建立了振管式冰传感器的物理模型，并推导出了其参数的理论计算公式。通过试验模态分析和样品测试。证实了此传感器理论设计的正确性。     

Small diameter fiber Bragg gratings and applications

Small diameter optical fibers are preferred in sensing systems as they have less influence on mechanical performance of smart composite. The static and dynamic monitoring capabilities of the small-diameter fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are experimentally studied in this paper. Firstly, a small-diameter FBG is used as a strain sensor. Secondly, a temperature sensor is fabricated using a specific FBG. Thirdly, a simple sensing system is proposed in order to discriminate temperature at sensing point. Finally, utilization of these small diameter FBGs for vibration monitoring is discussed. The experiments revealed that the central wavelengths of the small-diameter fiber Bragg gratings shift linearly with strain or temperature. The FBG is more sensitive than a thermocouple inside the thermostat. Acquisition and analysis of the dynamic signal indicates that the designed FBG can be used for dynamic signal monitoring.     

Research on parallel load sharing principle of piezoelectric six-dimensional heavy force/torque sensor

In working process of huge heavy-load manipulators, such as the free forging machine, hydraulic die-forging press, forging manipulator, heavy grasping manipulator, large displacement manipulator, measurement of six-dimensional heavy force/torque and real-time force feedback of the operation interface are basis to realize coordinate operation control and force compliance control. It is also an effective way to raise the control accuracy and achieve highly efficient manufacturing. Facing to solve dynamic measurement problem on six-dimensional time-varying heavy load in extremely manufacturing process, the novel principle of parallel load sharing on six-dimensional heavy force/torque is put forward. The measuring principle of six-dimensional force sensor is analyzed, and the spatial model is built and decoupled. The load sharing ratios are analyzed and calculated in vertical and horizontal directions. The mapping relationship between six-dimensional heavy force/torque value to be measured and output force value is built. The finite element model of parallel piezoelectric six-dimensional heavy force/torque sensor is set up, and its static characteristics are analyzed by ANSYS software. The main parameters, which affect load sharing ratio, are analyzed. The experiments for load sharing with different diameters of parallel axis are designed. The results show that the six-dimensional heavy force/torque sensor has good linearity. Non-linearity errors are less than 1%. The parallel axis makes good effect of load sharing. The larger the diameter is, the better the load sharing effect is. The results of experiments are in accordance with the FEM analysis. The sensor has advantages of large measuring range, good linearity, high inherent frequency, and high rigidity. It can be widely used in extreme environments for real-time accurate measurement of six-dimensional time-varying huge loads on manipulators.     

基于CLPG的FBG监测系统及其应用

为了实现可变体机翼的结构健康监测,提出了一种基于级联长周期光栅(cascaded long-period fiber grating,CLPG)的光纤Bragg光栅(fiber Bragg grating,FBG)监测系统.该监测系统以FBG为传感元件,以CLPG为边沿滤波器件,经CLPG调制后FBG反射光功率会发生变化,通过对FBG谐振波长处光功率的探测,从而实现FBG传感信号的监测.监测系统具有结构简单、成本低、解调速度快等优点.利用该监测系统对某型可变体机翼进行结构健康监测,结果表明该监测系统的应变分辨率为2με,实验结果与有限元分析结果相符,最小误差仅为3.27％,表明该监测系统能够用于可变体机翼的结构健康监测.     

面向纹理识别的便携式触觉传感器设计

本文设计了一种面向纹理识别的便携式触觉传感器,该传感器利用光纤光栅(FBG)识别检测不同的纹理和滑动接触速度,且便于机器人系统集成,同时对硬件和软件配置要求低,受环境影响小。在三维建模基础上对传感器结构进行静力学分析并优化,提高FBG对力觉信息的灵敏度;专门设计并搭建了实验平台,对传感器进行静力标定实验和复杂多纹理表面检测实验。通过实验数据的时频分析,验证了该传感器可以识别不同的滑动接触速度和不同的纹理。在该传感器中,FBG3的灵敏度最高,加载时,平均灵敏度约为51.1 pm/N,线性度为0.998;卸载时,平均灵敏度约为50.8 pm/N,线性度为0.998。FBG2的重复性误差和迟滞性误差最大,分别为2.35%和2.23%。     

非正交FBG柔杆空间形状重构误差分析及标定

为了提高FBG柔杆空间形状感知系统的重构精度,提出了一种利用3根FBG阵列、具有温度补偿特性的非正交FBG柔杆检测方法。在分析传感系统的误差组成、产生原因的基础上,建立仿真模型得到了各组成误差分别对系统空间形状重构精度的影响,得出减小安装角度误差是提升精度的关键。利用待标定参数与标定方向与实际检测方向夹角大小相关的原理,给出了一种修正安装角度误差的标定方法。经过实验证明,该方法使得系统形状重构最大相对误差降为0.25%,为高精度的三维形状感知系统提供了可靠的检测方法。     

