湿热环境对T800碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料力学性能的影响

对T800碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料进行湿热老化实验,通过质量变化、老化前后表面形貌、红外光谱、动态力学性能,层间剪切和压缩实验,研究3.5％(质量分数,下同)NaCl溶液和去离子水两种介质分别在70℃下溶液浸泡对碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明:T800碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料在去离子水和3.5％NaCl溶液中的吸湿率相对较低,分别为0.82％和0.67％;未老化试样纤维与基体之间黏结良好,在3.5％NaCl溶液老化后纤维与基体界面破坏相比去离子水中老化更严重;经去离子水中浸泡后剪切强度降低8.8％,压缩强度降低4.3％;在3.5％NaCl中浸泡后剪切强度降低10.1％,压缩强度降低4.7％.在两种溶液老化后试样的Tg降低,但相差不大.此次研究结果对T800碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料在腐蚀环境中的应用提供了依据.     

海水环境下老化周期对T800碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的影响EI北大核心CSCD

研究T800碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料在海水环境中进行湿热腐蚀老化,将制备好的试件放置在人工制备70℃,3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀30,60,90 d,通过质量变化、老化前后表面形貌、红外光谱、动态力学性能、压缩实验和层间剪切实验分析材料的力学性能变化。结果表明:T800碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料在3.5%NaCl溶液中吸湿率分别为0.39%,0.47%,0.53%;未老化试样纤维与基体之间黏结良好,在3.5%NaCl溶液老化后纤维与基体界面破坏随时间的增加老化更加严重;玻璃化转变温度T_(g)下降,分别在老化30,60,90 d后从189.16℃下降到177.54,171.88,168.06℃;经3.5%NaCl溶液老化后,老化30,60,90 d试样的最大破坏载荷分别降低3.2%,8.4%,15.3%,压缩强度分别降低3.0%,8.2%,15.9%;层间剪切最大破坏载荷分别降低3.0%,9.2%,14.9%,剪切强度分别降低3.0%,9.7%,16.4%。     

磷酸处理芳纶纤维的缠绕环氧树脂基体

在用磷酸(PA)溶液处理芳纶纤维的基础上, 系统研究了适用于制备高性能芳纶纤维增强复合材料的缠绕环氧树脂基体, 测试了复合材料的力学性能和热机械性能, 讨论了树脂基体对芳纶纤维增强复合材料界面性能的影响。结果表明: 经过磷酸溶液处理的芳纶纤维表面存在一定量的极性官能团, 与缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂有良好的界面相容性; 经过优化的树脂体系其芳纶纤维增强复合材料的NOL环(Naval Ordnance Laboratory Ring)纤维强度转化率达到95％, 层间剪切强度(ILSS)达到79MPa, 界面剪切强度(IFSS)达到76MPa, 具有较好的界面性能。      

湿法缠绕用T800碳纤维复合材料基体研究

针对T800碳纤维和湿法缠绕的特点,开发了一种适合T800碳纤维湿法缠绕用的树脂基体,测试了该树脂基体与T800碳纤维制成复合材料的力学性能和耐湿热性能。结果表明,该树脂体系的粘度和适用期可满足湿法缠绕成型工艺要求,制备的T-800碳纤维复合材料界面粘接好,层间剪切强度达到101 MPa,NOL环拉伸强度高于2500MPa;单向复合材料经95℃蒸馏水浸泡150h后的平衡吸湿率低于1%、力学性能保留率高,耐湿热性能优良。     

基于微波固化工艺的碳纤维T800/环氧树脂复合材料固化反应动力学

针对微波固化工艺下的碳纤维（T800）/环氧树脂复合材料的固化反应行为,运用非等温差示扫描量热（DSC）法,研究了T800/环氧树脂复合材料的固化反应放热过程。基于Kamal动力学模型,采用粒子群全局优化算法,拟合得到了纯微波固化工艺及高压微波固化工艺的T800/环氧树脂复合材料固化反应动力学方程,通过实验验证,该方程能够很好地描述T800/环氧树脂复合材料微波固化反应动力学行为。并系统对比研究了不同固化工艺方法对T800/环氧树脂复合材料固化反应动力学的影响。结果表明：相比传统热固化工艺,微波固化工艺能够有效提高T800/环氧树脂复合材料的固化反应速率并降低其固化反应的活化能,同时固化压力的引入对T800/环氧树脂复合材料的固化反应有一定的促进作用。     

