Synthesis and surface measurements of surfactants derived from dehydroabietic acid

Dehydroabietates with poly(ethylene oxide) chains of average m=12, 17, and 45 units [DeHab(E) _m ] were synthesized. The adsorption at the liquid-vapor interface was measured, and the adsorbed amount and critical micelle concentrations (CMC) were determined. The foamability, the foam stability, wetting properties, and cloud points, with and without salt content, were studied. The results were compared with common linear alkyl ethoxylates, nonylphenol ethoxylates, and cholesterol ethoxylates. The dehydroabietic acid as hydrophobe was found to result in the same CMC as a linear dodecyl chain. DeHab(E)₄₅ was found to be insoluble above 400 mg/L, but the surface tensions at lower concentrations were similar to those of the C_11–13E_38–40 surfactants, which exhibit CMC in aqueous media. The foaming behavior of the DeHab(E)₁₂ and DeHab(E)₁₇ surfactants was about the same as for common linear C _n E _m surfactants. The foamability as well as the foam stability increased with ethylene oxide (EO) chain length. The cloud point was depressed by increased salt concentration and increased with the number of EO units in the head group. The cloud point was significantly lower than for the corresponding surfactant with a dodecyl chain with similar EO chain length. The wetting results, obtained by measuring the contact angle at similar surface tensions, indicate that surfactants of the DeHab(E) _m type are more efficient wetting agents than both disaccharide sugar surfactants and C _n E _m type surfactants.     

去氢枞酸基新型甜菜碱类两性表面活性剂的合成

从歧化松香中分离提纯去氢枞酸,然后以去氢枞酸为原料,经去氢枞酸缩水甘油酯及叔胺中间体,合成了N-(3-去氢枞酰氧基-2-羟基)丙基-N,N-二甲基羧甲基甜菜碱和N-(3-去氢枞酰氧基-2-羟基)丙基-N,N-二甲基(2-羟基)磺丙基甜菜碱这两种新型甜菜碱类两性表面活性剂。通过紫外、红外及质谱分析,对目标产物进行了结构表征,并对其表面张力和临界胶束浓度进行了测定。     

枞酸和去氢枞酸生物活性衍生物研究进展

分析对比了提纯枞酸的几种方法,综述了去氢枞酸的提纯方法,概括总结了枞酸和去氢枞酸的生物活性衍生物的合成和生物活性研究现状,并展望了其发展趋势。     

微波辅助提取去氢枞酸的研究

微波辅助下从歧化松香中提取去氢枞酸,用单因素实验法研究得出最佳提取条件为:乙醇胺与歧化松香的摩尔比1.1∶1,将乙醇胺在5 min内滴完,反应温度75℃,反应时间15 min,异辛烷作萃取剂。去氢枞酸的收率达80.9%,纯度达94.25%。与常规提取法相比,微波辅助法收率高且反应时间短。     

光学纯去氢枞酸的制备与表征

用化学方法由歧化松香制得光学纯去氢枞酸，并以ＵＶ、ＩＲ、＾１ＨＮＭＲ、ＭＳ、元素分析和旋光对其结构进行了表征。     

一种新颖的松香酰基甘氨酸型两性双子表面活性剂的合成及性能分析

以酸值为170.54 mg(KOH)/g的松香酸为原料,经酰化、成盐等化学反应制备了以乙二胺为联结基的松香酰基甘氨酸型两性双子表面活性剂,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪确证目标产物的基本结构,通过表面张力仪等方法对产物进行性能分析,结果表明,双子表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为5×10-4mol/L,γCMC为34.208 mN/m;乳化时间为2.5 h,乳化力很强,可作为较优的乳化剂;由泡沫力分析可知产物的泡沫性能稳定,泡沫力强。     

脱氢松香酸含氮衍生物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性研究

以天然林化资源脱氢松香酸为原料,合成了5个脱氢松香酸12位含氮衍生物,所有化合物的结构经IR和1HNMR确证,并对4种人体肿瘤细胞株进行了初步体外抗肿瘤活性评价。结果表明部分化合物具有良好的抗肿瘤活性。     

丙烯海松双酰基硫脲衍生物的合成

松香与丙烯酸通过Diels-Alder双烯加成反应得到16-异丙基-5,9-二甲基四环[10.2.2.01,10.04,9]十六烷基-15-烯基-5,14-二酸(即丙烯海松酸),丙烯海松酸再经酰氯化、酯化,最后与芳胺反应生成标题化合物,通过IR、NMR、MS和元素分析等对产物进行了表征,并对反应条件进行了优化,产品收率...     

