伊敏-冯屯可控串补控制策略的RTDS实验研究

采用RTDS实时仿真工具验证了我国东北电网伊敏－冯屯500 kV交流输电架空线路可控串联补偿控制器的各项控制性能,检验了可控串联补偿装置的稳态运行特性,研究了可控串联补偿装置的阻抗阶跃特性和运行模式转换特性,最后通过三相故障的工况验证了可控串联补偿装置提高系统暂态稳定性尤其是阻尼低频功率振荡的作用。     

考虑暂稳约束下含TCSC联络线的传输能力

可控串补(TCSC)通过改变线路电抗值即改变网络结构来实现对系统的控制.随着现代电力系统的发展,系统规模越来越大、电压等级越来越高,电网输送能力赶不上负荷的需求、而电力市场化运营又需要系统采用更多的控制手段,在输电电网中应用TCSC来增加输电能力、控制系统潮流、提高系统稳定性显得尤为迫切.文中研究输电线路安装了TCSC...     

Fuzzy based damping controller for TCSC using local measurements to enhance transient stability of power systems

This paper proposes a local fuzzy based damping controller (LFDC) for thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) to improve transient stability of power systems. In order to implement the proposed scheme, detailed model of TCSC, based on actual behavior of thyristor valves, is adopted. The LFDC uses the frequency at the TCSC bus as a local feedback signal, to control the firing angle. The parameters of fuzzy controller are tuned using an off-line method through chaotic optimization algorithm (COA). To verify the proposed LFDC, numerical simulations are carried out in Matlab/Simpower toolbox for the following case studies: two-area two-machine (TATM), WSCC three-machine nine-bus and Kundur’s two-area four-machine (TAFM) systems under various faults types. In this regard, to more evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the simulation results are compared with the wide-area fuzzy based damping controller (WFDC). Moreover, the transient behavior of the detailed and phasor models of the TCSC is discussed in the TATM power system. The simulation results confirm that the proposed LFDC is an efficient tool for transient stability improvement since it utilizes only local signals, which are easily available.     

超高压线路串补电容的微机保护算法

在超高压输电线路系统中,串联电容补偿具有提高输送容量和改善系统稳定性等优点,但由于串补电容的存在导致输电线路继电保护存在一系列问题。根据串补电容对距离保护和零序方向保护影响的理论分析,提出了基于TCSC串补电容的线路微机保护算法。算法利用TCSC的运行参数,考虑了串补电容在暂态过程以及电容运行状态对保护参数整定的影响,以避免TCSC使保护拒动或误动。最后通过仿真运行表明,该算法对于带有不同运行状态的TCSC的输电线路有很强的适应力和可靠性,可以满足线路继电保护的基本要求。     

成碧线220 kV可控串补系统的控制策略和系统试验

采用可控串联补偿（TCSC）可以提高长距离弱联系系统的电网输送能力、阻尼系统低频振荡、提高系统稳定性。合理的控制策略能使TCSC产生更有效的作用。成碧线220 kV的TCSC系统控制策略主要针对电力系统的暂态稳定和阻尼振荡2个阶段进行设计,其控制器主要由阻抗控制环节、阻尼控制环节、暂态稳定控制环节以及保护环节、延时环节组成。系统试验证明:成碧线220 kV的TCSC装置能够平滑、快速地进行阻抗调节,有效阻尼系统低频振荡,提高系统稳定性。     

计及广域测量系统时滞影响的TCSC控制器设计

在广域电力系统的环境下，基于相量测量单元技术的广域测量系统将引入不可忽略的时滞，这将对基于广域测量系统测量信号的广域控制器带来影响，从而对电力系统的动态特性产生重大的影响。分析了广域测量系统的通信延迟时间对可控串联电容补偿器(TCSC)非线性控制器稳定特性的影响，基于线性矩阵不等式理论设计了TCSC控制器以提高电力系统对时滞的不敏感性，线性和非线性时域仿真结果验证了所设计的TCSC控制器的有效性。     

多可控串补自适应协调控制设计

采用多可控串联补偿器（thyristor controlled series compensation,TCSC）联合运行可提高线路功率传输能力,但多TCSC联合运行时所存在的交互影响可能导致系统暂态稳定性下降。设计一种新的自适应控制方案,动态自适应调整多个TCSC联合运行时的参数,以规避多TCSC的负交互影响。利用能量函数分析多TCSC协调控制规律,然后通过微分观测器引入微分信号,再将专家控制和神经网络引入自适应控制,动态调整PID（proportion integral differential）参数。通过在一个装设2台TCSC的4机2区域系统的仿真验证,并和PI控制、BP-PI控制进行对比,结果表明,所设计的自适应控制器在提高系统暂态稳定性方面,具有一定的优越性。     