不同热氧环境对T800碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

不同热氧环境(70,130,190℃)对碳纤维复合材料的性能有着重要的影响。分析了不同热氧环境下T800碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的失重特性,并对比了老化前后的表面形貌、红外光谱、动态力学性能和层间剪切性能。结果表明:在热氧老化初始阶段,质损率急速上升,老化温度越高质量损失越快;试样表面形貌随热氧温度的升高其破坏程度逐渐加剧,在190℃老化后,纤维表面树脂脱落严重,纤维与纤维之间出现裂缝空隙,无树脂填充,在此老化温度下,试样发生了不可逆化学变化;试样的玻璃化转变温度会随老化温度的升高而变大,但内耗呈现先降低后增大再降低的趋势,在70,130,190℃热氧老化后试样剪切强度分别提高6.0%,13.7%和2.1%。相关实验结果和实验现象可为后续研究新型国产T800碳纤维/环氧复合材料提供数据参考。     

T800碳纤维/9518氰酸酯复合材料的性能

通过差示扫描量热（DSC）法研究了9518氰酸酯的固化反应,制定了9518氰酸酯的固化工艺;通过动态热机械分析（DMA）测试、力学性能测试、金相显微镜和SEM等方法研究了T800碳纤维/9518氰酸酯复合材料的受热行为、力学性能、纤维微观形貌和界面特性。结果表明：9518氰酸酯的固化反应只有一个固化反应放热峰,其比较合理的固化工艺为130℃/0.5 h+160℃/0.5 h（加压合模）+200℃/2 h+230℃/2 h。T800碳纤维/9518氰酸酯复合材料的玻璃化转变温度为255℃,其各项力学性能比T700碳纤维/9518氰酸酯复合材料提高均大于10%,室温-湿态力学性能保持率大于83%,200℃的力学性能保持率大于60%。T800碳纤维不规则的截面和表面沿长度方向的沟槽有利于树脂与纤维间形成良好的结合界面。     

高性能T800碳纤维复合材料树脂基体

在分析T800 碳纤维表面上胶剂的基础上, 系统研究了适用于制备高性能T800 碳纤维复合材料的树脂基体, 测试了树脂浇注体及其复合材料的力学性能和热机械性能, 研究了树脂基体对T800 碳纤维复合材料界面性能的影响。结果表明, T800 碳纤维表面上胶剂中酯基含量较高, 与缩水甘油酯类环氧树脂有良好的界面相容性, 经复配和优化的树脂体系其T800 碳纤维复合材料的层间剪切强度达到138 MPa , NOL 环拉伸强度达到2530MPa , 玻璃化温度( Tg ) 达到213 ℃, 具有优异的界面性能和耐热性能。      

Effect of moisture absorption on the mechanical behavior of carbon fiber/epoxy matrix composites

A carbon fiber/epoxy unidirectional laminated composite was exposed to a humid environment and the effect of moisture absorption on the mechanical properties and failure modes was investigated. The composites were exposed to three humidity conditions, namely, 25, 55, and 95 % at a constant temperature of 25 °C. The carbon fiber–epoxy laminated composites for two different carbon fiber surface treatments were used. The results showed that the mechanical properties differ considerably for each fiber surface treatment. The application of a coupling agent enhanced the fiber-matrix adhesion and reduced dependence of the properties on humidity. The damage mechanism observed at micromechanical level was correlated to acoustic emission signals from both laminated composites. The untreated carbon fiber failure mode was attributed to fiber-matrix interfacial failure and for the silane-treated carbon fiber reinforced epoxy laminate attributed to matrix yielding followed by fiber failure with no signs of fiber-matrix interface failure for moisture contents up to 1.89 %.     

Effect of moisture absorption on the micromechanical behavior of carbon fiber/epoxy matrix composites

Carbon fiber/epoxy material in the form of a single fiber unidirectional composite was subjected to controlled humidity environments. Moisture uptake in polymer composites has significant effects on the mechanical properties of the matrix as well as on the final performance of the composite material. Diminishing of the mechanical properties of the matrix is attributed to a decrease of its glass transition temperature (T _g). The quality of the fiber–matrix interphase was assessed using the single fiber fragmentation test and the fiber-fragment length, considered as an indicator of interfacial quality. In order to measure the fiber fragment lengths and indentify failure mechanism at the interface optical observation and acoustic emission technique were used. The speed of propagation of an acoustic wave in the material was also determined. A comparison is made of interfacial shear strength values determined by acoustic emission and optical techniques. Excellent agreement between the two techniques was obtained. By means of a micromechanical model, it was possible to determine from the fragmentation lengths a measure of the interfacial shear strength between the fiber and the matrix. The role of moisture uptake swelling of the matrix on the residual stresses is considered to be important when considering the effect deterioration of interfacial shear properties. Both the contribution of the radial stresses and the mechanical component of fiber–matrix adhesion are seen to decrease rapidly for higher moisture contents in the matrix and/or interface.     