基于FBG传感技术的黏性土中静压沉桩阻力测试

为了探索光纤光栅(fiber Bragg grating,简称FBG)传感技术在黏性土中静压管桩沉桩阻力测试的适用性,在均质黏性土中进行了模型管桩静力压入试验。数据测试采用增敏微型光纤光栅应变传感器和双模式光纤光栅土压力传感器,基于FBG传感技术采集应变数据,分析沉桩过程桩端阻力和桩侧阻力贯入特性。通过改变桩长、桩径及开口和闭口,对比分析基于FBG传感技术的静压管桩的贯入过程差异。研究结果表明,FBG传感技术对黏性土中静压沉桩阻力的测试性能优越,能够准确体现静压管桩的贯入特性,清晰反映桩端阻力和桩侧阻力随桩径、桩长及开口和闭口的变化过程,这对静压管桩的模型试验与工程设计具有较大的参考价值。     

A review of previous studies on the applications of optical fiber sensors in geotechnical health monitoring

In recent decades, conventional electric instruments have already been widely used to monitor the performance of geotechnical structures. However, there are several inherent limitations of electric instruments for engineering including: electromagnetic interference, a large number of cables for multipoint measurement, signal loss in long distance transmission, and poor durability. Since the first Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor was fabricated in 1978, a significant progress has been made on the commercialization of optical fiber sensing technologies. In 1980s, a fully distributed sensing technology named Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) has been proposed and developed for measuring strain and temperature. In this paper, the authors review previous studies on the development and application of fiber optic sensors. Based on the measured strains, various analysis methods were transferred to required parameters such as displacement, force and pressure which can more directly reflect the safety of geotechnical structures under complex engineering stress condition.     

光纤光栅压力传感器实验研究

文中提出了一种新颖的光纤布拉格光栅压力传感器,它是利用光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)对应变的传感特性,将光纤布拉格光栅粘贴于C型压力弹簧管上的特定位置,通过光纤布拉格光栅反射波长的变化,来实现对压力的测量。该传感器灵敏度的实验值和理论值分别为0.671nm/MPa和0.791nm/MPa,且具有很好的线性度,迟滞很小,有一定的发展前景。     

Novel fiber optic sensor for ice type detection

This paper reports on a novel fiber-optic ice sensor featuring oblique fiber end-faces, not perpendicular to the fiber axis. The inclination angles of the end-faces were respectively 50° and 30° for the source and signal fiber bundles. Ice-growth curves obtained in an icing wind tunnel showed that with increasing ice thickness, the output voltage of this sensor would reduce rapidly for glazed ice, increase rapidly for rime ice, and make no remarkable change for mixed ice. This significant difference is caused by the different optical intensity distributions for different ice types and can be used to accurately identify the ice type for aerospace applications.     

Monitoring corrosion of reinforcement in concrete structures via fiber Bragg grating sensors

Corrosion of steel and rebar in concrete structures is one of the most frequent reasons for civil infrastructure failures. Thus, improving the effective corrosion sensor technology can greatly reduce cost and provide safe structures with long service lives. However, assessing the corrosion condition of rebars is not simple because they are buried in concrete. In this paper, using fiber Bragg grating (FBG), a corrosion sensor for monitoring steel rebars embedded in a concrete structure is developed and validated by experiments. Based on the fact that the volume and diameter of a rebar embedded in concrete will enlarge due to corrosion, an FBG packaged with fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP) is wrapped on the steel bar. During corrosion, the increase in the bar diameter leads to the increase in fiber strain, which can be measured by the shift of the wavelength of FBG. Performances of the corrosion sensor are validated by accelerating corrosion in lab experiments. The corrosion sensor is embedded in a concrete specimen put in a 5% sodium chloride solution with a constant current. Experimental results show that the corrosion sensor can monitor the concurrence of corrosion of rebars in concrete. The corrosion extent can be quantitatively evaluated through the change in the wavelength of FBG. Therefore, the corrosion sensor developed in this paper is feasible for monitoring the early corrosion of rebars in concrete.     

正交并联六轴力传感器耦合误差测量模型及实验分析

为解决并联六轴力传感器量程提升受限问题,设计了一种正交构型并联六轴力传感器。正交并联六轴力传感器是基于并联六轴力传感器的一种构型上的改进,具有承载能力强、解耦性能良好的优势,但同时该力传感器的耦合误差输出具有自身的特点。考虑该力传感器测量分支间摩擦以及正交结构自身特点引起的耦合误差输出,建立了正交并联六轴力传感器耦合误差测量模型。基于所建立的测量模型,通过数值算例分析探讨了传感器设计参数与两种耦合误差输出之间的影响关系,据此研制了一种正交并联六轴力传感器。最后对传感器样机进行了实验,得到其误差分布及检验测量精度。实验所得传感器各维力/力矩在各方向误差分别为0.43%/0.31%,0.18%/0.68%,0.80%/1.28%。