富马海松酸三酰基异氰酸酯的制备及表征

以富马海松酸为原料制备了中间产物富马海松酸三酰胺,再与草酰氯反应制备了标题化合物,中间产物和目标产物结构经IR、1 HNMR、13CNMR和MS等表征.标题化合物在国内外属首次合成,可用于硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的制备中.     

超声波作用下脱氢枞酰甘氨酸表面活性剂的合成与表面活性

以脱氢枞酸与氯化亚砜制得脱氢枞酸酰氯,脱氢枞酸酰氯和甘氨酸在超声波作用下生成脱氢枞酰甘氨酸,超声波的固定功率为120 W,讨论了反应温度、时间及反应物的用量比对反应的影响。结果表明,最佳的反应条件为:脱氢枞酸酰氯和甘氨酸物质的量之比为1∶1(摩尔比),反应温度20~25℃,反应时间70 m in,产率可达73.81%。并且对脱氢枞酰甘氨酸钠和脱氢枞酰甘氨酸钾的表面活性进行了测试。     

双膦酸衍生物的合成

对文献中有关双膦酸衍生物的合成方法及反应特点进行了归纳和综述。     

Synthesis,characterization, and surface properties of phenylalanine-glycerol ether surfactants

A novel homologous series of 1-N-l-phenylalanine-glycerol ether surfactants was synthesized in satisfactory yields via reaction of epichlorohydrin with aliphatic alcohols with alkyl chains of 10–15 carbon atoms. Structural assignment of the new compounds was made on the basis of elemental analysis and spectroscopic data. Critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at the CMC (γ_CMC), surfactant concentration required to reduce the surface tension of the solvent by 20 mN/m (pC₂₀), and the interfacial area occupied by the surfactant molecules (A_min) were determined from aqueous surface tension measurements using the Wilhelmy plate technique.     

12-溴-13,14-脱氢松香酸甲酯氧化呋咱的合成与表征

以脱氢松香酸为起始原料合成了一种新型的12-溴-13,14-脱氢松香酸甲酯氧化呋咱。其结构经IR、NMR、MS、元素分析及其单晶结构确证。     

A strategy for the electro-organic synthesis of new hydrocaffeic acid derivatives

Electrochemical treatment processes can significantly contribute to the protection of the environment through the minimization of waste and toxic materials in effluents. From a pharmaceutical point of view and due to the existing resemblance between the electrochemical and biological reactions, it can be assumed that the oxidation mechanisms on the electrode and in the body share similar principles. In this paper, the application of electrochemical studies in the design of an environmentally friendly method was delineated for the new hydrocaffeic acid (HCA, 3,4-dihydroxy hydrocinnamic acid) derivatives synthesis at carbon electrodes in an undivided cell. In this cell, the EC mechanism reaction was involved, comprising two steps alternatively; (1) electrochemical oxidation and (2) chemical reaction. In particular, the electro-organic reactions of HCA, an important biological molecule, were studied in a water–acetonitrile (90:10 v/v) mixture in the presence of benzenesulfinic acid (3) and p-toluenesulfinic acid (4). The research included the use of a variety of experimental techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry, controlled-potential electrolysis and product spectroscopic identification.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel amphiphiles containing amino acid and carbohydrate