国产T800碳纤维/双马来酰亚胺复合材料的界面及力学性能

分别采用日本东丽T800H和国产T800碳纤维作为增强体,采用热压罐工艺制备双马来酰亚胺树脂基复合材料。研究了2种碳纤维的表面物理和化学状态,复合材料的微观界面性能及力学性能。结果表明:国产T800碳纤维表面沟槽分布较多,表面粗糙度较高,有利于与树脂基体形成更好的物理结合作用。同时,国产T800碳纤维表面具有较多的含氧官能团,有利于与基体树脂形成更好的化学结合作用。因此,国产T800碳纤维的界面剪切强度较T800H碳纤维高约27%。国产T800/HT-280复合材料的力学性能均普遍高于T800H/HT-280复合材料,其中,90°拉伸强度高约25%,面内剪切强度、弯曲强度高约12%,层间剪切强度高约7%。      

T700碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料自然老化性能与机制

为验证复合材料的耐久性,对T700碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料经自然老化后的微观形貌、表面元素含量、热性能与力学性能等进行了研究。结果表明: 在光氧老化与热氧老化的共同作用下,T700碳纤维增强EP-A环氧树脂基（T700/EP-A）复合材料表层树脂将发生老化降解,并且随自然老化时间的延长,T700/EP-A复合材料的玻璃化转变温度逐渐降低,未老化试样的玻璃化转变温度为207℃,经过自然老化处理3年后,其玻璃化转变温度降低为180℃,延长自然老化时间至5年时,其玻璃化转变温度进一步降低至172℃。而自然老化过程对复合材料力学性能可能同时存在着增强效应与损伤效应,因此造成了T700/EP-A与T700/EP-B复合材料的不同力学性能表现出相异的变化趋势。随自然老化时间延长,T700/EP-A与T700/EP-B复合材料纵向拉伸强度表现出先升高后降低的趋势,纵向弯曲强度表现出逐渐升高的趋势,纵向压缩强度与层间剪切强度存在波动,未呈现出明显变化。      

国产T800碳纤维用氰酸酯树脂开发及其复合材料性能

基于飞行器减重对耐高温结构复合材料的应用背景,为了拓展国产T800碳纤维增强氰酸酯复合材料体系的应用,通过对国产T800碳纤维表面上浆剂的分析,开展适于国产T800碳纤维的氰酸酯树脂基体配方设计,研究国产T800碳纤维/氰酸酯复合材料的力学性能和耐热性能,分析树脂基体对复合材料界面性能的影响。结果表明:国产T800碳纤维表面上浆剂中含有环氧基团。配方优化后的氰酸酯树脂与国产T800碳纤维复合后,复合材料的室温-湿态力学性能保持率大于74.8%,200℃力学性能保持率大于57%,玻璃化转变温度为226℃,具有优异的热机械性能和界面性能。     

Effect of epoxy coatings on carbon fibers during manufacture of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites

The changes in oxygen and nitrogen during manufacture of the carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites were measured using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method. The effects of the change in oxygen and nitrogen on the strength of the carbon fibers were investigated and the results revealed that the change of the tensile strength with increasing heat curing temperature was attributed to the change in the surface flaws of the carbon fibers because the carbon fibers are sensitive to the surface flaws. The effect of the surface energy that was calculated using Kaelble’s method on the strength of the carbon fibers was investigated. Furthermore, the surface roughness of the carbon fibers was measured using atom force microscopy. The change trend of roughness was reverse to that of the strength, which was because of the brittle fracture of the carbon fibers.     

碳纤维网络增强环氧树脂基复合材料的制备与表征

为提高碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的刚性和热尺寸稳定性,首先利用短切碳纤维制备了碳纤维网络增强体(CFNR),并将其与环氧树脂复合制备了CFNR/环氧树脂新型复合材料。然后,分别利用扫描电镜和热机械分析仪对CFNR/环氧树脂复合材料的微观结构和热力学性能进行了表征。结果表明:CFNR/环氧树脂复合材料中有明显的网络节点,即碳质粘结点;CFNR/环氧树脂复合材料具有较好的导电性、较高的刚性和较低的热膨胀性,其弹性模量分别为常规短切碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料及纯环氧树脂的3倍和6倍,平均热膨胀系数(60~200℃)分别为常规短切碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的1/15及纯环氧树脂的1/40;随着温度升高,CFNR/环氧树脂复合材料、常规短切碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料及纯环氧树脂的弹性模量均因环氧树脂变软而降低,当温度高于80℃时,CFNR/环氧树脂复合材料的弹性模量分别约为常规短切碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的7倍和纯环氧树脂的近70倍。研究结论可以为开发高刚性、低膨胀聚合物基复合材料提供实验依据和理论指导。     