可控串联电容补偿器的负阻尼特性研究

由于在暂稳控制器的设计中通常将可控串联电容补偿器(TCSC)处理为带限幅器的一阶惯性环节,而忽略了电力系统动态行为对TCSC脉冲触发过程影响以及装置动态响应特性的研究.文中建立了装有TCSC的电力系统的扩展Phillips Heffron模型,通过分析TCSC对系统同步和阻尼转矩的贡献,给出了在开环定触发角控制下TCSC表现为负阻尼特性的解析解.基于NETOMAC的数字仿真结果验证了模型分析的正确性,同时指出通过合适的底层控制策略可以减弱和消除负阻尼,有效地改善 TCSC的动态响应特性.     

Effective oscillation damping of an interconnected multi-source power system with automatic generation control and TCSC

Stabilizing area frequency and tie-line power oscillations in interconnected power systems are main concerns that have received significant attention in automatic generation control (AGC) studies. This paper deals with modeling and simulation of thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) based damping controller in coordination with AGC to damp the oscillations and thereby, improve the dynamic stability. The contribution of TCSC in tie-line power exchange is formulated analytically for small perturbation and a systematic method based on the Taylor series expansion is proposed for modeling of TCSC based damping controller. The integral gains of AGC and TCSC parameters are optimized simultaneously using an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm through minimizing integral of time multiplied squared error (ITSE) performance index. The performance of the proposed TCSC–AGC coordinated controller is compared with case of AGC alone. A two-area interconnected multi-source power system, including TCSC located in series with the tie-line, is studied considering nonlinearity effects of generation rate constraint (GRC) and governor dead band (GDB). Simulation results show that proposed controller shows greater performance in damping of the oscillations and enhancing the frequency stability. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses are carried out against system loading condition, parametric uncertainties, and different perturbation patterns to show the robustness of TCSC–AGC.     

用TCSC改善阳城至淮阴输电系统送电能力的研究

本文就阳城至淮阴远距离输电系统中可控串联补偿装置的前景作了简单的分析,提出以两端相角差为控制量的就地控制方式,简化了控制手段。仿真结果表明,可控串补能够较大幅度的提高输电能力,且本文中提出的控制策略对提高系统的暂态稳定性有明显效果。     

TCSC次同步谐振阻尼控制器设计

输电线路采用串联电容补偿存在引起电力系统次同步谐振的危险,TCSC常用来解决这一问题。基于提升系统电气阻尼的思想,设计了TCSC附加阻尼控制器,该控制器针对分模态控制方法存在的不足进行了改进。基于IEEE SSR第一标准测试模型的分析表明改进后的控制器能将系统在几乎整个次同步频段内的电气阻尼提高为正,从而消除了该频段内的SSR危险。     

多机系统TCSC逆推鲁棒控制器设计

在高压线路上装设可控串联补偿电容器(TCSC)可以改善系统的暂态稳定性,提高线路的传输容量.利用逆推方法与L2性能准则相结合,设计了多机系统TCSC非线性鲁棒控制器,该控制器可以抑止干扰对系统输出的影响.设计过程中不需要线性化和求解Riccati矩阵不等式,因此基于该方法的设计过程简明,易于为工程设计人员所接受.仿真表明该控制器能够维持闭环系统的渐近稳定.     

TCSC次同步谐振附加阻尼控制器

针对晶闸管控制的串联补偿电容器(TCSC)无法彻底消除系统次同步谐振(SSR)的问题,基于相位补偿原理设计了TCSC的附加阻尼控制器.通过对发电机转速差信号进行适当的放大和移相,产生附加控制信号来调节TCSC的触发角,使TCSC能够在整个次同步频段提供正的电气阻尼来抑制次同步谐振.基于IEEE SSR第一标准测试系统的...     