Amphiphiles composed of two different natural renewable raw materials, amino acid and carbohydrate (chitin), were synthesized, and their colloidal properties were studied. N-Higher acylated glutamic and aspartic acid were used as amino acid raw materials. Chitin monomer (N-acetyl glucosamine) and dimer (N,N′-diacetylchitobiose) were employed as the carbohydrate hydrophilic moiety in the amphiphiles. These surfactants showed a surface tension in the range of 30–36 mN/m at their critical micelle concentration. In the study of colloidal properties, such as surface tension, emulsification, and foaming, the surfactants containing the monosaccharide hydrophilic group showed much better results than those with disaccharide. Biodegradation measurements showed that the tested surfactants are biodegraded by environmental microorganisms to 57–73% of the initial levels in 14 d. Their biodegradation extent depended on neither the saccharide structure nor the kind of amino acid.     

3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸衍生物的合成与结构表征

由没食子酸合成３，４，５－三甲氧基苯甲酰氯 ，然后 与醇和酚反应 ，合成了８个 ３,４，５－三甲氧基苯甲酸 类化合物。通过元素分析、ＩＲ ，１Ｈ ＮＭ Ｒ 和 Ｍ Ｓ 对其结构进行表征，并对 它们的裂解途径进行了探讨。     

改性松香基非离子表面活性剂的合成及性能

以松香和聚甘油为原料,合成了一种松香基非离子表面活性剂,得到不同甘油聚合度的产物。得到的松香基非离子表面活性剂的表面物化性能为:表面张力44 2～49 6mN/m;临界胶束浓度8 0×10-4～25 6×10-4mol/L;钙皂分散指数13 5%～21 5%;界面张力11 7～18 9mN/m;乳化力44～85s;泡沫性能6～46mm;润湿力87～121s。并对甘油聚合度和产物表面性能的关系进行了考察。     

含吡啶基的乙酸衍生物的合成及表征

分别以吡啶-2-甲醛和二吡啶甲基胺为原料,合成了两种含有吡啶环的新型乙酸衍生物-[（6-胺基-己基）-吡啶-2-甲基氨基]乙酸和[二（2-吡啶甲基）-氨基]乙酸.并通过IR、MS（ESI）、^1HNMR和（或）元素分析对两个化合物进行了表征.     

丙烯海松酸的合成研究

通过松香与丙烯酸的Diels-Alder加成反应制备了丙烯海松酸,考察了原料摩尔比对反应的影响。实验结果表明,随着丙烯酸用量的增加,产物的酸值和软化点逐步升高至不变;紫外光谱研究发现,随着丙烯酸用量的增长,枞酸型树脂酸相对含量下降,而海松酸型树脂酸的含量未见显著变化;气相色谱-质谱联用分析显示,在松香树脂酸与丙烯酸的加成反应中,树脂酸中的海松酸、异海松酸、脱氢枞酸等不参与反应,而长叶松酸、枞酸和新枞酸异构化为左旋海松酸,与丙烯酸发生加成反应;即使丙烯酸过量,长叶松酸和枞酸转化率最高也只可以达到91%和86%;研究还发现,加成产物丙烯海松酸有二种构造异构体,分别占丙烯海松酸量的20%和80%。     

Synthesis and characterization of polyesters based on tartaric acid derivatives

A series of aliphatic polyesters based on tartaric acid and its derivatives were synthesized starting from naturally occurring L-tartaric acid. The hydroxyl groups of the tartaric acid derivatives were first protected and the polyesters were synthesized by bulk and solution polycondensation methods. Two classes of polyesters were synthesized and characterized, the first by polycondensation of dimethyl 2,3-O-isopropylidene-l-tartrate with various alkanediols, and the second by reaction of 2,3-O-isopropylidene-l-threitol with various diacid chlorides. Acid catalyzed deprotection of isopropylidene groups gave well-defined polyesters having pendant hydroxyl functional groups regularly distributed along the polymer chain. The number average molecular weights (M_n) of the polymers were found to vary in the range of 2.3-15.7 × 10³ g mol⁻¹. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed the glass transition temperatures (T_g) of the polyesters varied from −36.1 °C to 17.9 °C on varying the chain length.