Interlaminar properties of carbon fiber composites with halloysite nanotube-toughened epoxy matrix

Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), which are geometrically similar to multi-walled carbon nanotubes, can improve the impact strength of epoxy substantially, according to our previous work [1]. Using a HNT-toughened epoxy as the matrix, a set of hybrid composites was prepared with carbon fiber-woven fabrics. The interlaminar properties of the composites were investigated by a short-beam shear test, a double-cantilever-beam test and an end-notched flexure test. The results showed that the addition of HNTs to the composites improved the interlaminar shear strength and the fracture resistance under Mode I and Mode II loadings greatly. The morphological study of the hybrid composites revealed that HNTs were non-uniformly dispersed in the epoxy matrix, forming a unique microstructure with a large number of HNT-rich composite particles enveloped by a continuous epoxy-rich phase. A study of the fracture mechanism uncovered the important role of this special morphology during the fracturing of the hybrid composites.     

苎麻短纤维层间增韧碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料

采用热压机层压成型工艺制备了苎麻短纤维(SRF)层间增韧碳纤维/环氧树脂(CF/EP)复合材料层压板,研究了SRF的长度、面密度及其表面偶联处理对CF/EP复合材料层间断裂韧性的影响,并进一步研究了SRF的铺入对复合材料弯曲、拉伸性能的影响。研究结果表明,层间SRF的铺入明显改善了CF/EP复合材料的I型和II型层间断裂韧性(G_(IC)和G_(IIC)),当表面偶联处理的纤维长度为6mm、面密度为12g·m~(-2)时,增韧效果最佳,GIC由497.48J·m~(-2)增加到667.54J·m~(-2),提高了34.24%;GIIC由508.52J·m~(-2)增加到862.11J·m~(-2),提高了69.54%。此外,铺入SRF对复合材料的弯曲、拉伸性能也有一定程度的提高。通过SEM观察发现,SRF的增韧机制与其层间桥联以及裂纹扩展过程中从基体中拔出与劈裂等现象有关。     

Dielectric properties of epoxy/short carbon fiber composites

The dielectric properties of epoxy/short carbon fiber composites at different concentrations 0, 5, 10 and 15% by weight, different thicknesses 2 and 4 mm, and frequency in the range from 20 Hz to 1 MHz were characterized. Scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were utilized. The alternating current (ac) electrical properties (complex impedance, dielectric constant, dielectric loss, real part of electric modulus, imaginary part of electric modulus, electrical conductivity, and relaxation time) were determined. It was found that the applied frequency, filler concentrations, and composite thickness affected the ac electrical properties of the epoxy/carbon fiber composites. The dielectric behaviors of the interfacial polarization between epoxy matrix and carbon fibers could be described by the Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars relaxation. The analysis of the complex electric modulus in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 1 MHz revealed that the interfacial relaxation followed the Cole–Davidson distribution of relaxation times. The universal power-law of ac conductivity was observed in the epoxy/carbon fiber composites. The calculated power exponent (near unity) is physically acceptable within this applied model.     

Mechanical properties of carbon fiber/fullerene-dispersed epoxy composites

This study examined the effect of fullerene dispersion on the mechanical properties of carbon-fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites (CFRPs). Mechanical properties such as tension, compression, open-hole compression, comparession after impact (CAI), binding, short beam shear, and interlaminar fracture toughness were evaluated for [0]₈, [90]₁₆, [45/0/?45/90]_2S laminates. Tension and compression strengths increased 2–12% by dispersing 0.5% of fullerene into the matrix resin. Furthermore, interlaminar fracture toughness of the composite was improved by about 60%. It was revealed that a small amount of fullerene (0.1–1 wt.%) increased the failure strain of epoxy resin itself, thereby improving the CFRP strength.     

碳纤维毡/环氧树脂复合材料的力阻效应

以短切碳纤维毡和环氧树脂为原材料制成复合材料,考察了该材料在单向拉伸载荷下的力阻响应。实验结果表明,该材料具有正力阻效应(拉应变引起材料的电阻增大)。其中,单层碳纤维毡/环氧树脂复合材料的力阻灵敏度可达13.9,但在加载过程中其电阻表现出逐渐衰减趋势;多层碳纤维毡/环氧树脂复合材料的力阻性能更为稳定,但随着层数的增加灵敏度逐渐降低,5层复合材料的力阻灵敏度下降到5.7。多层复合材料的立体导电网络是其稳定性提升和灵敏度下降的主要原因。将碳纤维毡/环氧树脂多层复合材料敷设在梁结构表面形成智能表层,利用其力阻性能实现了梁结构在循环载荷下的变形监测以及在单调载荷作用下损伤监测。