A design method of nonlinear optimal predictive controller for thyristor controlled series compensation

In this paper, a design method of thyristor controlled series compensation (TCSC) controller with closed-form analytic solution control law is presented so as to improve transient stability and dynamic performance of power systems, on the basis of nonlinear optimal predictive control theory. The control scheme is robust and considers uncertainty of power systems. The stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed by the control law which does not require on-line optimization and the huge calculation burden is avoided, besides, all input variables can be obtained locally. The simulation results demonstrate that the controller may improve transient stability and dynamic performance of power systems significantly.     

可控串联补偿装置器件级数字仿真研究

在可控串联电容补偿装置（ＴＣＳＣ）的研究中,用电容、电感、晶闸管、ＭＯＶ等元件构造ＴＣＳＣ器件模型。选择合适的步长、触发才暂态稳定控制器,在实际多机系统中进行ＴＣＳＣ数字仿真研究。结果表明,所采用的ＴＣＳＣ器件模型和控制方法可在仿真中正确实现了ＴＣＳＣ的触发功能和控制功能。     

A study of thyristor controlled series capacitor models for power system stability analysis

The thyristor‐controlled series capacitor (TCSC) is promising as a powerful device to increase power transfer capability and transient stability. The basic configuration of the TCSC consists of a series of capacitors connected antiparallel with thyristor‐controlled reactors, so that firing angle control of the thyristors makes the TCSC capable of achieving impedance control in a wide range with quick response. It is important to clarify the relationship between the fundamental reactance of the TCSC and the firing angle of the thyristors, thus leading to practical applications of the TCSC for enhancement of power transfer capability and transient stability in transmission lines. Two relationship equations for the TCSC's fundamental reactance have already been proposed. One is the relationship equation derived from a TCSC circuit whose source is a voltage. The other is the relationship equation derived from a TCSC circuit whose source is a current. For TCSC installed in a transmission line, it is clear which equation is more adequate for analyzing power system stability. In this paper, the authors determine whether either of the equations is valid for analyzing a power system stability.

• 1. In the steady state, the TCSC fundamental reactance is analyzed and compared with the two equations and EMTP. It is clear that the TCSC reactance based on current source is adequate.
• 2. The swing angle of a generator when the firing angle is stepped up is analyzed with EMTP and an analytical model using the TCSC model based on current source. It is shown that the proposed model is effective for power system stability analysis. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 129(1): 20–28, 1999

     

可控串联补偿输电技术

首先介绍了灵活交流输电系统(FACTS)中晶闸管控串联电容(TCSC)补偿方法的功效，如增大动态和暂态稳定输电限制、增大传输功率以及缓解次同步谐振(SSR)和系统电压崩溃现象。同时介绍了TCSC的运行原理和配置情况。最后介绍了一个大电力系统互联技术作为工程实践的实例。     

基于蚁群算法的晶闸管控制串联补偿控制提高超高压电网稳定性的研究

采用一种基于注入电流法的晶闸管控制串联电容器补偿（thyristorcontrolledseriescompensation,TCSC）模型,设计了基于暂态能量函数和蚁群算法的TCSC控制器,对控制器参数进行自适应优化。针对典型500kV超高压线路进行控制性能的时域仿真分析,验证了所设计的TCSC稳定控制策略能够有效地提高大区域互联电网的动态稳定性。     

TCSC及其主动阻尼控制对次同步谐振的抑制

可控串联电容补偿(thyristor controlled series capacitor,TCSC)能够控制串联电容器与汽轮发电机轴系之间的能量交换,抑制系统中的次同步分量,从而避免发生次同步谐振的风险。对TCSC抑制次同步谐振(sub-synchronous resonance,SSR)的2种不同方法,即自然抑制和主动抑制,进行了分析和对比,设计了次同步阻尼控制器,研究了TCSC在不同触发角下及附加了阻尼控制器的主动抑制下对次同步谐振抑制的效果,通过PSCAD/EMTDC对这些方法进行时域仿真发现,2种方法均能有效抑制SSR,而主动抑制的效果更好一些。     

含串补的交直流输电系统次同步谐振抑制

以含串补的交直流混合输电系统为研究对象,通过在交流系统中采取有效措施削弱次同步谐振。首先用可控串联电容补偿器(thyristor-controlled series capacitor,TCSC)代替部分固定串补;然后进行TCSC主电路参数选择和基于相位补偿法的TCSC附加次同步阻尼控制器设计;最后用PSCAD/EMTDC软件进行仿真验证。结果表明,该策略可以提高系统阻尼,有效抑制系统的次同步谐振,改善系统的稳定性。